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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enantiomeric excess and absolute configuration determination of cis-dihydrodiols from bacterial metabolism of monocyclic arenes (1991)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 113 (1991), S. 666-667 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00002a040
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from immature cotyledons of watermelon (1993)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 12 (1993), S. 61-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Citrullus lanatus ; cucurbits ; tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cotyledon expiants from immature embryos of five watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.)Matsum. & Nakai] genotypes were incubated in the dark for three weeks on a modified MS medium containing B5 vitamins, 2,4-D (10, 20 or 40μM), 0.5 μM of either BA or TDZ, and 7 g·1-1 TC agar. Somatic embryos, some with well developed cotyledons, were observed on cotyledon expiants three to four weeks after transfer to MS medium without PGRs and 16h photoperiod. The best PGR combination for somatic embryogenesis was 10 μM 2,4-D and 0.5 μM TDZ Somatic embryogenesis was greatest (30%) when cotyledon expiants were established from 18-day-old immature embryos. Somatic embryos were germinated on MS medium without PGRs. Plants were transferred to Magenta boxes containing ProMix for three weeks before being transplanted to the field where they formed fertile male and female flowers that produced normal fruit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00241935
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-efficiency somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from suspension cultures of grapevine (1999)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 18 (1999), S. 533-537 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key words Suspension cultures ; Proembryonic mass ; Somatic embryogenesis ; Vitis vinifera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Embryogenic suspensions of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) were initiated from somatic embryos of `Thompson Seedless' and `Chardonnay'. Suspension cultures consisted of proembryonic masses (PEM) that proliferated without differentiation in a medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). `Chardonnay' somatic embryos developed fully from PEMs following subculture in medium without 2,4-D; however, somatic embryo development did not advance beyond the heart stage in `Thompson Seedless' suspension cultures. Highly synchronized development of somatic embryos was obtained by inoculating 〈960-μm PEMs into liquid medium without 2,4-D. Somatic embryos were also produced in large numbers from suspension-derived PEMs of both cultivars on semisolid medium lacking 2,4-D. Somatic embryos matured and regenerated into plants in MS basal medium containing 3% sucrose. Using this method more than 60% of the somatic embryos regenerated plants. More than 90% of the regenerated plants were successfully transferred to the greenhouse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050617
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of leaf GPI and IDH isozymes to examine the origin of polyembryony in cultured ovules of seedless grape (1989)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 7 (1989), S. 669-672 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Isozyme analysis of young leaf tissue was performed on progeny produced from cultured ovules resulting from crosses of seedless × seedless grapes. Two polymorphic loci, Idh and Gpi-c, were found to segregate in a simple Mendelian fashion in the populations examined. Analyses of 70 seedlings indicated that most seedlings produced by this method were zygotic. Isozyme data of 11 plants from 5 polyembryonic ovules, along with data previously reported, suggest that several mechanisms may be operative in grape that give rise to polyembryony: 1) fertilization and development of more than one cell in the embryo sac, 2) adventive embryogenesis from the zygote, or 3) embryogenic development of gametic cells in addition to the zygote in the embryo sac.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00272057
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of melanin in fungal biosorption of tributyltin chloride (1990)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 34 (1990), S. 116-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Intact biomass of an albino and a melanic strain of Aureobacidium pullulans, as well as purified melanin from the latter strain, was capable of tributyltin chloride (TBTC) removal from solution. Melanized biomass had a greater biosorptive capacity than albino biomass, this difference being attributable to the presence of melanin. Purified melanin had a large capacity for TBTC biosorption, the calculated maximum uptake capacity, q e, being approximately 35 mmol (g dry wt)−1. TBTC biosorption by intact biomass and melanin obeyed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm over the concentration range used, and was relatively unaffected by external pH between pH 3.5 and 6.5: an approximate 20% decrease in TBTC biosorption resulted at external pH 2.5. A TBTC concentration of 0.3 μM in growth medium resulted in a lag period which was longer with the albino strain (approximately 50 h) than with the pigmented strain (approximately 25 h). The addition of melanin to TBTC-containing growth media resulted in a reduction in toxicity and attainment of higher cell yields. The applied and environmental significance of these interactions are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00170934
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In-vitro selection of Vitis vinifera `Chardonnay' with Elsinoe ampelina culture filtrate is accompanied by fungal resistance and enhanced secretion of chitinase (2000)
    Springer
    Planta 211 (2000), S. 200-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words: Anthracnose ; Disease resistance (grapevine) ; Proembryogenic mass ; Vitis (disease resistance)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract.  Proembryogenic masses of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) `Chardonnay' (clone 02Ch) were exposed to the culture filtrate of Elsinoe ampelina (deBary) Shear, the causal agent of anthracnose disease. After four or five cycles of recurrent in-vitro selection with medium containing 40% fungal culture filtrate, putative resistant lines RC 1 and RC 2 respectively, were established. The selected lines inhibited the growth of E. ampelina and Fusarium oxysporium (Schlecht.) (isolated from watermelon) in a dual-culture assay and reduced the growth of mycelium on a conditioned-medium test, thus suggesting the involvement of extracellular compounds in resistance. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide (SDS-PAGE) gel electrophoresis of extracellular proteins from spent suspension-culture medium showed enhanced secretion of new proteins by selected lines. A 36-kDa protein was immunodetected by a chitinase antiserum. This chitinase continued to express constitutively in differentiated somatic embryos and also in the intercellular fluids of plants regenerated from the selected lines. Somatic embryos from selected lines grew uninhibitedly in a medium containing 40% fungal culture filtrate, whereas non-selected (control) somatic embryos became necrotic and died within a few days. Plants regenerated from selected lines exhibited resistance to infection by E. ampelina in both greenhouse tests and detached leaf bioassays. Results suggest that embryogenic cells can be selected for resistance following in-vitro selection, resulting in resistant plants. Whether or not resistant cells pre-existed in the original embryogenic culture or were induced by the selection pressure could not be determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250000285
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Somatic embryogenesis for agricultural improvement (1995)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 11 (1995), S. 416-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Genetic transformation ; micropropagation ; somaclonal variation ; synthetic seed
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Many important food and fibre crops have attained close to their maximum yields as a result of conventional breeding approaches and advances in agronomic and horticultural practices. The manipulation of cell and tissue cultures to produce somatic embryos efficiently is one of the keystones of the new technologies that will greatly alter the way crops are planted (as synthetic seed) and genetically altered in the future. Gene transfer into embryogenic plant cells is already challenging conventional plant breeding, and has become an indispensable tool for crop improvement. This review provides a current assessment of the impact of somatic embryogenesis in agriculture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00364617
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of dicamba and casein hydrolysate on somatic embryo number and culture quality in cell suspensions of Dactylis glomerata (Gramineae) (1985)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 4 (1985), S. 123-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Dactylis glomerata ; orchardgrass ; suspension culture ; somatic embryogenesis ; dicamba ; casein hydrolysate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of various concentrations and combinations of dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) and casein hydrolysate on growth, mucilage accumulation, somatic embryo and root development in suspension cultures of Dactylis glomerata L. (orchardgrass) were examined. Fresh weight of culture tissue was increased with 20 μM but not with 80 or 160 μM dicamba in treatments with 1–4 g/l casein hydrolysate. Different casein hydrolysate concentrations did not alter the amount of mucilage (measured by viscosity) in the supernatant in the absence of dicamba. However, the addition of dicamba increased viscosity with 80 μM giving the maximum response. Casein hydrolysate produced the greatest viscosity at 1–3 g/l in treatments where dicamba was present. Both dicamba and casein hydrolysate were required for development of somatic embryos. Dicamba at 40 μM with 3–4 g/l casein hydrolysate produced approximately 2000 embryos/35 ml of suspension. Root development was inhibited by dicamba and stimulated by the presence of casein hydrolysate. The usefulness of medium component manipulations for influencing somatic embryogenesis and culture quality is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00042270
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro micropropagation and plant establishment of muscadine grape cultivars (Vitis rotundifolia) (1991)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 27 (1991), S. 7-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: plant regeneration ; propagation ; tissue culture ; viticulture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Shoot apical meristems were used to establish regenerative axillary bud cultures of 9 muscadine grape cultivars. Meristems taken from 10 cm long shoots had less contamination (3%) and a higher survival rate (94%) than those from shorter or longer shoots. Of media tested, MS, 1/2 MS, and C2D resulted in equivalent shoot proliferation rates, whereas, WPM produced stunted shoots. When pooling results for 3 cultivars, 5, 10 and 20 μM BA and 5 μM TDZ produced the highest average number of shoots per cultured apex (3.4–3.8). However, shoots produced with TDZ were stunted and did not root well. For rooting of shoots directly in potting mix, a rooting powder pretreatment significantly increased the number of roots per shoot but did not affect percent rooting or root length. For rooting in vitro, 1 μM NAA significantly increased all parameters measured. Although more shoots rooted in vitro than in vivo (77% vs. 46%), the latter was judged preferable since acclimatized plants were produced in less time and a major culture step was eliminated. Significant differences among cultivars were noted for measured responses in all experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00048199
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple protocol for micropropagating diploid and tetraploid watermelon using shoot-tip explants (1993)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 33 (1993), S. 211-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Citrullus ; seedless watermelon ; triploid watermelon ; tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Shoot-tip explants from 21-day-old aseptically-germinated watermelon seedlings were incubated on solidified MS medium containing test concentrations of benzyladenine (BA) and kinetin (each at 0, 1, 5 or 10 µM), and thidiazuron (TDZ; 0, 0.1, 1 or 5 µM) for 8 weeks. Approximately 1.5x–2.8x more axillary shoots formed at the optimum BA level (1 µM) compared to the best TDZ (0.1 µM) or kinetin (10 µM) concentration. The ability of various diploid and tetraploid genotypes to undergo prolonged axillary shoot proliferation on medium with 1 µM BA was examined. Among the genotypes tested, the number of axillary shoots per explant was greater for ‘Bush Jubilee’ and ‘Jubilee II’ than for ‘Minilee’, ‘Dixielee’, and the tetraploid genotypes. For a majority of the genotypes tested, the number of shoots per explant was low (2.7–4.0) during the first month of culture, peaked (5.3–12.5) at 2 to 3 months, and then declined (3.7–7.7) at 6 months. In contrast, the number of shoots per explant was greatest (11.7) for ‘Bush Jubilee’ during the first month of culture and declined to 7.7 by the sixth subculture. The percentage of rooted shoots varied from 60% to 100% and the percentage of acclimatized plants ranged from 21% to 96% depending on the genotype and the length of time in culture. Using this procedure, 13,200 finished plants could be produced in 3 months from 250 seedlings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01983236
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