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  • 1
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    Life history effects on the molecular clock [Evolution] (2016)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-10
    Description: One of the foundational results in molecular evolution is that the rate at which neutral substitutions accumulate on a lineage equals the rate at which mutations arise. Traits that affect rates of mutation therefore also affect the phylogenetic “molecular clock.” We consider the effects of sex-specific generation times and mutation...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    Multiple instances of ancient balancing selection shared between humans and chimpanzees (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-16
    Description: Instances in which natural selection maintains genetic variation in a population over millions of years are thought to be extremely rare. We conducted a genome-wide scan for long-lived balancing selection by looking for combinations of SNPs shared between humans and chimpanzees. In addition to the major histocompatibility complex, we identified 125 regions in which the same haplotypes are segregating in the two species, all but two of which are noncoding. In six cases, there is evidence for an ancestral polymorphism that persisted to the present in humans and chimpanzees. Regions with shared haplotypes are significantly enriched for membrane glycoproteins, and a similar trend is seen among shared coding polymorphisms. These findings indicate that ancient balancing selection has shaped human variation and point to genes involved in host-pathogen interactions as common targets.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3612375/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3612375/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leffler, Ellen M -- Gao, Ziyue -- Pfeifer, Susanne -- Segurel, Laure -- Auton, Adam -- Venn, Oliver -- Bowden, Rory -- Bontrop, Ronald -- Wall, Jeffrey D -- Sella, Guy -- Donnelly, Peter -- McVean, Gilean -- Przeworski, Molly -- 075491/Z/04/B/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 086084/Z/08/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 090532/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 090532/Z/09/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 095552/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 095552/Z/11/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- GM72861/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HG005226/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM072861/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007197/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 29;339(6127):1578-82. doi: 10.1126/science.1234070. Epub 2013 Feb 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. emleffler@uchicago.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23413192" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Genetic Association Studies ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Haplotypes ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/*genetics ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pan troglodytes/*genetics ; Pedigree ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; *Selection, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Classic selective sweeps were rare in recent human evolution (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-02-19
    Description: Efforts to identify the genetic basis of human adaptations from polymorphism data have sought footprints of "classic selective sweeps" (in which a beneficial mutation arises and rapidly fixes in the population).Yet it remains unknown whether this form of natural selection was common in our evolution. We examined the evidence for classic sweeps in resequencing data from 179 human genomes. As expected under a recurrent-sweep model, we found that diversity levels decrease near exons and conserved noncoding regions. In contrast to expectation, however, the trough in diversity around human-specific amino acid substitutions is no more pronounced than around synonymous substitutions. Moreover, relative to the genome background, amino acid and putative regulatory sites are not significantly enriched in alleles that are highly differentiated between populations. These findings indicate that classic sweeps were not a dominant mode of human adaptation over the past ~250,000 years.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3669691/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3669691/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hernandez, Ryan D -- Kelley, Joanna L -- Elyashiv, Eyal -- Melton, S Cord -- Auton, Adam -- McVean, Gilean -- 1000 Genomes Project -- Sella, Guy -- Przeworski, Molly -- 086084/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- GM083228/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM087069/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM20373/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM72861/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM072861/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG007644/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- WT086084MA/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 18;331(6019):920-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1198878.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21330547" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Amino Acid Substitution ; *Biological Evolution ; Chromosomes, Human, X/genetics ; Conserved Sequence ; Evolution, Molecular ; Exons ; Gene Frequency ; *Genetic Variation ; *Genome, Human ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Models, Genetic ; Molecular Sequence Annotation ; Mutation ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Recombination, Genetic ; *Selection, Genetic ; Untranslated Regions
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reciprocal egg trading and brood care in a hermaphroditic polychaete worm
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Animal Behaviour 33 (1985), S. 938-944 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3472
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-3472(85)80028-2
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reciprocal egg trading and brood care in a hermaphroditic polychaete worm
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Animal Behaviour 33 (1985), S. 938-944 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3472
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-3472(85)80028-2
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosomal nucleolar organizer region (NOR) phenotypes in nine species of the genus Ophryotrocha (Polychaeta: Dorvilleidae) (1995)
    Springer
    Marine biology 124 (1995), S. 425-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Chromosomal nucleolar organizer region (NOR) phenotypes have been characterized in nine species of the genus Ophryotrocha (Polychaeta: Dorvilleidae), namely O. notoglandulata, O. sp. macrovifera, O. sp. labronica pacifica, O. labronica labronica, O. puerilis puerilis, O. diadema, O. sp. robusta, O. gracills and O. hartmanni. Irrespective of chromosome number and morphology, Ag positive regions were terminally located in all but one species, O. diadema, where the NORs were pericentromerical in a metacentric pair. The presence of a single chromosome pair bearing NOR in invertebrates is considered an ancestral trait. According to this assumption, O. sp. robusta, O. dialema, and perhaps O. p. puerilis appear to be more ancestral than the other species. On the contrary, O. notoglandulaia, O. sp. macrovifera, O. sp. labronica oacifica, with two chromosomal pairs bearing NOR sites, seem to represent examples of further evolution within the genus Ophryotrocha.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00363916
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inheritance, maternal influence and biochemical analysis of an egg color polymorphism inOphryotrocha diadema (1983)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 97-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the Polychaete wormOphryotrocha diadema, the yellow coloration of egg yolk is due to the selective uptake of lutein from food. The genetic control of this mechanism depends on a single locus with 2 alleles, the dominantY (yellow) allele, and the recessivey (absence of coloration) allele.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01960650
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic divergence among three sympatric species of Mediterranean Patella (Archaeogastropoda) (1993)
    Springer
    Marine biology 115 (1993), S. 401-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Patella caerulea L., P. aspera Lam. (=P. ulyssiponensis Gmelin). P. rustica L. (=P. lusitanica Gmelin) are coexisting Mediterranean species of the genus Patella. P. caerulea and P. rustica have a haploid complement of n=9 with seven metacentric and two telocentric chromosomes, while P. aspera has a haploid complement of n=8 without telocentric chromosomes. To better define the phylogenetic relationships among these three species, an electrophoretic analysis of 12 enzyme coding loci was performed on samples of the three species collected from Laigueglia (Liguria, Italy) in 1989. On the whole, genotypic frequencies were in agreement with Hardy-Weinberg expectations and no significant differences were observed among the populations of the three species as far as their genetic structure is concerned. Nearly 50% of the sampled loci were diagnostic. Nei's genetic distance was 0.82 between P. caerulea and P. aspera, 0.97 between P. aspera and P. rustica and 0.94 between P. caerulea and P. rustica. By greatly separating P. rustica from the other two species, results of the electrophoretic analysis are consistent with the traditional view, which regards P. aspera and P. caerulea as more closely related than P. rustica on the basis of radular teeth morphology. Using genetic distances and the assumptions of the molecular clock, lineages leading to P. aspera and to P. caerulea may have diverged from the stem common to P. rustica ca. 18 million years ago.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349838
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosome analysis of three species of Patella (Archaeogastropoda) (1988)
    Springer
    Genetica 77 (1988), S. 97-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6857
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Differences in karyotypic structure are compared with reported isozyme differences in three Mediterranean species of Patella. In addition, the karyotypic structure of Patella is discussed in terms of the karyotypic variability of Archaeogastropoda. Both P. lusitanica and P. caerulea have a haploid complement of n=9 (6 metacentric, 1 submetacentric, 1 subtelocentric, 1 telocentric chromosome in P. lusitanica and 6 metacentric, 1 submetacentric, 2 telocentric chromosome in P. caerulea). P. aspera, although regarded as morphologically more closely related to P. caerulea, has a haploid complement of only n=8 (7 metacentric and 1 submetacentric chromosomes).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00057759
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  • 10
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    The ABO blood group is a trans-species polymorphism in primates (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-10-22
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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