Publication Date:
2015-07-15
Description:
Cell division requires the precise coordination of chromosome segregation and cytokinesis. This coordination is achieved by the recruitment of an actomyosin regulator, Ect2, to overlapping microtubules at the centre of the elongating anaphase spindle. Ect2 then signals to the overlying cortex to promote the assembly and constriction of an actomyosin ring between segregating chromosomes. Here, by studying division in proliferating Drosophila and human cells, we demonstrate the existence of a second, parallel signalling pathway, which triggers the relaxation of the polar cell cortex at mid anaphase. This is independent of furrow formation, centrosomes and microtubules and, instead, depends on PP1 phosphatase and its regulatory subunit Sds22 (refs 2, 3). As separating chromosomes move towards the polar cortex at mid anaphase, kinetochore-localized PP1-Sds22 helps to break cortical symmetry by inducing the dephosphorylation and inactivation of ezrin/radixin/moesin proteins at cell poles. This promotes local softening of the cortex, facilitating anaphase elongation and orderly cell division. In summary, this identifies a conserved kinetochore-based phosphatase signal and substrate, which function together to link anaphase chromosome movements to cortical polarization, thereby coupling chromosome segregation to cell division.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rodrigues, Nelio T L -- Lekomtsev, Sergey -- Jananji, Silvana -- Kriston-Vizi, Janos -- Hickson, Gilles R X -- Baum, Buzz -- BB/K009001/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- England -- Nature. 2015 Aug 27;524(7566):489-92. doi: 10.1038/nature14496. Epub 2015 Jul 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK. ; Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada. ; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada. ; Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK. ; CelTisPhyBio Labex, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26168397" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
Keywords:
Actins/metabolism
;
Anaphase
;
Animals
;
Cell Polarity
;
Centrosome/metabolism
;
Chromatin/metabolism
;
*Chromosome Segregation
;
Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism
;
Drosophila melanogaster/*cytology/enzymology/genetics/metabolism
;
Female
;
Humans
;
Kinetochores/enzymology/*metabolism
;
Male
;
Membrane Proteins/metabolism
;
Microfilament Proteins/metabolism
;
Microtubules/metabolism
;
Phosphorylation
;
Protein Phosphatase 1/*metabolism
;
Signal Transduction
Print ISSN:
0028-0836
Electronic ISSN:
1476-4687
Topics:
Biology
,
Chemistry and Pharmacology
,
Medicine
,
Natural Sciences in General
,
Physics
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