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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Deterministic errors in angular rate gyros, such as thermal biases, can have a significant impact on spacecraft attitude knowledge. In particular, thermal biases are often the dominant error source in MEMS gyros after calibration. Filters, such as J\,fEKFs, are commonly used to mitigate the impact of gyro errors and gyro noise on spacecraft closed loop pointing accuracy, but often have difficulty in rapidly changing thermal environments and can be computationally expensive. In this report an existing nonlinear adaptive filter is used as the basis for a new nonlinear adaptive filter designed to estimate and cancel thermal bias effects. A description of the filter is presented along with an implementation suitable for discrete-time applications. A simulation analysis demonstrates the performance of the filter in the presence of noisy measurements and provides a comparison with existing techniques.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: GSFC.CP.5989.2012 , GSFC.CP.6788.2012 , AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference; Aug 13, 2012 - Aug 16, 2012; Minneapolis, MN; United States
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-10-25
    Description: Analytic expressions for spacecraft attitude and rate estimation performance of an attitude estimation filter in terms of sensor specifications are useful tools for spacecraft design. Farrenkopf (1978) famously found analytic expressions for steady-state pre-update and post-update attitude and gyro bias estimate error variances for an attitude estimation filter for a single-axis spacecraft with a Rate Output Gyro (ROG). Markley and Reynolds (2000) extended the analysis for a Rate-Integrating Gyro (RIG) with angle white noise. These expressions allow for the rapid evaluation of system performance during preliminary mission design phases. One contribution of this paper is the analytic calculation of the steady-state pre-update and post-update angular rate estimate uncertainty for both the ROG and RIG cases. The primary contribution of this paper is the extension of the results for both the ROG and the RIG cases to the situation of an attitude sensor outage. This situation arises frequently in practice; for example when a star sensors field of view is occluded, when a star sensors readings are unreliable during a thruster burn that vibrates the spacecraft, or during star sensor outages due to radiation upsets. Analytic expressions for the attitude estimate uncertainty, gyro bias estimate uncertainty, and angular rate estimate uncertainty are given in terms of the attitude sensor outage interval, the star tracker measurement noise, and gyro noise parameters. Validity of the analytic results is demonstrated via Monte Carlo simulation.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN74144-2 , International Astronautical Congress; Oct 21, 2019 - Oct 25, 2019; Washington, DC; United States
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Argon is a flight-ready sensor suite with two visual cameras, a flash LIDAR, an on- board flight computer, and associated electronics. Argon was designed to provide sensing capabilities for relative navigation during proximity, rendezvous, and docking operations between spacecraft. A rigorous ground test campaign assessed the performance capability of the Argon navigation suite to measure the relative pose of high-fidelity satellite mock-ups during a variety of simulated rendezvous and proximity maneuvers facilitated by robot manipulators in a variety of lighting conditions representative of the orbital environment. A brief description of the Argon suite and test setup are given as well as an analysis of the performance of the system in simulated proximity and rendezvous operations.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Instrumentation and Astrionics
    Type: GSFC.CP.6845.2012 , AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference; Aug 13, 2012 - Aug 16, 2012; Minneapolis, MN; United States
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Raven ISS Hosted Payload will feature several pose measurement sensors on a pan/tilt gimbal which will be used to autonomously track resupply vehicles as they approach and depart the International Space Station. This paper discusses the derivation of a Relative Navigation Filter (RNF) to fuse measurements from the different pose measurement sensors to produce relative position and attitude estimates. The RNF relies on relative translation and orientation kinematics and careful pose sensor modeling to eliminate dependence on orbital position information and associated orbital dynamics models. The filter state is augmented with sensor biases to provide a mechanism for the filter to estimate and mitigate the offset between the measurements from different pose sensors.
    Keywords: Space Communications, Spacecraft Communications, Command and Tracking
    Type: AAS 16-045 , GSFC-E-DAA-TN29232 , AAS Guidance and Control Conference; Feb 05, 2016 - Feb 10, 2016; Breckenridge, CO; United States
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: A navigation system includes an image acquisition device for acquiring a range image of a target vehicle, at least one processor, a memory including a target vehicle model and computer readable program code, where the processor and the computer readable program code are configured to cause the navigation system to convert the range image to a point cloud having three dimensions, compute a transform from the target vehicle model to the point cloud, and use the transform to estimate the target vehicle's attitude and position for capturing the target vehicle.
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Raven ISS Hosted Payload will feature several pose measurement sensors on a pan/tilt gimbal which will be used to autonomously track resupply vehicles as they approach and depart the International Space Station. This paper discusses the derivation of a Relative Navigation Filter (RNF) to fuse measurements from the different pose measurement sensors to produce relative position and attitude estimates. The RNF relies on relative translation and orientation kinematics and careful pose sensor modeling to eliminate dependence on orbital position information and associated orbital dynamics models. The filter state is augmented with sensor biases to provide a mechanism for the filter to estimate and mitigate the offset between the measurements from different pose sensors
    Keywords: Space Communications, Spacecraft Communications, Command and Tracking
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN29584 , AAS Guidance and Control Conference Conference; Feb 05, 2016 - Feb 10, 2016; Breckenridge, CO; United States
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-10-23
    Description: Analytic expressions for spacecraft attitude and rate estimation performance of an attitude estimation filter in terms of sensor specifications are useful tools for spacecraft design. Farrenkopf (1978) famously found analytic expressions for steady-state pre-update and post-update attitude and gyro bias estimate error variances for an attitude estimation filter for a single-axis spacecraft with a Rate Output Gyro (ROG). Markley and Reynolds (2000) extended the analysis for a Rate-Integrating Gyro (RIG) with angle white noise. These expressions allow for the rapid evaluation of system performance during preliminary mission design phases. One contribution of this paper is the analytic calculation of the steady-state pre-update and post-update angular rate estimate uncertainty for both the ROG and RIG cases. The primary contribution of this paper is the extension of the results for both the ROG and the RIG cases to the situation of an attitude sensor outage. This situation arises frequently in practice; for example when a star sensors field of view is occluded, when a star sensors readings are unreliable during a thruster burn that vibrates the spacecraft, or during star sensor outages due to radiation upsets. Analytic expressions for the attitude estimate uncertainty, gyro bias estimate uncertainty, and angular rate estimate uncertainty are given in terms of the attitude sensor outage interval, the star tracker measurement noise, and gyro noise parameters. Validity of the analytic results is demonstrated via Monte Carlo simulation.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: IAC-19-C1.6.2 , GSFC-E-DAA-TN74144-1 , International Astronautical Congress; Oct 21, 2019 - Oct 25, 2019; Washington, DC; United States
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