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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic force scanning tunneling microscopy of high density recording : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 6180-6182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The magnetic force scanning tunneling microscope has been used to investigate the characteristics of magnetization patterns on rigid thin-film disk media, having wavelengths in the range from 20 to 1 μm. The images, which directly exhibit magnetic field distributions, compare favorably with a theoretical model that incorporates the ratio of the transition length relative to the bit length. The profiles of the long to intermediate wavelength patterns were analyzed to obtain estimates for the transition length parameter. At high recording densities, our results suggest two major contributing effects responsible for signal loss: (a) reduction in the magnetization and (b) "bit cluster formation.'' As the wavelength is decreased, the tracks eventually lose the capability to retain the recorded pattern, and merely appear as a more or less random distribution of localized "magnetic patches'' on the surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352690
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental testing of point-charge model of magnetic force scanning tunneling microscopy : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 5796-5798 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A magnetic force scanning tunneling microscopy technique for imaging of magnetization patterns is briefly described and a "point-charge model'' for this technique is stated. This model is experimentally tested by comparing the measured images of some deliberately recorded magnetization patterns with the images theoretically computed for the same patterns on the basis of the point-charge model. The good agreement between experimentally measured and theoretically computed images is found. This agreement suggests the validity of the point-charge model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353580
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microscopic investigations of overwritten data : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 6001-6003 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The magnetic field distributions of overwritten patterns on rigid thin film disk media have been imaged with submicron resolution by using the magnetic force scanning tunneling microscope. The capability of the device to measure fields locally is exploited to quantitatively understand the conditions under which portions of overwritten data can remain and be detectable. The persistence and retrievability of previously recorded data are related to the radial offset of the head during overwrite for patterns created at high and low recording densities. It is observed that at high densities, for offsets less than 2 μm, overwritten transitions affect the newly written patterns by inducing track width modulation along its edges. At low densities, the track width variations are less noticeable, but can be elucidated by examining the detailed geometrical structure of overwritten patterns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353500
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetization image reconstruction from magnetic force scanning tunneling microscopy images : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 5799-5801 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The problem of magnetization image reconstruction from magnetic force scanning tunneling microscopy images is discussed. The reconstruction problem is reduced to some convolution-type integral equations and analytical solutions to these equations are obtained by using the standard Fourier transform technique. The theoretical discussion is illustrated with some numerical examples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353581
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Domain wall motion in micron-sized permalloy elements (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 4598-4600 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The magnetization reversal process in an array micron sized NiFe patterns was studied using magnetic force microscopy in the presence of external fields. The behavior of the magnetization distribution was correlated with the aspect ratio and the direction of the applied fields. Magnetizing along the hard axis was found to produce solenoidal magnetization at remanence while applying the field along the easy axis tend to form nonsolenoidal configurations. The micromagnetic evolution, which involved domain wall, crosstie, and vortex displacements, was studied and the correlations were consistent with previously reported M–H loop observations and theoretical predictions. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.370420
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An analysis of magnetization patterns measured using a magnetic force scanning tunneling microscope (abstract) : 38th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 6891-6891 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In a previous paper, we made a complete analysis of the interaction between the probe tip of a magnetic force scanning tunneling microscope (MFSTM) and the magnetic fields emanating from a typical recorded pattern. In this paper we show how the magnetization distribution in the recorded media can be determined from the measurements by obtaining expressions for the magnetic fields from a Fourier series expansion for the recorded magnetizations. We have used these techniques to find the magnetic fields from many different distributions, including all those we could find in the literature. The probe tip displacement, which is the quantity measured using the MFSTM, can be calculated using these magnetic fields. The results can then be compared to the experimental data. For one set of experiments on high density recording we have found that the best fit is with a magnetization that has a modified arctan transition. The modification eliminates the discontinuity in the slope of the transitions as they are joined together, giving a more realistic representation of the magnetic distribution. The transition width can then be used as an adjustable parameter to find the best fit to the data. The MFSTM can, therefore, be used as a quantitative tool to find the magnetic recording transition widths. These theoretical techniques are not necessarily restricted to the use of a MFSTM, but can be applied to other problems in magnetic recording. For instance, we show how the probe tip displacement corresponds to the flux picked up by a conventional read head. The response of the head as a function of different magnetization patterns can then be studied and compared to experimental results. The measurable quantities are expressed in Fourier series but we show how these series can be easily evaluated with a PC and the appropriate software.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356770
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Switching characteristics of submicron cobalt islands (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 342-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The magnetic characteristics of 0.2×0.4×0.02 μm3 cobalt islands were investigated using magnetic force microscopy in the presence of an applied field. The islands were noninteracting and showed a wide variety of single and multidomain configurations. The distribution of magnetization directions supports earlier models which suggest that crystalline anisotropy plays a dominant role in establishing a dispersion of easy axis directions about the long axis of the particles. The magnetic evolution, involving rotation and switching of individual islands, was observed at various points along the microscopic magnetization curve. A magnetization curve of an ensemble of islands was derived from the images and compares remarkably well with macroscopic M–H measurements. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362787
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Component-resolved imaging of surface magnetic fields : 38th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 5910-5912 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Successful imaging is demonstrated of the three individual Cartesian components of the vector magnetic field from a magnetized surface. This is accomplished by exploiting the capability of the magnetic force scanning tunneling microscope to generate two-dimensional mapping of definite combinations of orthogonal magnetic-field components. This method is applied to well-characterized patterns on thin-film longitudinal recording media and some peculiar characteristics of recorded magnetization patterns are found, including the presence of a significant cross-track magnetization component persisting along the track edges. The experimental approach and the unique physical insights acquired by simultaneously investigating individual magnetic-field components are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.355559
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computation of magnetic fields from recording surfaces with multiple tracks : 38th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 5759-5761 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Calculations of the magnetic fields emanating from a recorded surface that contains an infinite number of identical tracks are presented. The solutions are obtained by assuming that the magnetization is uniform through the thickness of the film and can be represented by Fourier series in the other two dimensions. Solutions are obtained for both longitudinal and vertical recording. To make these calculations useful Fourier distributions are obtained with arctan transitions that are both representative and easy to use. These magnetic fields are then used to calculate the voltage from an idealized reproduce head. Effects on the output voltage caused by track width, track separation, head registration, and transition lengths can then be calculated. Examples are given and it is shown that the effects can be large, compared to the usual infinite track width calculations, when the track width or the track separation become comparable to the recorded wavelength.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.355606
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling MFM images of periodic magnetization patterns (abstract) : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 6063-6063 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) is a powerful technique that has gained wide acceptance in the imaging of magnetization patterns. However, MFM images are "raw'' images, and they are not necessarily identical to the original images of the magnetization patterns. In an attempt to investigate the relationship between the raw images and the magnetization patterns, we present a theoretical analysis of the MFM images through numerical computations. In this way, we show the dependence of the images on both the orientation of the probe's magnetic moment and the interaction between the probe moment and the sample magnetic fields. For a pure sinusoidal magnetization pattern, a vertical orientation of the MFM probe's magnetic moment will yield images that follow the magnetic charge density distribution, while a horizontal orientation of the probe will yield MFM images that follow the magnetization patterns themselves. We investigate the deviation from this correlation between the images and the magnetization distribution when magnetization patterns are not purely sinusoidal. Computations are performed for periodic patterns with linear and arctangent transitions. To model the interaction of the tip with the sample's magnetic fields, we model the tip as a Stoner–Wohlfarth particle. This allows us to investigate how the tip–sample interaction may distort the MFM image. Our modeling suggests that in general there is no direct correlation between the raw MFM image and the actual magnetization distribution. This makes a strong case for the implementation of image reconstruction techniques. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362092
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