Publication Date:
2014-10-24
Description:
Understanding the relative effects of climate, harvest, and density dependence on population dynamics is critical for guiding sound population management, especially for ungulates in arid and semi-arid environments experiencing climate change. To address these issues for bison in southern Utah, we applied a Bayesian state-space model to a 72-year time series of abundance counts. While accounting for known harvest (as well as live removal) from the population, we found that the bison population in southern Utah exhibited strong potential to grow from low density (?0 = 0.26; Bayesian credible interval based on 95% of the highest posterior density: BCI = 0.19 to 0.33), and weak but statistically significant density dependence (?1 = -0.02, BCI = -0.04 to -0.004). Early spring temperatures also had strong positive effects on population growth (?febaprtemp1 = 0.09, BCI = 0.04 to 0.14), much more so than precipitation and other temperature-related variables (model weight 〉 3 times more than that for other climate variables). Although we hypothesized that harvest is the primary driving force of bison population dynamics in southern Utah, our elasticity analysis indicated that changes in early spring temperature could have a greater 'relative effect' on equilibrium abundance than either harvest or the strength of density dependence. Our findings highlight the utility of incorporating elasticity analyses into state-space population models, and the need to include climatic processes in wildlife management policies and planning. # doi:10.1890/14-0932.1
Print ISSN:
1051-0761
Electronic ISSN:
1939-5582
Topics:
Biology
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