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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    First isolation of Staphylococcus warneri, from diseased rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), in Northwest Spain (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 23 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.2000.00244.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hafnia alvei as an opportunistic pathogen causing mortality in brown trout, Salmo trutta L. (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 21 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Strains of Hafnia alvei caused mortalities in brown trout, Salmo trutta L., following intraperitoneal injection with LD50 values ranging between 1.3 × 104 and 2.5 × 107 bacteria fish−−1. These values are considered to represent a high to moderate degree of virulence. Virulent strains were isolated from non-fish sources. Fish surviving the LD50 values continued to harbour the organism in the kidney, suggesting the establishment of a carrier state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.1998.00116.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reproductive habits and life cycle of the small clam Kingiella chilenica (Bivalvia: Cyamiidae) in an estuarine sand flat from the south of Chile (1993)
    Springer
    Marine biology 115 (1993), S. 595-603 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A population of the small clam Kingiella chilenica Soot Ryen 1959 was studied from March 1986 to December 1988 in an intertidal flat at Queule River, in the south of Chile. The life cycle and life history pattern of the bivalve were established contrasting population structure and dynamics to its reproductive habits. Individuals are gonochoristic and semelparous, presenting a typical annual life cycle. The species is a sequential brooder whose embryos undergo direct development. After the brooding season (summer through autumn), the adults disappear gradually (autumn through winter). Recruited juveniles overwinter during a relatively long period, undergoing rapid growth during the spring to attain the adult stage during the summer. The number of brooded embryos increases in proportion to adult length cubed. Life history traits of this bivalve are compared to those reported for other small brooder clams. Some basic tendencies become apparent when traits for semelparous versus iteroparous species are contrasted. As in other semelparous sequential brooders (Transennella tantilla, Gaimardia bahamondei), the relationship between brood size and shell length obseved in K. chilenica does not fit the allometry hypothesis for marine brooding invertebrtes that allometric constraints on the brooding space limit the fecundity of larger individuals. Also contrary to theoretical predictions, small body size does not limit the diversity of a clam's developmental patterns. Possible explanations for this finding are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349367
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two modes of development in the morphospecies Crepidula dilatata (Gastropoda: Calyptraeidae) from Southern Chile (1977)
    Springer
    Marine biology 39 (1977), S. 241-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In Chinquihue Bay, a sheltered locality in Southern Chile, female Crepidula dilatata Lamarck brood egg masses which differ in intracapsular development. In some, all eggs develop and are hatched as free veliger larvae (indirect development). In others, only some of the eggs develop and hatch as young adults (direct development), the rest being consumed as nurse eggs. Two possible interpretations are considered: intrapopulation variation of developmental pattern in a species, and the coexistence of two sibling species. Stages of the intracapsular development are described and illustrated. Fecundity varies according to size of the female. For females brooding eggs with indirect development it is estimated at between 3840 and 85575 embryos per spawn; for females with eggs undergoing direct development, embryo production per egg mass is estimated at between 70 and 812. A comparison is made between females brooding the two kinds of egg masses. Minor differences exist in adult coloration, shape of egg capsules, egg diameters, spawning season and their abundance and distribution in the intertidal. Brooding females with eggs displaying indirect development are significantly larger than those with eggs of direct development. The latter females form chains subtidally but not intertidally as do females bearing eggs with indirect development. On these females with pelagic larvae, chains frequently include sedentary males which reach large sizes. On basal females with direct development, chains contain mostly other females, suggesting that matings are temporary and by errant males. These results are compared with existing information in the literature for other species both in this genus and in other marine invertebrates. It is concluded that two sympatric sibling species with different modes of development are present in the morphospecies C. dilatata Lamarck in Southern Chile.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390998
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reproduktionsbiologische Untersuchungen an dreiLittorina-Arten der südlichen Nordsee (1985)
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 39 (1985), S. 165-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Populations ofLittorina mariae, L. obtusata andL. saxatilis from the coast near Roscoff (Brittany), from the North Sea islands Helgoland and Sylt were investigated with regard to several characters of their reproductive biology. Important factors are body size and weight, maturation size, shell thickness, sex ratio and reproductive effort of adults as well as number, size and mortality of embryos. MatureL. saxatilis individuals inhabiting sandy shores are smaller and have thinner shells and higher reproductive effort than those on rocky coasts. On shores with loose and semipermanent boulders the adults are clearly larger. Interannual variations in some life history parameters may be explained by changes in food supply. In populations with small adults, ♀ ♀ are bigger than ♂ ♂. In localities whereL. mariae andL. obtusata occur sympatrically, a tendency to accentuate interspecific contrast is recognized. Life history patterns, especially inL. saxatilis populations, show two tendencies: (a) a rapid increase of shell-size and thickness, which offers better chances of survival and of maximizing clutch-size and clutch-numbers during life-time; (b) early entrance into maturity leads to accelerated reproduction, but life expectation is reduced. Both tendencies are balanced by the action of biotic and abiotic factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01997448
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  • 6
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    Morphological analysis of two sympatric ecotypes and predator-induced phenotypic plasticity in Acanthina monodon (Gastropoda: Muricidae) (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-28
    Description: Some marine gastropod species are characterized by having marked polymorphism in the shape, colour and thickness of their shells. This variation can be induced by physical or biological factors such as wave exposure and predation. We examined shell variation in the direct-developing Acanthina monodon . In a field survey, we collected and analysed two snail ecotypes: a thick-shelled ecotype from environments with intense predation by the crab Homalaspis plana , and a thin-shelled ecotype from environments where predation was negligible. When we controlled for shell length, the thick-shelled ecotype had a heavier and thicker shell, but lower body weight, than the thin-shelled ecotype. However, only shell thickness and body weight showed a significant difference between habitat types. In order to determine the nature of shell variation in A. monodon , we conducted a laboratory experiment with juvenile snails from sites where the predation was low or absent. Seawater aquaria containing crabs were connected to aquaria containing snails via a cylinder with flows that enabled the transport of seawater from crabs to the snails' aquaria. The snails treated with seawater-borne stimuli (predation treatment) developed thicker shells than the snails raised in the absence of the stimulus (control treatment). We suggest that adaptive phenotypic plasticity may account for part of the shell variation surveyed in the field. We discuss the metabolic and reproductive costs of maintaining anti-predator defence strategies that involve adaptive morphological changes to a particular environment.
    Print ISSN: 0260-1230
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3766
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 7
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    Crepipatella dilatata (Lamarck, 1822) (Calyptraeidae): an example of reproductive variability among gastropods (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-10-27
    Description: Reproductive characteristics of a species are often defined from a small number of individuals collected from a single location at one particular time. However, this study reveals that the South American gastropod Crepipatella dilatata (Lamarck, 1822) shows an unusually high level of intraspecific variability in some key reproductive characteristics: the number of egg capsules brooded per female, the size of the egg capsules, the number of eggs per capsule and the sizes and size distributions of the uncleaved eggs. Larger females were more fecund than smaller ones, not because they produced more egg capsules, but because they produced capsules of significantly larger size. Such variability was evident not only when considering different populations, but also within a single population sampled in different years, as well as among specimens collected during a single sampling event. Thus our data emphasize the importance of obtaining information from numerous specimens per locality as well as from specimens from different localities and in different years when describing the reproductive characteristics of any particular taxon.
    Print ISSN: 0260-1230
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3766
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    Hatching mode and latitude in marine gastropods: revisiting Thorson's paradigm in the southern hemisphere (2001)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-03-19
    Print ISSN: 0025-3162
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1793
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
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    Reproduktionsbiologische Untersuchungen an dreiLittorina-Arten der südlichen Nordsee (1985)
    BioMed Central
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-06-01
    Print ISSN: 1438-387X
    Electronic ISSN: 1438-3888
    Topics: Biology
    Published by BioMed Central
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  • 10
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    Reproductive habits and life cycle of the small clam Kingiella chilenica (Bivalvia: Cyamiidae) in an estuarine sand flat from the south of Chile (1993)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0025-3162
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1793
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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