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  • 1
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    Apoptotic force and tissue dynamics during Drosophila embryogenesis (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-09-20
    Description: Understanding cell morphogenesis during metazoan development requires knowledge of how cells and the extracellular matrix produce and respond to forces. We investigated how apoptosis, which remodels tissue by eliminating supernumerary cells, also contributes forces to a tissue (the amnioserosa) that promotes cell-sheet fusion (dorsal closure) in the Drosophila embryo. We showed that expression in the amnioserosa of proteins that suppress or enhance apoptosis slows or speeds dorsal closure, respectively. These changes correlate with the forces produced by the amnioserosa and the rate of seam formation between the cell sheets (zipping), key processes that contribute to closure. This apoptotic force is used by the embryo to drive cell-sheet movements during development, a role not classically attributed to apoptosis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2757114/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2757114/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Toyama, Yusuke -- Peralta, Xomalin G -- Wells, Adrienne R -- Kiehart, Daniel P -- Edwards, Glenn S -- GM33830/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM033830/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM033830-24/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Sep 19;321(5896):1683-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1157052.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Physics Department and Free Electron Laser Laboratory, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18802000" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Cell Movement ; Cell Shape ; Drosophila melanogaster/cytology/*embryology ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/*cytology ; *Embryonic Development ; Epidermis/cytology/embryology ; Epithelial Cells/*cytology/physiology ; Epithelium/*embryology ; Female ; Microscopy, Confocal ; *Morphogenesis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Forces for morphogenesis investigated with laser microsurgery and quantitative modeling (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-02-08
    Description: We investigated the forces that connect the genetic program of development to morphogenesis in Drosophila. We focused on dorsal closure, a powerful model system for development and wound healing. We found that the bulk of progress toward closure is driven by contractility in supracellular "purse strings" and in the amnioserosa, whereas adhesion-mediated zipping coordinates the forces produced by the purse strings and is essential only for the end stages. We applied quantitative modeling to show that these forces, generated in distinct cells, are coordinated in space and synchronized in time. Modeling of wild-type and mutant phenotypes is predictive; although closure in myospheroid mutants ultimately fails when the cell sheets rip themselves apart, our analysis indicates that beta(PS) integrin has an earlier, important role in zipping.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hutson, M Shane -- Tokutake, Yoichiro -- Chang, Ming-Shien -- Bloor, James W -- Venakides, Stephanos -- Kiehart, Daniel P -- Edwards, Glenn S -- GM33830/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM61240/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 4;300(5616):145-9. Epub 2003 Feb 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics and Free Electron Laser Laboratory, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12574496" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Cell Adhesion ; Drosophila/*embryology/genetics ; Drosophila Proteins/physiology ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/*physiology ; Embryonic Development ; Epithelial Cells/physiology ; Epithelium/physiology ; Genes, Insect ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Integrin alpha Chains ; Integrins/physiology ; Lasers ; Mathematics ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Microsurgery ; *Models, Biological ; *Morphogenesis ; Mutation ; Pseudopodia/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    N-nitrosamines in the rubber and tire industry (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-09-21
    Description: Airborne N-nitrosomorpholine (0 to 27 micrograms per cubic meter) was found in two of four rubber industry factories. N-Nitrosodimethylamine was also found in two factories, but at lower levels. These findings may be relevant to the reported increased risk of certain types of cancer in rubber workers in some of the same areas where the N-nitrosomorpholine levels were highest.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fajen, J M -- Carson, G A -- Rounbehler, D P -- Fan, T Y -- Vita, R -- Goff, U E -- Wolf, M H -- Edwards, G S -- Fine, D H -- Reinhold, V -- Biemann, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Sep 21;205(4412):1262-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/472741" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air Pollutants/*analysis ; Air Pollutants, Occupational/*analysis ; Dimethylnitrosamine/analysis ; Environmental Exposure ; Humans ; Morpholines/analysis ; Nitrosamines/*analysis ; *Occupational Medicine ; *Rubber
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Significance of nitrosamines in animal diets (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-01-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Edwards, G S -- Fox, J G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jan 5;203(4375):6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17840491" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Variation in the plant-mediated methane transport and its importance for methane emission from intact wetland peat mesocosms (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-20
    Description: Aims and Methods Vascular plants are known to influence the production, transport and oxidation of methane in wetland soils, but these processes are not well understood. Using plants grown in intact peat cores, we compared the influence upon methane emissions of 20 forb and graminoid species from European wetlands. We measured plant-mediated transport of methane (conduit or chimney effect) using a novel agar-sealing technique that prevented methane exchange from the bare soil to the atmosphere. Important Findings The plant-mediated transport (chimney effect) represented between 30% and almost 100% of the total methane flux, with graminoids exhibiting greater internal transport than forbs. In general, plants with less dense root tissues and a relatively larger root volume exhibited a larger chimney effect. Most species (12 out of 20) significantly reduced methane emissions compared to bare soil and only one species, Succisa pratensis, increased them. We suggest that characterising vegetation in terms of plant functional traits and plant processes offers an effective method for estimating methane emissions from wetlands. However, we found no correlation between the magnitude of the chimney effect and the overall influence of different plant species on methane emissions. Besides introducing a useful tool to study plant-mediated transport, this work suggests that characterising vegetation in terms of functional traits could improve estimates of methane emissions from wetlands, which in turn could help in designing mitigation strategies.
    Print ISSN: 1752-993X
    Electronic ISSN: 1752-9921
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth and maintenance respiration in leaves of northern red oak seedlings and mature trees after 3 years of ozone exposure (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 19 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A two-component model of growth and maintenance respiration is used to study the response of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings and 32-year-old trees to sub-ambient (10 μmol h; cumulative dose based on 7 h daily mean), ambient (43 μmol h), and twice-ambient (85 μmolh) ozone. The relative growth rates (RGR) of leaves sampled from seedlings and trees were similar across treatments, as were specific leaf respiration rates (SRR). Growth coefficients estimated from the SRR versus RGR relationship averaged 25-3 mol CO2 kg−1 leaf dry mass produced for seedlings and 21-5 mol kg−1 for trees. Maintenance coefficients ranged from 0-89 to 1-07 mol CO2 kg−1 leaf dry mass d−1 for seedlings and from 0-64 to 0-84 mol kg-1 d−1 for trees. Neither coefficient was affected by ozone. Leaves sampled throughout the growing season also showed little response of respiration to ozone. This occurred despite a 30% reduction in net photosynthesis for trees grown at twice-ambient ozone. These results suggest that growth and maintenance respiration in young northern red oak leaves are not affected by ozone and that in older leaves injury can occur without a parallel increase in so-called ‘maintenance’ respiration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1996.tb00391.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies concerning the growth of cadmium dendrites. II. Morphology in acidic media (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 13 (1983), S. 765-773 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The morphology of cadmium deposits formed during potentiostatic deposition onto etched cadmium substrates in a range of cadmium sulphate solutions with 0.5 mol dm−3 sulphuric acid as supporting electrolyte has been investigated. The deposit morphology and induction time was found to be both concentration and overpotential dependent. At 10−1 mol dm−3 CdSO4 for an overpotential range −20 to −80 mV, large crystalline aggregates were observed and large dendrites resulted after longer deposition times. The induction time was less than 1 min and the current time curves linear, indicating instantaneous rather than progressive initiation. At 10−2 mol dm−3 CdSO4 the morphology varied from fine, 2D-fern dendrites atη=−75 mV to needle dendrites atη=−150 mV. The morphology at 10−3 mol dm−3 CdSO4 closely resembled that at 10−2 mol dm−3 CdSO4 but, showed finer structural detail with less filling in of the main skeletal structure. The induction time was an order of magnitude greater at 10−3 mol dm−3 CdSO4 than at 10−2 mol dm−3 CdSO4, and the time taken to grow dendrites of the same length was also increased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00615826
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies concerning the growth of cadmium dendrites. I. Morphology in alkaline media (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 13 (1983), S. 751-764 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The morphology of cadmium dendrites formed during potentiostatic electrodeposition onto nickel and cadmium substrates from cadmate solutions in alkaline supporting electrolyte has been investigated. The morphology is potential dependent for deposition under convective diffusion conditions to a nickel substrate. For 1.05×10−4 mol dm−3 Cd(OH) 4 2− /30% KOH solutions, 2D- fern dendrites are observed at an overpotential of −150mV, needle dendrites at −200 mV, and large ‘filled-in’ fern dendrites at −300 mV. Similar results were found at the higher concentration, 2.4×10−4 mol dm−3 Cd(OH) 4 2− /50% KOH, but the time taken to grow an equivalent morphology and length were reduced in proportion. Crystalline aggregate dendrites were observed on a cadmium substrate in 1.05×10−4 mol dm−3 Cd(OH) 4 2− /30% KOH, becoming more crystalline and well defined with increase in overpotential. A significant induction time of the order 8 h was observed for all deposition onto stationary nickel and cadmium wires. Under the well-defined diffusion conditions at a rotating nickel disc electrode only one morphology, namely small ferns, was observed over a wide range of overpotentials. The current-time behaviour is presented, and the current is shown to have a (time)2 dependence, indicative of progressive nucleation of dendrites. The induction time, indicated approximately by the current minima, had decreased significantly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00615825
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of charge rate and cycling on the morphology of Cd and Cd(OH)2 in sintered plate electrodes (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 6 (1976), S. 431-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Optical and scanning electron microscopy have been used to study the growth and redistribution of Cd and Cd(OH)2 in sintered plate electrodes as a function of charge rate and cycle number. As expected, the growth of both components was found to increase with increasing cycle number and decreasing charge rate. Because the deposits, particularly after extended cycling, always contained appreciable quantities of Cd metal in both the charged and discharged state, the sizes of Cd(OH)2 crystallites were difficult to quantify. High charge and discharge rates promoted greater aggregation and redistribution of active material towards the electrode edge. This resulted in a considerable decrease in the available pore volume per unit mass of active material and in extreme cases to localized pore blockage. The trapping of Cd metal by highly crystalline, unchargeable hexagonal platelets of (δ-Cd(OH)2 resulted in about 50% of the active material becoming obsolete after 100 cycles at high charge and discharge rates. At this stage only the finely divided Cd metal in the electrode interior continued to function. Low charge rates gave deposits of more uniform size and distribution but these contained a high percentage of large Cd particles which discharged less efficiently than those produced at the high charge rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00616543
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling magnesium, phosphorus and potassium uptake by loblolly pine seedlings using a Barber-Cushman approach (1992)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 139 (1992), S. 209-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Barber-Cushman model ; Cli ; Imax ; loblolly pine ; nutrient uptake ; sensitivity analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The Barber-Cushman mechanistic nutrient uptake model, which has been utilized extensively to describe and predict nutrient uptake by crop plants, was evaluated for its ability to predict K, Mg, and P uptake by loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings. Sensitivity analyses were also used to investigate the impact of changes in soil nutrient supply, root morphological, and root uptake kinetics parameters on simulated nutrient uptake. Established experimental techniques were utilized to define the 11 parameters needed to model uptake by 1-0 seedlings of K, Mg, and P from a modified A horizon soil (Lilly series). Model predictions of K and P uptake over a 180-d growth period were underestimated by 6 and 11%, respectively. Estimates of Mg uptake were underestimated by 62%. While the level of agreement between predicted and observed K and P values was quite acceptable, analysis of parameter values and results of sensitivity analyses both indicated that the model underestimation of Mg uptake was the result of applying an Imax value developed under relatively low Mg concentration to a situation in which the functional Imax would be much higher due to the dominance of passive versus active uptake. Overall results of sensitivity analyses indicate that under the circumstances investigated, Imax, was the primary variable controlling plant uptake of K, Mg, and P. The dominance of this term over others was due to the relatively high Cli values for all three nutrients. Reducing (-50%) or increasing (+ 100%) other soil supply, root morphological, and remaining root uptake kinetics values did not substantially alter model estimates of nutrient uptake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00009312
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