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  • 1
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    Concordant divergence in proteins and mitochondrial DNA between two vole species in the genusClethrionomys (1988)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0006-2928
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-4927
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Springer
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  • 2
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    Diversification of Antarctic tourism: the case of a scuba diving expedition (2011)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-07-12
    Description: Tourism in Antarctica has grown substantially over recent decades and has diversified into different activities and modes of transport. This paper presents a first attempt to explore the implications of this diversification trend for Antarctic tourist experiences, wildlife and onsite management. Evidence from a passenger survey, participatory observations and expert interviews using video elicitation has been collected during, and in the context of, a diving expedition cruise. The data suggests that significant differences can be detected in the way divers and non-divers experience aspects of the trip, most notably regarding guides. The results also indicate that diverse activities generate a broader variance in attitudes and behaviours, which may have repercussions for wildlife, site use and onsite management. Given the diversification trend it is timely and necessary to revisit and consistently enforce site guidelines and visitor guidelines with an eye on multi-activity trips. In addition, further studies on the implications of this trend are needed by means of case studies, surveys looking at a wider range of tourist trips, and monitoring programmes assessing wildlife behaviour and impacts.
    Print ISSN: 0032-2474
    Electronic ISSN: 1475-3057
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , Geography
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concordant divergence in proteins and mitochondrial DNA between two vole species in the genusClethrionomys (1988)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 26 (1988), S. 223-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: Clethrionomys ; mitochondrial DNA ; genetic divergence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) and the northern red-backed vole (C. rutilus) are two closely related species where interspecific crosses result in fertile female but sterile male offspring. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) fromC. rutilus has passed the species barrier and is found inC. glareolus from northern Fennoscandia. The present report shows that the genetic distance between the two species, calculated from enzyme data (Nei'sD), is 0.64. Isoelectric focusing of muscle proteins resolved around 55 bands, of which each species had 6 or 7 bands not present in the other species. Sequence divergence of mtDNA from the two species is 13.9%. A comparison between protein and mtDNA distances in other species pairs reveals a high correlation between the two measures, indicating that differences in mtDNA between taxa are not random when compared to divergence in protein-coding nuclear genes. The relationship between genetic divergence in proteins and that in mtDNA betweenClethrionomys glareolus andC. rutilus is similar to that found in other species pairs. It is also shown that despite large differences on the protein level it is still, in some cases, possible for species pairs to produce fertile hybrid females.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00561462
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High frequency of extra-pair paternity in Swedish pied flycatchers revealed by allozyme electrophoresis and DNA fingerprinting (1992)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 31 (1992), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We used two genetic techniques to study multiple parentage in the pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca). Allozyme electrophoresis of 131 nestlings from 22 clutches sampled in 1982 and 1987 showed that one nestling had a mismatched allele compared with its putative parents. In one additional nest the devitation from Mendelian inheritance of parental genotypes suggested extra-pair paternity. The calculated probability of detecting multiple paternity from the genetic variation at four loci was 0.115. The estimated population frequency of extra-pair fertilization (EPF) was 13%, based on two mismatches and the probability of detecting multiple paternity. The seven families (n = 38 nestlings) in the 1987 sample were also analyzed by DNA fingerprinting using the M13 and Jeffrey's 33.15 probes. Overall, 24% (n = 9) of the nestlings analyzed were genetically inconsistent with their putative father, with EPF occurring in three (43%) of the seven clutches. One nestling originated by intraspecific brood parasitism. Comparison of the two techniques using the same samples showed that allozyme electrophoresis has a resolution only 11% of that of DNA fingerprinting, close to the calculated probability of detecting multiple paternity (0.115). Both techniques suggest that extra-pair fertilization is relatively common in the Swedish populations investigated compared to the low frequency reported from a Norwegian population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00167810
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