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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RAPD linkage mapping of the shell thickness locus in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) (2000)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 100 (2000), S. 63-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Elaeis guineensis ; RAPD ; Pseudo-testcross ; Genetic linkage map ; bulked segregant analysis ; Shell thickness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Shell thickness is an important trait in oil palm breeding programs and is the basis for the classification of the varieties of oil palm into the types dura, tenera and pisifera. This trait seems to be controlled by a single locus, with two alleles (sh + and sh −) showing codominant expression. Two single-tree linkage maps were constructed for a maternal tenera (sh + sh −) palm and for a paternal pisifera (sh − sh −) palm using the pseudo-testcross mapping strategy in combination with RAPD markers through the analysis of an F1 tenera×pisifera progeny. A total of 308 arbitrary primers were screened in a sample of eight F1 plants and 121 markers were detected in a testcross configuration. An average of 1.66 polymorphic marker per selected primer were identified in this cross. At LOD 5.0 (with some few exceptions) and θ=0.25 the maternal tenera map included a total of 48 markers distributed in 12 linkage groups or pairs of markers (449.3 cM) while the paternal pisifera map included 42 markers distributed in 15 linkage groups or pairs of markers (399.7 cM). We used RAPD and bulked segregant analysis (BSA) to identify markers more tightly linked to the sh + locus. A total of 174 new primers not previously used in the linkage analysis were screened using bulks of DNA extracted from plants selected for the contrasting shell-thickness phenotypes. Two RAPD markers (R11–1282 and T19–1046) were identified to be linked on both sides of the sh + locus on linkage group 4. The estimated map distances from sh + to R11–1282 and to T19–1046 were 17.5 cM and 23.9 cM, respectively. The results demonstrate the usefulness of RAPD markers and the pseudo-testcross mapping strategy for developing genetic linkage information, and constitute an important step towards early marker-assisted selection for shell thickness in oil palm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050009
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic mapping of QTLs controlling vegetative propagation in Eucalyptus grandis and E. urophylla using a pseudo-testcross strategy and RAPD markers (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 933-947 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: RAPD ; Pseudo-testcross ; Eucalyptus ; QTL ; Vegetative propagation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have extended the combined use of the “pseudo-testcross” mapping strategy and RAPD markers to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling traits related to vegetative propagation in Eucalyptus. QTL analyses were performed using two different interval mapping approaches, MAPMAKER-QTL (maximum likelihood) and QTL-STAT (non-linear least squares). A total of ten QTLs were detected for micropropagation response (measured as fresh weight of shoots, FWS), six for stump sprouting ability (measured as # stump sprout cuttings, #Cutt) and four for rooting ability (measured as % rooting of cuttings, %Root). With the exception of three QTLs, both interval-mapping methods yielded similar results in terms of QTL detection. Discrepancies in the most likely QTL location were observed between the two methods. In 75% of the cases the most likely position was in the same, or in an adjacent, interval. Standardized gene substitution effects for the QTLs detected were typically between 0.46 and 2.1 phenotypic standard deviations (σp), while differences between the family mean and the favorable QTL genotype were between 0.25 and 1.07 (σp). Multipoint estimates of the total genetic variation explained by the QTLs (89.0% for FWS, 67.1 % for#Cutt, 62.7% for %Root) indicate that a large proportion of the variation in these traits is controlled by a relatively small number of major-effect QTLs. In this cross, E. grandis is responsible for most of the inherited variation in the ability to form shoots, while E. urophylla contributes most of the ability in rooting. QTL mapping in the pseudo-testcross configuration relies on withinfamily linkage disequilibrium to establish marker/trait associations. With this approach QTL analysis is possible in any available full-sib family generated from undomesticated and highly heterozygous organisms such as forest trees. QTL mapping on two-generation pedigrees opens the possibility of using already existing families in retrospective QTL analyses to gather the quantitative data necessary for marker-assisted tree breeding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222906
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development, characterization and mapping of microsatellite markers in Eucalyptus grandis and E. urophylla (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 97 (1998), S. 816-827 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) ; Microsatellite ; Linkage map ; Eucalyptus grandis ; E. urophylla
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  We report on the development, genetic characterization and linkage mapping of a battery of SSR (simple sequence repeat) loci in Eucalyptus grandis and E. urophylla. This study reveals the abundance of SSRs in Eucalyptus, the very high information content of these markers for mapping and individual identification, and demonstrates the feasibility of constructing a comprehensive microsatellite-based linkage map for Eucalyptus. Primer sequence for a set of 20 highly informative EMBRA (Eucalyptus microsatellites from Brazil) loci are made available together with their map position and estimates of the expected heterozygosity and allele size range in these two species. Using genomic library enrichment and anchored-PCR screening prior to sequencing, the efficiency of SSR marker locus development was 63% from sequencing data to operationally useful SSR loci. Absolute transportability between the two species and very high levels of allelic variability and expected heterozygosity (H) were seen at all SSR loci surveyed. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 9 to 26 with an average of 16.3±4.8. The average H of 15 loci was 0.86±0.04, 0.83±0.08 and 0.89±0.04, respectively, for E. urophylla, E. grandis and the combined two-species estimate. In the mapping analysis 16 out of 20 marker loci segregated in a fully informative configuration, allowing the determination of synteny of six homologous linkage groups between the two species. The availability of transportable, multiallelic, PCR-based co-dominant SSR loci represents a dramatic improvement in our ability to carry out detailed population genetic analysis and to search, understand, and manipulate allelic variation at QTLs (quantitative trait loci) in species of Eucalyptus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050961
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of outcrossing rate in a breeding population of Eucalyptus urophylla with dominant RAPD and AFLP markers (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 95 (1997), S. 842-849 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Mating system ; AFLP ; RAPD ; Eucalyptus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Eucalyptus breeding is typically conducted by selection in open-pollinated progenies. As mating is controlled only on the female side of the cross, knowledge of outcrossing versus selfing rates is essential for maintaining adequate levels of genetic variability for continuous gains. Outcrossing rate in an open-pollinated breeding population of Eucalyptus urophylla was estimated by two PCR-based dominant marker technologies, RAPD and AFLP, using 11 open-pollinated progeny arrays of 24 individuals. Estimated outcrossing rates indicate predominant outcrossing and suggest maintenance of adequate genetic variability within families. The multilcous outcrossing rate (tm) estimated from RAPD markers (0.93±0.027), although in the same range, was higher (α〉0.01) than the estimate based on AFLP (0.89±0.033). Both estimates were of similar magnitude to those estimated for natural populations using isozymes. The estimated Wright’s fixation index was lower than expected based on tm possibly resulting from selection against selfed seedlings when sampling plants for the study. An empirical analysis suggests that 18 is the minimum number of dominant marker loci necessary to achieve robust estimates of tm. This study demonstrates the usefulness of dominant markers, both RAPD and AFLP, for estimating the outcrossing rate in breeding and natural populations of forest trees. We anticipate an increasing use of such PCR-based technologies in mating-system studies, in view of their high throughput and universality of the reagents, particularly for species where isozyme systems have not yet been optimized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050634
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic linkage maps of Citrus sunki Hort. ex. Tan. and Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. and mapping of citrus tristeza virus resistance gene (1999)
    Springer
    Euphytica 109 (1999), S. 25-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Citrus sunki ; citrus tristeza virus resistance ; linkage maps ; Poncirus trifoliata ; RAPDs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A linkage map for Citrus sunki Hort. ex. Tan. and Poncirus trifoliate (L.) Raf cv. Rubidoux has been developed exploiting the pseudo-testcross mapping strategy and RAPD markers. From controlled crosses 314 F1 zygotic progeny individuals were obtained. Two separate data sets were generated, one for each parent. Preliminary linkage analysis was carried out with a phase-unknown backcross model at a LOD 〉 4.0 and max. Θ = 0.30. A total of 203 arbitrary 10-mer primers and 5 arbitrary 8-mer primers were screened for segregating RAPD markers. Pseudo-testcrosss mating configurations were displayed by 78 primers where the marker was present in one parent, absent in the other and segregating in the progeny. These 78 primers were run on 80 individuals of the progeny amplifying a total of 169 RAPD markers. Linkage analysis revealed that 125 of these RAPD loci fell into 18 linkage groups (10 groups for ‘Sunki’ and 8 groups for ‘Rubidoux’) while 44 loci remained unassigned to any linkage group. The total length of the maps was 732.32 cM for ‘Sunki’ and 866.88 cM for ‘Rubidoux’ with the distance between markers ranging from 0 to 43.8 cM. Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) was used to identify potential resistance-associated RAPD fragment markers. Two RAPD fragments were found flanking the CTV gene (OPAV12_470 – 17.8 cM and OPN15_1630 – 23.1 cM).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003637116745
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  • 6
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    Nuclear DNA content of commercially important Eucalyptus species and hybrids (1994)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-05-01
    Description: This paper reports the nuclear DNA content estimates obtained by flow cytometry for a group of twelve Eucalyptus species and five fast-growing hybrids that includes those most widely planted throughout the world. Estimates of nuclear (2C) DNA content for the species surveyed ranged from 0.77 pg/2C for Eucalyptuscitriodora Hook. (subgenus Corymbia) to 1.47 pg/2C for Eucalyptussaligna Smith (subgenus Symphyomyrtus). This range corresponds to a haploid genome size range of 370–700 megabase pairs. The average physical equivalent of a 1 cM distance could be as low as 200 kilobase pairs in Eucalyptus, an attractive feature for positional cloning efforts in woody plants. The closer the species were in phylogenetic relationship the more similar were their nuclear DNA content values. All the interspecific hybrids surveyed displayed a nuclear DNA content in the expected intermediate range between the respective parental species, with the exception of one originating from Rio Claro, Brazil, whose exact parentage is unknown. No evidence of polyploidy was observed in any of the hybrids. The flow cytometry procedure employed in this study is an efficient method for investigating ploidy levels of high yielding hybrids of Eucalyptus.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 7
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    Assessing the expected response to genomic selection of individuals and families in Eucalyptus breeding with an additive-dominant model (2017)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-05
    Print ISSN: 0018-067X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2540
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer Nature
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