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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chicken liver amidophosphoribosyltransferas Ligand-induced alterations in molecular properties
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    BBA - Protein Structure 581 (1979), S. 142-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-2795
    Keywords: (Chicken liver) ; Amidophosphoribosyltransferase ; Ligand-induced alteration
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0005-2795(79)90231-9
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Specific Changes of Urinary Excretion of Cross-Linked N-Telopeptides of Type I Collagen in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women: Correlation with Other Markers of Bone Turnover (1997)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 60 (1997), S. 317 -322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Type I collagen — N-telopeptides — Bone resorption — Pyridinolines — Menopause.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Urinary excretion of cross-linked N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx) has been reported to be a specific marker of bone resorption [18]. We assessed a new immunoassay for NTx as an indicator of changes in bone resorption caused by spontaneous menopause and compared cross-sectionally the levels of urinary NTx, hydroxylysylpyridinoline (HP), lysylpyridinoline (LP), hydroxyproline (OH-Pr), other serum biochemical indices, and lumbar spine and proximal femur bone mineral density (BMD). Eighty-one Japanese women aged 22–77 participated in this study; 36 were premenopausal and 45 were postmenopausal. Urinary HP, LP, and NTx stayed at low levels in the premenopausal period and rose 21%, 30%, and 67% in the postmenopausal period, respectively. The rise in LP and NTx was statistically significant (P 〈 0.01), suggesting that NTx is mostly released from bone matrix when bone resorption is accelerated. When premenopausal women were divided into two age groups and postmenopausal women were divided into two groups according to years since menopause (YSM) there were significant differences in LP and NTx between women 〈4 YSM and women aged 〈40 and those women aged 41+ (P 〈 0.01 and P 〈 0.05, respectively). A significant 110% increase in urinary NTx and a 48% increase in urinary LP were observed in postmenopausal women compared with age-matched premenopausal women aged 45–55. All biochemical markers other than serum PTH correlated significantly with each other (r = 0.243–0.858, P 〈 0.05–0.0001). Urinary NTx inversely correlated with lumbar spine BMD. When postmenopausal women were divided into three groups, the correlation between bone resorption and formation markers in women 0-1 YSM was greater than in women 2–10 YSM and in women 11 + YSM, indicating that resorption and formation are coupled at the early postmenopausal period. We conclude that urinary NTx is responsive to changes in bone metabolism caused by estrogen deficiency and may be a more sensitive and specific marker than HP, LP, or OH-Pr in the early postmenopausal years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900235
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differences in Bone Resorption after Menopause in Japanese Women with Normal or Low Bone Mineral Density: Quantitation of Urinary Cross-Linked N-Telopeptides (1998)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 62 (1998), S. 395-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Type I-N-telopeptides — Bone resorption — Bone mineral density — Menopause — Osteoporosis.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The objective of this study was to examine the value of NTx, a urinary cross-linked N-telopeptides of type I collagen, as a marker of bone resorption. We assessed changes in pre- and postmenopausal bone resorption by evaluating the correlation of NTx with L2–4 bone mineral density (BMD) in a total of 1100 Japanese women, aged 19–80 years [272 premenopausal (45.2 ± 6.2 years) and 828 postmenopausal (59.5 ± 6.2 years)]. Postmenopausal women were divided into three groups based on the range of BMD (normal, osteopenic, and osteoporotic). Within each group, subjects were further segregated according to years since menopause (YSM). NTx values were then evaluated for each group. Our results showed that BMD was significantly decreased (P 〈 0.05) and NTx was significantly increased (P 〈 0.01) after menopause in age-matched analysis. Consistent with a previous report, NTx was inversely correlated with BMD for the entire cohort of study subjects (r =−0.299), although NTx correlated better with premenopausal than postmenopausal BMD (r =−0.240 versus r =−0.086). This may have been due to the fact that elevated values of NTx were exhibited over the entire range of BMD present in the postmenopausal women, suggesting that NTx might respond faster to the estrogen withdrawal than BMD. In all postmenopausal women, regardless of the range of BMD, the increase in NTx reached a peak within 5 YSM. After 11 YSM, however, NTx remained elevated in the osteoporotic group but it decreased in the osteopenic group, and showed no significant change in the group of postmenopausal women with normal BMD. These findings suggest that bone resorption is dramatically increased within 5 years after menopause but remains increased only in osteoporotic women.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900451
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Heterogeneity in Serum Osteocalcin N-Terminal Fragments in Paget's Disease: A Comparison with Other Biochemical Indices in Pre- and Postmenopause (1998)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 63 (1998), S. 459-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: N-terminal osteocalcin — Heterogeneity — Paget's disease — Bone turnover — Pre- and postmenopause.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. An osteocalcin (OC) nitrogen (N)-terminal sandwich enzyme immunoassay that employs anit-N-20 (amino acids 1–20) polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies has been developed. This assay has demonstrated the existence of a heterogeneity in the OC N-terminal fragments observed in the serum of a patient with Paget's disease and a normal child. The elevation of the serum OC N-terminal value that occurs in Paget's disease was considered to be comparable to the serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) elevations that also occur. The size of the peaks corresponding to N-terminal OC fragments in Paget's serum decreased 3 months after bisphosphonate treatment. Serum levels of OC N-terminals, and other biochemical indices, were determined for 67 premenopausal and 181 postmenopausal Japanese women. Serum OC N-terminal levels increased significantly (41.2%) in postmenopausal women compared with age-matched premenopausal women. These results strongly suggest that serum OC N-terminal levels reflect bone turnover rates when bone resorption is dominant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900558
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Urinary biochemical markers for bone resorption during the menstrual cycle (1995)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 57 (1995), S. 100-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Type I-N-telopeptides ; Menstrual cycle ; Pyridinolines ; Bone resorption ; Hydroxyproline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In order to analyze the effects of serum ovarian steroid hormones on bone metabolism during the menstrual cycle, we have measured urinary levels of type I collagen cross-linked N-telopeptide (NTx), hydroxylysylpyridinoline (HP), lysylpyridinoline (LP), and hydroxyproline (OH-Pr) in nine healthy Japanese women, aged 22–43 years, with normal ovarian function. The cycles were synchronized by serum LH peaks, and follicular and luteal periods were normalized by lengths. Serum gonadotropins and ovarian sex steroids showed significantly different cyclic variations during the menstrual periods. Urinary NTx remained unchanged during the early follicular period, showed a rise during the mid- and late follicular period, and a fall during the mid- and late luteal periods. There were significant differences in NTx levels between early follicular period and midfollicular period (P〈0.01), or late follicular period (P〈0.05), and between early luteal period and late luteal period (P〈0.05). The levels of HP and LP showed a rise during the early and midfollicular periods and a fall during the midluteal period. The correlation of NTx with urinary OH-Pr was better than with urinary HP or LP (r=0.731 versus r=0.449 or r=0.634). This variation suggests that cyclic changes in serum ovarian sex steroids might modulate bone resorption markers during the menstrual cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298428
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early and Late Postmenopausal Bone Loss is Associated with BsmI Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphism in Japanese Women (1999)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 64 (1999), S. 102-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Vitamin D receptor — Bone loss — Genetics — Amplification refractory mutation system — Menopause.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. To determine whether vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms are associated with bone mineral density (BMD) and bone loss in the Japanese population, VDR BsmI RFLPs were analyzed in 191 postmenopausal Japanese women by comparing B allele and b allele DNA sequences, and a point mutation was confirmed. We examined VDR BsmI restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) with an amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) using this point of mutation. The frequency of VDR BsmI alleles in the Japanese population was significantly different from that in whites. The bb genotype was identified in 79.6%, of the subjects, the Bb genotype in 19.3%, and the BB genotype was in only 1.1%. We find no significant differences in lumbar spine baseline BMD between the bb genotype and the Bb genotype. In both early and late postmenopausal periods, serial measurements of vertebral BMD revealed that subjects with the Bb genotype lost BMD faster than those with the bb genotype (P= 0.001). We conclude that there is a significant relationship between RFLPs of BsmI VDR and the annual rates of bone loss during early and late postmenopausal periods in the Japanese population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900586
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification and Characterization of Bone-Specific Alkaline Phosphatase from a Human Osteosarcoma Cell Line (1998)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 62 (1998), S. 67-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase — Purification — Saos-2 cell — Serial lectin affinity chromatography.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bone ALP) levels are considered to reflect osteoblastic activity and can therefore be used as a marker of bone formation. However, bone ALP is difficult to distinguish from other ALP isoforms since the kidney, liver, and bone isoenzymes are encoded by the same gene and only differ because of post-translational modification of their carbohydrate side chains. The aim of this study was to purify and separate bone ALP which could be used to raise specific antisera against human bone ALP, from Saos-2, a human osteogenic sarcoma cell line. The procedure involved two steps. The first step, cultivation of 105 Saos-2 cells, yielded approximately 1 U ALP. Subsequent butanol extraction achieved 1.82-fold purification. For the second step, separating bone ALP, we used serial lectin affinity chromatography to distinguish between the carbohydrate side chains of the various ALP isoforms. A sample of the butanol extract was fractionated into three peaks (I, II, and III) by concanavalin A. Peaks II and III were subsequently identified as types IIa and IIIb bone ALP using pea lectin and wheat germ agglutinin columns, respectively. The specific activity of bone ALP was measured using commercial kits. Since bone ALP accounted for at least 84% of the total ALP activity after the final separation, this method appears more convenient and reproducible than others using bone or Pagetic sera. The bone ALP purified in this study could be used to raise monoclonal antibodies against bone-specific ALP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900396
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early Postmenopausal Bone Loss is Prevented by Estrogen and Partially by 1α-OH-vitamin D3: Therapeutic Effects of Estrogen and/or 1α-OH-vitamin D3 (1999)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 65 (1999), S. 16-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Estrogen — 1α(OH)D3— Early postmenopause — Lumbar spine BMD — Femoral neck BMD.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. A total of 79 Japanese women who were within 5 years of menopause were randomly assigned 1α-hydroxyvitamin D3 [1α(OH)D3] 1.0 μg/day, conjugated estrogens 0.625 mg/day, a combination of both, or control (no treatment). Lumbar spine and proximal femur bone mineral density (BMD) and biochemical indices were monitored over 2 years. In the 1α(OH)D3-treated group, there was a nonsignificant decrease in lumbar spine BMD compared with controls, and no significant loss in the femoral neck compared with controls. In the estrogen-treated group, there was a nonsignificant increase in spine BMD (+2.17% in the first year and +1.71% in the second year), and no loss in femoral neck BMD. The combination of conjugated estrogens +1α(OH)D3 was more effective in increasing BMD in the spine (+3.68% in the first year and +3.63% in the second year) and femur (+2.56% in the first year and +4.44% in the second year) BMD. There was a significant difference in lumbar spine BMD in both the first and second years between the combination-treated group and the 1α(OH)D3-treated and control groups (P 〈 0.01). Serum osteocalcin (OC) significantly decreased in the combination-treated group (−23.8% in the first year) and the estrogen-treated group (−37.6% and −41.2% at 6 and 18 months, respectively), and serum alkaline phosphatase (Alp) decreased significantly in the first year in the combination-treated (−31.5%), estrogen-treated (−27.3%), and 1α(OH)D3-treated (−7.9%) groups, whereas serum OC increased (+45.4% in the first year) in women without treatment. The results of this study indicate that early postmenopausal bone loss in the femoral neck is prevented by conjugated estrogens, 1α(OH)D3, or both, whereas bone loss in the spine is not prevented by 1α(OH)D3. Estrogen proves effective in preventing early postmenopausal bone loss by markedly inhibiting bone turnover. Moreover, a synergistic bone-sparing effect can be expected when estrogen is administered concomitantly with 1α(OH)D3 rather than when used alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900651
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