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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mammalian Sterols : Novel Biological Roles of Cholesterol Synthesis Intermediates, Oxysterols and Bile Acids (2020)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Medicine Research. ; Biology Research. ; Biochemistry. ; Internal medicine. ; Lipids. ; Bioinformatics. ; Medical genetics. ; Biomedical Research. ; Chemical Biology. ; Internal Medicine. ; Lipidology. ; Computational and Systems Biology. ; Medical Genetics.
    Description / Table of Contents: Sterols from the post-lanosterol part of cholesterol synthesis – novel signaling players -- Genetic variability in cholesterol metabolism -- Side-chain oxidized oxysterols in health and disease -- Bile acids and TGR5 (Gpbar1) signaling -- Bile acids as regulatory signalling molecules -- Oxysterols and bile acid act as signaling molecules that regulate cholesterol homeostasis: nuclear receptors LXR, FXR, and fibroblast growth factor 15/19 -- Cytochrome P450 Metabolism Leads to Novel Biological Sterols and Other Steroids.
    Abstract: This book provides a comprehensive description of sterols and their novel biological roles in mammalian signaling, the book covers their biosynthesis and structure, describes sterol receptor -mediated actions, their tissue distribution and their role in disease. It offers insight into new research findings, focusing specifically on novel discoveries in bile acid and oxysterol signaling, including the lanosterol-to-cholesterol intermediates. Special attention is paid on the sex distribution of these sterols (male or female) and their sexually dimorphic roles in mammalian species, such as human, rat and mouse. Since sterols and drugs (xenobiotics) use many identical receptor-mediated signaling pathways, the book will be interesting for researchers working on the cross-road of endogenous and xenobiotic metabolism, it is intended for advanced students and scientists in molecular biology and biochemistry as well as medical doctors in hepatology.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: V, 171 p. 57 illus., 14 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030396848
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39684-8
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-39684-8
    DDC: 610.72
    Language: English
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    E-BOOKS (AWI ONLY)
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dehydroepiandrosterone increases in zone of glutamine synthetase-positive hepatocytes in female rat liver: a putative androgenic effect (1999)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 111 (1999), S. 375-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The adrenal steroid dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a hepatocarcinogen and peroxisome proliferator in the rat, producing an increase in peroxisomes mainly in perivenular parts of the liver lobule. Glutamine synthetase (GS) is expressed exclusively in hepatocytes that directly surround the central terminal vein in rat liver. The GS-positive zone is wider in males than in females, covering about two to three cell layers in males and one to two cell layers in females. Treatment of rats with DHEA at a concentation of 0.6% in the diet for 4, 20, 32, 70 and 84 weeks resulted in an enlargement of the GS-positive zone in females, whereas no change was observed in males. In females treated for up to 32 weeks with DHEA, the relative mean width (RMW) of the GS-positive zone was as large as that observed in males. The increase in the RMW was paralleled by an increase in the number of GS-positive hepatocytes. Upon longer treatment, the width of GS expression decreased to that observed in untreated controls. The findings suggest an androgenic effect of DHEA. The areas of peroxisome proliferation, identified in haematoxylin and eosin- and periodic acid-Schiff-stained sections, and GS expression were not identical. Furthermore, preneoplastic and neoplastic liver lesions induced by DHEA were all negative for GS, indicating that they do not derive from the perivenular cells which show the most pronounced peroxisomal proliferation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004180050370
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complementary expression of glutamine synthetase and carbamoylphosphate synthetase I in ornithine carbamoyltransferase-deficient mouse liver (spf–ash mouse) (1997)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 108 (1997), S. 489-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Glutamine synthetase and carbamoylphosphate synthetase I expression was examined immunohistochemically in livers of spf–ash homozygous and hemizygous mice, in which one of the urea cycle enzymes (ornithine carbamoyltransferase) is deficient and hyperammonemic disorders are obvious. In the mutant adult mouse liver, only hepatocytes lining central veins expressed glutamine synthetase. In contrast, other hepatocytes expressed carbamoylphosphate synthetase I but not glutamine synthetase. This complementary expression pattern is similar to that seen in wild-type mouse liver. In the liver of mutant young mice, which showed severe retarded growth and abnormal hair and skin development, the developmental expression pattern of both enzymes was also similar to that of the corresponding wild-type liver. However, suppression of carbamoylphosphate synthetase I expression in the pericentral hepatocytes occurred later in the mutant than in wild-type liver. These results show that high plasma concentrations of ammonium ions, which are one of the substrates for both the enzymes, do not change their complementary expression. Instead they support the idea that factor(s) associated with central veins rather than humoral factors direct pericentral hepatocytes to express glutamine synthetase and to suppress carbamoylphosphate synthetase I expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004180050189
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterogeneous expression of mRNA in rat liver lobules as detected by differential display (2000)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 114 (2000), S. 357-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Keywords: Differential display Liver heterogeneity Proline-glutamate-dipeptide repeat RT-PCR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Although liver hepatocytes appear to be uniform histologically, they are considerably heterogeneous with respect to their individual physiological capacities. In order to find still unknown genes that are heterogeneously expressed and with the aim of evaluating the usefulness of the differential display technique for this purpose, we performed differential displays with mRNA isolated from hepatocytes from the periportal and pericentral zone of the rat liver. In this way we identified at least two mRNAs exclusively expressed in the pericentral fraction. Sequence analysis revealed that the corresponding genes encode proteins with proline-glutamate dipeptide repeats similar to ones previously identified in rat pheochromocytoma and brain. In situ hybridization confirmed the heterogeneous distribution of the mRNA. Only one to two cell lines surrounding the terminal hepatic venules were positive, strongly resembling the heterogeneous expression of the enzyme glutamine synthetase. Our work demonstrates that the differential display method is a useful tool for the identification of genes that are differentially expressed in individual parenchymal cells. In fact, our results prove that differential display technology can be used for the identification of cellular markers for distinct subpopulations of cells in a given tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004180000201
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monoclonal antibodies directed against rat liver epithelial cell lines selectively recognize bile duct epithelium in livers of adult rats (1988)
    Springer
    Cell biology and toxicology 4 (1988), S. 379-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6822
    Keywords: hepatocytes ; hepatocarcinogenesis ; immunohistochemistry ; transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Monoclonal antibodies directed against antigens on rat liver epithelial cell lines were prepared. Three antibodies, 4C3, 19C6, and 3C2, recognized surface antigens present (although in different quantities) on eight epithelial cell lines tested, irrespective of whether they were normal or transformed. For MAb 3C2, the primary antigen common to all but one cell line showed a Mr of 135 kD. In paraffin sections of liver tissue, two antibodies, 40 and 19C6, reacted exclusively with bile duct epithelium, whereas the MAb 3C2 additionally reacted with sinusoidal endothelium and the endothelium of the portal venules. In sections of livers from rats exposed to diethylnitrosamine, the MAb 19C6 selectively stained bile duct-like structures in cholangiomas, while other preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions were not stained. These results demonstrate that the monoclonal antibodies obtained may prove useful for investigating cell lineages related to propagable liver epithelial cell lines and suggest that these cells may be derived from terminal bile ductular cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00117767
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Introduction (1997)
    Springer
    Cell biology and toxicology 13 (1997), S. 215-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6822
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007456015419
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amino acid transport in established adult rat liver epithelial cell lines (1986)
    Springer
    Cell biology and toxicology 2 (1986), S. 9-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6822
    Keywords: amino acid transport ; α-aminoisobutyrate ; glutamate ; glutamine ; glutamine synthetase ; hormones ; primary hepatocyte cultures ; rat liver epithelial cells ; transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The capacities of Na+-dependent transport of α-aminoisobutyrate, glutamine and glutamate in four established and three transformed rat liver epithelial cell lines were found to be considerably higher than those of isolated and cultured hepatocytes. At least for transport systems A and G− this seemed to be due to elevated values of V max , whereas the values for K m were quite comparable to those of hepatocytes. In contrast to hepatocytes, however, no significant hormonal stimulation of amino acid uptake could be detected in the cell lines. Each normal cell line expressed a distinct pattern of transport capacities with respect to the three systems measured and this was not altered by chemical transformation of the lines. The individual patterns of the lines showed no similarity to presumptive patterns of subpopulations of liver parenchymal cells. In particular, there was no evidence for a direct relationship of one of the cell lines with a small subpopulation of parenchymal cells located adjacent to hepatic venules as revealed by additional measurements of glutamine synthetase, a marker enzyme for this particular subpopulation. It is concluded that established rat liver epithelial cell lines express features characteristic of normal hepatocytes with respect to amino acid transport, but have developed a distinct phenotype adapted to a rapid, hormone-independent growth in vitro. Alteration of their phenotype by transformation is not coupled with a further increase in amino acid transport capacity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00117703
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glutamate uptake in primary cultures of biliary epithelial cells from normal rat liver (1991)
    Springer
    Cell biology and toxicology 7 (1991), S. 315-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6822
    Keywords: cytokeratin 19 ; gamma-glutamyl transferase ; dexamethasone ; cholehepatic shunt
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Biliary epithelial cells (BEC) were isolated from normal rat liver with high purity (〉 95%) as revealed by morphological criteria as well as staining for gamma-glutamyl transferase and cytokeratin 19. During cultivation for 96 hr flattening of the cells and a loss of microvilli was apparent, while the cytokeratin 19-positive phenotype was maintained. The BEC contained a sodium-dependent as well as a sodium-independent uptake system for glutamate with high capacity. Both activities increased transiently during cultivation peaking after 72 and 48 hr, respectively. After 72 hr, apparent kinetic constants could be calculated for the sodium dependent (Km = 13.6 mM; Vmax = 388 nmoles/min/mg protein) and for the sodium-independent system. (Km = 10.8 mM; Vmax = 132 nmoles/min/mg protein). The transient increase of both transport systems was suppressed by dexamethasone. The sodium-dependence showed a threshold concentration of about 35 mM sodium. Inhibition by kainate was much less potent for BEC than for hepatocytes. These data indicate that BEC contain transport systems for glutamate different from those in hepatocytes and which may be involved in the intrahepatic reabsorbtion of glutamate from bile.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00124068
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of hormones and drugs on glutathione-S-transferase levels in primary culture of adult rat hepatocytes (1990)
    Springer
    Cell biology and toxicology 6 (1990), S. 365-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6822
    Keywords: GST-Ya1 ; GST-Yb1 ; GST-Yp ; hyaluronidase ; methylcholanthrene ; nicotinamide ; phenobarbital
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: GST activities against 1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene (DCNB) were measured in isolated and cultured adult rat hepatocytes. Within 24 h in culture, both GST activities decreased to about 70% and either stabilized at this level (CDNB) or recovered (DCNB) to the initial level. Use of hyaluronidase in addition to collagenase during the isolation of the cells strongly reduced both activities and its stimulation by various drugs for up to 168 h. The hormones insulin, glucagon, triiodothyronine, estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone did not affect GST activity, while dexamethasone showed some interference. In the presence of dexamethasone the activity against CDNB was mainly stimulated by the combination of methylcholanthrene (MC) and phenobarbital (PB) to about 260% within 168 h. The activity against DCNB was stimulated predominantly by MC alone reaching 170% after 168 h. Quantification of the GST subunits Ya, Yb1 and Yp by an ELISA technique revealed a strong decrease of Ya, a transient increase of Yb1 after 24 h followed by a moderate decrease, and a stable low level of the transformation marker Yp during cultivation. The level of Ya was markedly induced by PB, particularly in combination with MC. The level of Yb1 was equally induced by MC or PB with no synergistic effect. Yp was not affected by these drugs. None of the hormones affected the level of these GST subunits. These results indicate that the physiological type of regulation of the GSTs is maintained during primary culture and no signs of dedifferentiation or transformation are observed. Furthermore, they demonstrate that the interaction of drugs and hormones and their inducing potential can be efficiently studied in the cultured hepatocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00120803
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  • 10
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    From Sample Processing to Quantification: A Full Electrochemical Approach for Neutral Analyte Derivatization, Capillary Electrophoresis Separation, and Contactless Conductivity Detection (2012)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-09-05
    Description: Analytical Chemistry DOI: 10.1021/ac3019312
    Print ISSN: 0003-2700
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-6882
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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