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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipid and Lipopolysaccharide-Like Antigens of Leishmania Promastigotes (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 32 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Extraction of whole promastigotes of Leishmania tropica major and L. donovani with a mixture of hexane and isopropanol (3:2) yielded three fractions containing immunological activity: 1) lipids, where the activity was determined by radioimmunoassay; 2) a lipopolysaccharide-like (LPS-like), water-soluble precipitate, where activity was determined both by radioimmunoassay and double gel diffusion, and 3) the phenol: water extract of the lipid-free promastigotes, where activity was followed by double gel diffusion.The use of a solid state, lipid-based radioimmunoassay for detection of leishmanial antigens provided a sensitive measure of their activity with a considerable degree of species and serotype specificity. We found antibodies to leishmanial lipids in sera from immunized rabbits, convalescent mice, and human patients with confirmed cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis or kala azar. There was very little activity in normal human or animal sera. Analysis by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of fractions from promastigotes surface-labeled with galactose oxidase and sodium borotritiate and preliminary immunochemical characterization of the LPS-like antigen showed that it contained galactose, but otherwise differed immunologically and chemically from excreted factor (EF), the best characterized leishmanial antigen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1985.tb03064.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Some Metabolic Inhibitors on the Pigments of Euglena gracilis in an Acidic Medium (1959)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 6 (1959), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Darkness and O2-lack promote formation of a pheophytin-like pigment from chlorophyll in Euglena gracilis in an acidic medium. Dinitrophenol (DNP) produces similar but more drastic pigment alterations in aerated and illuminated cells. The extent of pigment decay was dependent on DNP concentration and external pH. Since volume expansion and inhibition of the contractile vacuole were also noted, it is suggested that pheophytin formation is secondary to hydrogen ion influx from the external medium. Major structural alterations of the chloroplast accompanied the pigment changes.Pentachlorophenol, iodoacetamide, Na fluoride, and Na azide produced similar pigment changes. Malonic acid and fluoroacetate were ineffective under the conditions described. However, in the dark, cells treated with fluoroacetate formed pheophytin rapidly. These effects are discussed in relation to the maintenance of intracellular [H+].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1959.tb04365.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alterations in Fatty Acid Metabolism and Morphology of Leishmania enriettii Exposed to Elevated Temperature (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 13 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Cytoplasmic inclusions appear rapidly in Leishmania enriettii exposed to 37 C. The staining of these droplets with oil red O, their extraction in non-polar solvents, and their fine structure by electron microscopy establish their identity as lipid droplets. Fatty acid profiles of these organisms show alterations concomitant with the development of these inclusions. Oleic acid increases while linolenic acid is depressed in cells exposed to elevated temperature. A greater incorporation of exogenous radioactive stearic acid occurs, with depressed specific activities of linoleic and linolenic acids compared to values obtained with control organisms. The isolated lipids of L. enriettii have temperature-dependent changes consistent with a physical interpretation of events which occur with temperature inactivation. The temperature lability of fatty acid metabolism is discussed in terms of the synthesis and stability of cellular membranes and organelles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1966.tb01955.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Excessive Variation in Radiation-induced Chromosome Aberrations (1962)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 193 (1962), S. 795-796 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Examination of Fig. 1, relating the observed variance to the observed average number of aberrations, brings out some points of interest. While all points are above the diagonal line indicative of equality, it is noted that the degree of departure from the Poisson law varies with the dose-level and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/193795a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Promotion of leishmanial infections in non-permissive host macrophages by conditioned medium (1977)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 53 (1977), S. 143-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Leishmania enriettii grows well in guinea pig macrophages in culture but fails to do so in mouse macrophages. Dialyzed and concentrated conditioned medium from L. enriettii cultures promoted the infection in the mouse macrophages at 37° C and at 32° C. Similarly processed medium on which L. tropica had been cultured did not cause the same effect. Immune precipitation of the conditioned medium by anti-Leishmania serum cancelled out the effect. Infections of guinea pig macrophages by L. tropica were also enhanced by the homologous medium, but we were unable to quantitate the effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00380458
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leishmanial excreted factors (EFs): Purification by affinity chromatography (1983)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 69 (1983), S. 695-701 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Leishmania species grown in culture excrete a polyanionic, carbohydrate-rich factor (EF) which binds to antibodies produced in rabbits against the parentLeishmania species. EF, previously purified by physical and chemical methods, was purified by affinity chromatography on aRicinus lectin column. The purified samples were characterised and analysed. The results show a notable proportion of galactose in EF and clarify the reasons for its polyanionic properties. Heterogenicity of EF is demonstrated and discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00927419
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Binding ofLeishmania promastigotes to macrophages (1983)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 69 (1983), S. 405-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Leishmania tropica promastigotes are easily attached to and engulfed by C3H peritoneal macrophages in vitro at 37°C. Different sugars at 0.3–0.5 M inhibited in vitro the attachment ofL. tropica promastigotes to C3H peritoneal macrophages with lactose (Gal-β [1→4]Glc) being the most efficient. Inhibition of attachment is also affected by pre-treatment of promastigotes with galactose oxidase. Oligosaccharides extending from promastigote and amastigote cell surfaces contain an important proportion of non-reducing galactose as does the carbohydrate-rich factor (EF) excreted by promastigotes ofL. tropica andL. donovani. This study suggests thatLeishmania, an obligatory intracellular parasite, uses as a means of entering the host cell a cellular mechanism similar to that used in the removal of damaged cells from blood circulation. This mechanism is assumed to take advantage of the exposed sugars, particularly the exposed non-reducing galactose, on the parasite surface during the stage of attachment. Once the parasite is inside the cell, the EF it produces might have a protective function, being inhibitory to some of the host cell lysosomal enzymes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00927696
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phenotypic diversity of cloned lines ofLeishmania major promastigotes (1985)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 71 (1985), S. 141-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In vitro cultured promastigotes of virulent (V) and avirulent (A) cloned lines ofLeishmania major, and the parental isolate LRC-L137, were examined with respect to morphology, cell size, growth rate, and apparent DNA content. Growth rates of all lines were comparable and both virulent (V121, LRC-L137) and avirulent parasites (A12, A52, A59) exhibited a progressive decrease in apparent DNA content with time in culture, as measured by incorporation of Hoechst Dye 33342. The four cloned lines and the parental isolate showed differences in the content of morphological variants and in the mean body length. Morphologically, there were similarities between A12 and A52 and between A59 and V121. Promastigote populations were also examined for the expression of the target antigen of a previously characterized monoclonal antibody, WIC-79.3. This antibody binds to a membrane antigen that is also present in culture supernatants ofLeishmania of A1 serotype. Three different assays with culture supernatants all showed that V121, A59, and A12 were high producers with LRC-L137 and A52, low producers. Similar variation in expression of the 79.3 target antigen was detected in intact organisms of the various lines by immunofluorescence with flow cytometry. No simple correlation was found between the expression or release of the WIC-79.3 target antigen and virulence. The virulence or avirulence of all cloned lines for BALB/c mice remained stable. The data are discussed in terms of differentiation stages ofL. major promastigotes and the continuing search for morphological and biochemical markers of virulence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00926265
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  • 9
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    Parasite immunology and lymphocyte population dynamics (1986)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0022-5193
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-8541
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 10
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    Molecular archaeology: People, animals, and plants of the Holy Land (2007)
    Laser Pages Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0021-2164
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Laser Pages Publishing
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