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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strategy for water analysis using ICP-MS (2000)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 368 (2000), S. 601-606 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The developed strategy permits determination in three steps of sixty-seven elements using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Sodium, Mg, Si, S, Cl, K, and Ca are determined in a first step; ¶B, Al, P, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Ag, Cd, Sb, Ba, Hg, and Pb are determined in a second step; and Li, Be, Ti, V, Co, Ga, Ge, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sn, Te, I, Cs, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Pt, Au, Tl, Bi, Th, and U are analyzed in a third step. The figures of merit obtained are adequate to carry out water quality monitoring and other hydrochemical studies, such those based in the application of hydrochemical fingerprinting to water management.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160000552
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
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    Subduction-related enrichment of the Neapolitan volcanoes (Southern Italy) mantle source: New constraints on the characteristics of the slab-derived components (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-12
    Description: The Neapolitan volcanic area (Southern Italy), which includes the Phlegrean Volcanic District and the Somma– Vesuvius complex, has been the site of intense Plio-Quaternary magmatic activity and has produced volcanic rocks with a subduction-related geochemical and isotopic signature. High-Mg, K-basaltic lithic lava fragments dispersed within hydromagmatic tuff of the Solchiaro eruption (Procida Island) provide constraints on the nature and role of both the mantle source prior to enrichment and the subduction-related components. The geochemical data (Nb/Yb, Nb/Y, Zr/Hf) indicate a pre-enrichment source similar to that of enriched MORB mantle. In order to constrain the characteristics of subducted slab-derived components added to this mantle sector, new geochemical and Sr–Nd-isotopic data have been acquired on meta-sediments and pillow lavas from Timpa delle Murge ophiolites. These represent fragments of Tethyan oceanic crust (basalts and sediments) obducted during the Apennine orogeny, and may be similar to sediments subducted during the closure of the Tethys Ocean. Based on trace element compositions (e.g., Th/Nd, Nb/Th, Yb/Th and Ba/Th) and Nd-isotopic ratio, we hypothesize the addition of several distinct subducted slab-derived components to the mantle wedge: partial melts from shales and limestones, and aqueous fluids from shales, but the most important contribution is provided by melts from pelitic sediments. Also, trace elements and Sr–Nd-isotopic ratios seem to rule out a significant role for altered oceanic crust. Modeling based on variations of trace elements and isotopic ratios indicates that the pre-subduction mantle source of the Phlegrean Volcanic District and Somma–Vesuvius was enriched by 2–4% of subducted slab-derived components. This enrichment event might have stabilized amphibole and/or phlogopite in the mantle source. 6% degree of partial melting of a phlogopite-bearing enriched source, occurring initially in the garnet stability field and then in the spinel stability field can generate a melt with trace elements and Sr– Nd-isotopic features matching those of high-Mg, K-basalts of Procida Island. Furthermore, 2% partial melting of the same enriched source can reproduce the trace elements and isotopic features of the most primitive magmas of Somma–Vesuvius, subsequently modified by assimilation of continental crust during fractional crystallization processes at mid-lower depth. Combined trace element and Sr–Nd isotope modeling constrains the age of the enrichment event to 45 Ma ago, suggesting that the Plio-Quaternary magmatism of the Neapolitan area is postorogenic, and related to the subduction of oceanic crust belonging to the Tethys Ocean
    Description: Published
    Description: 165-183
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: 3T. Sorgente sismica
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Neapolitan volcanic area ; Phlegrean Volcanic District ; Somma–Vesuvius complex ; Basilicata ophiolites
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    Nanoscale surface modification of Mt. Etna volcanic ashes (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-18
    Description: Ashes emitted during volcanic explosive activity present peculiar surface chemical and mineralogical features related in literature to the interaction in the plume of solid particles with gases and aerosols. The compositional differences of magmas and gases, the magnitude, intensity and duration of the emission and the physical condition during the eruption, strongly influence the results of the modification processes. Here we report the characterization of the products emitted during the 2013 paroxysmal activity of Mt. Etna. The surface features of the ash particles were investigated through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) allowing the analysis at nanometer scale. TEM images showed on the surface the presence of composite structures formed by Ca, Mg and Na sulphates and halides and of droplets and crystals of chlorides; nanometric magnesioferrite and metallic iron dendrites are observable directly below the surface. From the chemical point of view, the most external layer of the volcanic glassy particles (〈5 nm), analysed by XPS, presents depletion in Si, Mg, Ca, Na and K and strong enrichment in volatile elements especially F and S, with respect to the inner zone, which represents the unaltered counterpart. Below this external layer, a transition glassy shell (thick 50–100 nm) is characterized by Fe, Mg and Ca enrichments with respect to the inner zone. We propose that the ash particle surface composition is the result of a sequence of events which start at shallow depth, above the exsolution surface, where gas bubbles nucleate and the interfaces between bubbles and melt represent proto-surfaces of future ash particles. Enrichment of Ca, Mg and Fe and halides may be due to the early partition of F and Cl in the gas phase and their interaction with the melt layer located close to the bubbles. Furthermore the formation of volatile SiF4 and KF explain the observed depletion of Si and K. The F enrichment in the external 50 nm thick layer of the glassy particles suggests the resorption of this element during the rise from depth less than 400 m below the summit vent. During the eruption, the gas/ash interaction persists inside the plume where further changes on the particle surface occurs. Gaseous S, Cl and F react causing the formation of solid Ca, Mg, Na and K compounds, while SiF4 was released as volatile phase and HF was physisorbed. Finally, in the low temperature plume zone, halides previously formed continuously react with gases producing sulfates. 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
    Description: Published
    Description: 70-84
    Description: 5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Synthesis and characterization of Na-X, Na-A and Na-P zeolites and hydroxysodalite from metakaolinite (2011)
    Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-26
    Description: The present work deals with the hydrothermal synthesis of Na zeolites (Na-A, Na-X and Na-P) and hydroxysodalite using kaolinite calcined at 650{degrees}C as starting material. The focus was on definition of the most favourable conditions for the synthesis of zeolite Na-A and Na-X from metakaolin in order to economize on both energy (i.e. synthesis temperatures) and reaction time and to enlarge the field of pure and isolated synthesized phases. Metakaolin was mixed with calculated amounts of NaOH solution and sodium silicate and five sets of experiments were carried out at ambient pressure and 6880.1{degrees}C varying the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio from 2.2 to 7. Optimal conditions for crystallization of Na-A zeolite from kaolinite were reached with a SiO2/Al2O3 ratio of 2.2 plus 4 M NaOH without adding sodium silicate; transformation into hydroxysodalite develops after [~]8 h. For SiO2/Al2O3 ratios between 4 and 7, crystallization of the separate Na-X zeolite phase could be achieved and transformation into Na-P and hydroxysodalite occurred after 382 h and 190 h, respectively. For SiO2/Al2O3 ratios between 5 and 6, transformation of metakaolin into Na-X plus Na-A, hydroxysodalite and Na-P occurred, and the field within which Na-A and Na-X zeolite exists overlapped that of the other zeolites. The products of synthesis were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and thermal analyses (TG-DTG-DTA). Obtaining pure Na-A and Na-X zeolite from kaolinite treated at low metakaolinitization temperature (650{degrees}C) and low hydrothermal synthesis temperature (68{degrees}C) represents a considerable economic advantage in terms of both energy and time.
    Print ISSN: 0009-8558
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-8030
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland
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  • 5
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    Synthesis and characterization of Na-X, Na-A and Na-P zeolites and hydroxysodalite from metakaolinite (2011)
    Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-26
    Description: The present work deals with the hydrothermal synthesis of Na zeolites (Na-A, Na-X and Na-P) and hydroxysodalite using kaolinite calcined at 650{degrees}C as starting material. The focus was on definition of the most favourable conditions for the synthesis of zeolite Na-A and Na-X from metakaolin in order to economize on both energy (i.e. synthesis temperatures) and reaction time and to enlarge the field of pure and isolated synthesized phases. Metakaolin was mixed with calculated amounts of NaOH solution and sodium silicate and five sets of experiments were carried out at ambient pressure and 6880.1{degrees}C varying the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio from 2.2 to 7. Optimal conditions for crystallization of Na-A zeolite from kaolinite were reached with a SiO2/Al2O3 ratio of 2.2 plus 4 M NaOH without adding sodium silicate; transformation into hydroxysodalite develops after [~]8 h. For SiO2/Al2O3 ratios between 4 and 7, crystallization of the separate Na-X zeolite phase could be achieved and transformation into Na-P and hydroxysodalite occurred after 382 h and 190 h, respectively. For SiO2/Al2O3 ratios between 5 and 6, transformation of metakaolin into Na-X plus Na-A, hydroxysodalite and Na-P occurred, and the field within which Na-A and Na-X zeolite exists overlapped that of the other zeolites. The products of synthesis were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and thermal analyses (TG-DTG-DTA). Obtaining pure Na-A and Na-X zeolite from kaolinite treated at low metakaolinitization temperature (650{degrees}C) and low hydrothermal synthesis temperature (68{degrees}C) represents a considerable economic advantage in terms of both energy and time.
    Print ISSN: 0009-8558
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-8030
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland
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  • 6
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    Polygonal feeder tubes filled with hydroclasts: a new volcanic lithofacies marking shoreline subaerial-submarine transition (2015)
    Geological Society of London
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-16
    Description: This paper describes for the first time a new lithofacies that formed in the passage zone during the construction of pahoehoe lava-fed deltas in the north and NE coastal areas of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Atlantic Ocean). These lava-fed deltas, which are Pliocene in age, present similar lithofacies associations to those previously described in the literature, except for two distinct features: low abundance of hyaloclastites and a new lithofacies in the passage zone. This new lithofacies, which we propose to name ‘polygonal feeder tubes filled with hydroclasts’, comprises metre-scale lava feeder tubes with decimetre-scale coherent poorly vesicular and aphanitic rinds of polygonal morphology, filled with closely packed hydroclasts generated in situ . It represents the first stage in the interaction between seawater and thick lava flows entering the sea under the influence of a tidal regime, thus marking sea level. This lithofacies should be easily recognizable in ancient successions, and thus represents a useful marker of palaeoshorelines. Supplementary material: Sample preparation and sample geochemistry are available at http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18785 .
    Print ISSN: 0016-7649
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of London
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  • 7
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    Diatomite as natural precursor for the synthesis of KAlSiO 4 - O 1 (2018)
    Schweizerbart
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈span〉We detail the synthesis and characterization of KAlSiO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉-〈span〉O〈/span〉1, a kalsilite polymorph which for years has been considered a material of technological interest. Our experimental protocol requires the preparation of a precursor, obtained by the mixing of potassium hydroxide, aluminium hydroxide and naturally derived amorphous silica (diatomitic rock from Crotone, southern Italy). The precursor was hydrothermally treated at 150 °C and then calcined at 1000 °C. Abundant KAlSiO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉-〈span〉O〈/span〉1 phase can be observed after 2 h and its maximum abundance (92%) is observed after 5 h; coexistence with leucite is attested during the time interval 6–100 h. The sample recovered after 5 h was fully characterised by powder X-ray diffraction, He-pycnometry, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy and 〈sup〉29〈/sup〉Si magic-angle-spinning nuclear magnetic resonance. The amount of amorphous phase in the synthesis powders was estimated with quantitative phase analysis using the combined Rietveld and reference intensity ratio methods. Testing a diatomitic precursor as a source of amorphous silica in the synthesis of KAlSiO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉-〈span〉O〈/span〉1 presents both economic and environmental incentives. The high yields and the results of the characterization open the way for the transfer to an industrial production scale.〈/span〉
    Print ISSN: 0935-1221
    Electronic ISSN: 1617-4011
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Schweizerbart
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  • 8
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    Strategy for water analysis using ICP-MS (2000)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-11-06
    Print ISSN: 0937-0633
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1130
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
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    Syntheses and characterization of zeolites K-F and W type using a diatomite precursor (2015)
    Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-03
    Description: Zeolites K-F and W (EDI and MER types) were synthesized hydrothermally using a natural rock as raw material. Chemical treatments were carried out on a diatomitic rock (containing opaline silica) from Crotone (Calabria, Italy) in order to separate/obtain potassium silicate, a reagent necessary for synthesizing zeolites. Synthesis experiments were performed by mixing the obtained siliceous solution with potassium hydroxide and alumina in varying proportions at 150°C and room pressure. Four synthesis series were performed to form zeolite K-F (EDI) and zeolite W (MER). The chemical-physical and morphological characterization of the zeolite phases were carried out. Cell parameters were calculated using the Rietveld method. Infrared, thermal and nuclear magnetic resonance ( 29 Si) experiments confirmed the high quality of the zeolite products. The amorphous phase in the synthesis powders was estimated with quantitative phase analysis using the combined Rietveld and reference intensity ratio methods.
    Print ISSN: 0026-461X
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-8022
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland
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  • 10
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    Spatial and Seasonal Variations of Water Quality in a Mediterranean Catchment: The Llobregat River (NE Spain) (2003)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0269-4042
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-2983
    Topics: Geosciences , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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