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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature dependence of the magnetic properties of amorphous rare earth-iron boron alloys : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 5589-5591 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The temperature dependences of the magnetization and magnetostriction have been measured in Tbx(Fe82B18)100−x, Smx(Fe82B18)100−x, and TbxLa5(Fe82B18)95−x, where 0≤x≤50. Below a spin freezing temperature Tf, which depends on the rare earth (RE) content, a random anisotropy phase is established when the anisotropy to exchange ratio is large. Between Tf and the Curie temperature Tc, the temperature dependences of the magnetostrictive contributions from the rare earth ions are compared with the theoretical single ion and two ions predictions. For low Tb concentrations (∼10 at. %) or larger Tb content (∼30 at. %) with small additions of La, the data follow the Iˆ9/2(x) power law whereas the Iˆ5/2(x) is otherwise more appropriate. For Sm, when x∼50, single ion Iˆ5/2(x) behavior is seen but with x∼10, a two ion (M/M0)2 dependence is observed. These different temperature dependences are a reflection of the symmetry of the fields surrounding the RE ions and provide useful information for the modeling of RE ions in an amorphous matrix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353660
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetostriction and magnetomechanical coupling in amorphous rare earth-iron compounds : The 5th Joint MMM−Intermag Conference (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 6534-6536 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effects of additions of the rare earths (RE) terbium and samarium on the room temperature magnetoelastic properties of amorphous Fe0.82B0.18 and Fe0.90Zr0.10 have been studied for up to 50 and 10 at. % RE, respectively. As the RE content in the Fe–Zr compounds is raised, the relative permeability increases, as do the Curie temperature, magnetostriction and magnetomechanical coupling. The magnetic phase diagram forFe–Zr–RE derived from magnetization data indicates the transition to a random anisotropy phase, evident at low temperatures in Fe0.90Zr0.10, rapidly rises to near room temperature with the addition of Tb and approaches the Curie temperature near ∼9 at. % Tb. This pattern of behavior is not seen in the Fe–B–RE compounds in which the exchange dominated behavior at room temperature remains essentially unchanged and is accompanied by reductions in permeability and magnetostriction until more than ∼18 at. % RE is included.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.349898
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetoelastic effects in rare-earth iron-aluminum compounds : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 6171-6173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnetic and magnetoelastic measurements under various conditions of compressive stress and applied field have been carried out on samples with the composition Tb0.3Dy0.7(Fe1−xAlx)1.95, 0≤x≤0.1, prepared by a float-zone growth technique. Their magnetoelastic performances compare favorably with the highly magnetostrictive "Terfenol-D'' compounds by having large magnetostrictive strains (λ∼1200 ppm at ∼120 kA/m), good magnetomechanical coupling (k33≈62%) and a large strain coefficient (d33≈80 nm/A). The substitution of aluminum for iron produces a material with potential benefits for use in actuators: higher electrical resistivity and improved ductility, which reduce eddy current effects and increase the mechanical strength.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352739
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dependence of the magnetic and magnetoelastic properties of (TbFe2)1−xBx melt-spun alloys on x (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 4500-4502 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Rare earth–iron alloys containing highly anisotropic rare earth ions exhibit huge values of magnetostriction in the crystalline compounds with large values still maintained in the amorphous counterparts (for amorphous (TbFe2)87B13 λs was found to be 620 ppm at 77 K and 1.6 T). Melt-spun ribbons have a high potential for applications due to their softer magnetic properties and dimensions (∼25 μm thick) allowing lower applied fields and higher operating frequencies. Melt-spun ribbons of TbFe2 containing between 3 and 14 at. % boron as the glass former were prepared and exhibit an x-ray amorphous structure for x≥7 at. % B. Their magnetic and magnetostrictive properties are discussed in terms of the boron concentration. For the amorphous alloys little variations in these properties are observed whereas for x〈7 at. % significant changes take place due to a nanocrystalline structure. By applying a two-sublattice mean-field model to the M(T) data, the intrasublattice and intersublattice exchange parameters have been obtained and are compared with previous results on crystalline TbFe2. The results are consistent with the differences in Curie temperatures. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.370388
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Device oriented magnetoelastic properties of TbxDy1−xFe1.95 (x=0.27, 0.3) at elevated temperatures : The 6th joint magnetism and magnetic materials (MMM)−intermag conference (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 7154-7156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In order to assess the potential of the highly magnetostrictive compound Terfenol-D (composition TbxDy1−xFe1.95, where x=0.3 or 0.27) for device applications in the temperature range 20–300 °C, measurement of magnetostrictive strain (λ), differential strain coefficient (d33), and magnetomechanical coupling coefficient (k33) have been made against applied dc field (≤120 kA/m), uniaxial pressure (≤20 MPa), and temperature. Comparing the two compositions at elevated temperatures has shown that large grain oriented material of the composition Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.95 has higher strains and d coefficients at elevated temperatures than small grain oriented material of composition Tb0.27Dy0.73Fe1.95, but for optimum coupling efficiency Tb0.27Dy0.73Fe1.95 is preferable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357992
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Control of Terfenol-D under load : The 6th joint magnetism and magnetic materials (MMM)−intermag conference (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 7160-7162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A vibration control case study is described which demonstrates the application of magnetostrictive (Terfenol-D) actuators. The magnetomechanical properties of the material suggests that when incorporated in devices for applications a nonlinear response will result. This case study compares the performance of two kinds of control strategy (both discrete), a conventional proportional and integral (PI) algorithm and a variable structure algorithm (DVSC) in both servo and cancellation/regulation roles. Both strategies were implemented on an INMOS transputer based microcontroller with a sampling period of 300 μs. The results presented show that the control behavior of the DVSC strategy offers significant advantages over the PI strategy when controlling actuators with nonlinear characteristics, i.e., the rejection of a 5 Hz disturbance with a gain of −36 dB compared to a gain of −15 dB when using the PI strategy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357994
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pressure dependencies of magnetostrictive strain and d coefficient in Terfenol-D after thermal or magnetic annealing : The 6th joint magnetism and magnetic materials (MMM)−intermag conference (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 7163-7165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The pressure dependence of the magnetostrictive strain coefficient, d33, and maximum strains in applied fields of 120 kA m−1 have been measured in samples of Terfenol-D before and after thermal or magnetic annealing. Application of an annealing field, Ha, parallel to the 〈111〉 axes which are normal to grains oriented along the [112¯] axis, leads to an increase in d33 of as much as 81%, with applied uniaxial prestresses as low as 3 MPa. The variation of optimum d33 values as a function of stress applied along the [112¯] axis shows anomalous oscillations after magnetic annealing. The thermal and magnetic effects of the annealing procedures are discussed and a mechanism to explain magnetic annealing is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357995
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nondestructive evaluation of Terfenol-D for transducer applications : The 41st annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 5716-5718 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A method and techniques have been developed for the nondestructive evaluation of grain oriented highly magnetostrictive rare-earth compounds, such as Terfenol-D, for use in actuator construction. Detection of an asymmetric flux distribution and localized fluctuations in ac permeability have been correlated with gradients in chemical composition and departures from the ideal grain structure produced by free float or contained zone preparation techniques. The data provide valuable information to gauge material quality, the response of individual samples to applied stress, and the reproducibility of transducer properties from one sample to another. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.364647
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic and magnetoelastic response of stress cycled Terfenol-D : The 41st annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 5719-5721 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The changes in magnetic and magnetomechanical properties of grain-oriented Terfenol-D have been monitored after stress cycling. Measurements of B–H loops and differential permeabilities under uniaxial preloads (≤20 MPa) applied along the [112¯] axis show that magnetic anisotropy is induced after ∼106 cycles of ±100 MPa about a mean preload of 120 MPa. According to the permeability data, magnetic moments lie preferentially along the 〈111〉 axes, normal to the [112¯] grain growth direction, and with the subsequent application of field along the [112¯] axis magnetic moment rotation is enhanced. This magnetic response is virtually identical to that induced by the application of measurement preloads and to results of earlier work on magnetic annealing. The magnetomechanical coupling data show little variation from the value prior to stress cycling (k33∼60%) provided the measurement preloads and bias fields are adjusted accordingly. The reasons for the observed modified behavior after stress cycling are discussed in the light of hysteresis loss and elastic modulus prior to and after the cycling. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.364842
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhancement of piezomagnetic response of highly magnetostrictive rare earth-iron alloys at kHz frequencies : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 6219-6221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effects of Al and Si additions on the frequency response of highly magnetostrictive Tb–Dy–Fe alloys have been studied. These elements reduced the electrical conductivity of the material, thereby increasing the depth of penetration of ac magnetic fields and extending the operational frequency range. Complex permeability measurements were made on doped and undoped polycrystalline samples with the objective of studying the improvement in energy conversion efficiency at kilohertz frequencies as a result of the alloying additions. The resulting complex permeability was compared with the values for single crystal specimens of Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.92 at a range of frequencies from 10 Hz to 50 kHz. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362076
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