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  • 1
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    Basin‐scale predictive models of alluvial architecture: Constraints from the Palaeocene–Eocene, Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, USA (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract Basin‐scale models are required to interpret ancient continental sedimentary successions, and reduce uncertainty in assessing geological resources in basins. Recently, modern studies show distributive fluvial systems to comprise a substantial proportion of modern sedimentary basins, but their role in ancient basin fills has yet to be quantitatively documented at the basin scale. This study analysed key fluvial characteristics to construct a detailed basin‐wide model of the Palaeogene Fort Union and Willwood formations (Bighorn Basin, Wyoming), using observations from modern studies, and ancient system scale studies of distributive fluvial systems, to guide interpretations. Mapping showed these formations to be highly heterogeneous with channel‐body proportion (from 12 to 81%) and geometry types (large amalgamated bodies to isolated channels), grain size (silt to conglomerate), average channel‐body thickness (4 to 20 m) and average storey thickness (3 to 10 m) varying significantly across the basin. Distributive fluvial systems in the form of alluvial and fluvial fans in transverse configurations were recognized as well as a wide axial system, with heterogeneity in the formations being closely aligned to these interpretations. Furthermore, numerous individual depositional systems were identified within the formations (Beartooth Absaroka, Washakie, Owl Creek and axial). Predicted downstream distributive fluvial system trends (i.e. downstream decrease in channel proportion, size and grain size) were identified in the Beartooth, Absaroka and Owl Creek systems. However, predicted trends were not identified in the Washakie system where intrabasinal thrusting disturbed the sequence. Importantly, a wide axial fluvial system was identified, where reverse downstream distributive fluvial system trends were present, interpreted to be the result of the input of transverse systems of variable size. This study provides a new level of detail in the application of basin‐scale models, demonstrating their usefulness in trying to understand and predict alluvial architecture distribution and heterogeneity, with important implications for economic resources and palaeogeographic reconstructions.
    Print ISSN: 0037-0746
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-3091
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Wiley
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  • 2
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    Black carbon aerosol dynamics and isotopic composition in Alaska linked with boreal fire emissions and depth of burn in organic soils (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-09
    Description: Black carbon (BC) aerosol emitted by boreal fires has the potential to accelerate losses of snow and ice in many areas of the Arctic, yet the importance of this source relative to fossil fuel BC emissions from lower latitudes remains uncertain. Here we present measurements of the isotopic composition of BC and organic carbon (OC) aerosols collected at two locations in interior Alaska during the summer of 2013, as part of NASA's Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment. We isolated BC from fine air particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) and measured its radiocarbon (Δ 14 C) content with accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). We show that fires were the dominant contributor to variability in carbonaceous aerosol mass in interior Alaska during the summer by comparing our measurements with satellite data, measurements from an aerosol network, and predicted concentrations from a fire inventory coupled to an atmospheric transport model. The Δ 14 C of BC from boreal fires was 131 ± 52‰ in year 2013 when the Δ 14 C of atmospheric CO 2 was 23 ± 3‰, corresponding to a mean fuel age of 20 years. Fire-emitted OC had a similar Δ 14 C (99 ± 21‰) as BC, but during background (low fire) periods OC (45 to 51‰) was more positive than BC (−354 to −57‰). We also analyzed the carbon and nitrogen elemental and stable isotopic composition of the PM 2.5 . Fire-emitted aerosol had an elevated carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio (29 ± 2) and δ 15 N (16 ± 4‰). Aerosol Δ 14 C and δ 13 C measurements were consistent with a mean depth of burning in organic soil horizons of 20 cm (and a range of 8 to 47 cm). Our measurements of fire-emitted BC and PM 2.5 composition constrain the endmember of boreal forest fire contributions to aerosol deposition in the Arctic and may ultimately reduce uncertainties related to the impact of a changing boreal fire regime on the climate system.
    Print ISSN: 0886-6236
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-9224
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 3
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    NextGen Voices: Quality mentoring (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-10-05
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Structure of HDAC3 bound to co-repressor and inositol tetraphosphate (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-01-11
    Description: Histone deacetylase enzymes (HDACs) are emerging cancer drug targets. They regulate gene expression by removing acetyl groups from lysine residues in histone tails, resulting in chromatin condensation. The enzymatic activity of most class I HDACs requires recruitment into multi-subunit co-repressor complexes, which are in turn recruited to chromatin by repressive transcription factors. Here we report the structure of a complex between an HDAC and a co-repressor, namely, human HDAC3 with the deacetylase activation domain (DAD) from the human SMRT co-repressor (also known as NCOR2). The structure reveals two remarkable features. First, the SMRT-DAD undergoes a large structural rearrangement on forming the complex. Second, there is an essential inositol tetraphosphate molecule--D-myo-inositol-(1,4,5,6)-tetrakisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5,6)P(4))--acting as an 'intermolecular glue' between the two proteins. Assembly of the complex is clearly dependent on the Ins(1,4,5,6)P(4), which may act as a regulator--potentially explaining why inositol phosphates and their kinases have been found to act as transcriptional regulators. This mechanism for the activation of HDAC3 appears to be conserved in class I HDACs from yeast to humans, and opens the way to novel therapeutic opportunities.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3272448/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3272448/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Watson, Peter J -- Fairall, Louise -- Santos, Guilherme M -- Schwabe, John W R -- 085408/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 100237/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- WT085408/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2012 Jan 9;481(7381):335-40. doi: 10.1038/nature10728.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Henry Wellcome Laboratories of Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22230954" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Conserved Sequence ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Enzyme Activation/drug effects ; Histone Deacetylases/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Inositol Phosphates/*chemistry/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Multiprotein Complexes/chemistry/metabolism ; Nuclear Receptor Co-Repressor 2/*chemistry ; Protein Multimerization/drug effects ; Protein Structure, Tertiary/drug effects ; Structure-Activity Relationship
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 5
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    Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production: Combine Effluent Treatment with Energy Generation in UASB Reactor as Biorefinery Annex (2014)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-26
    Description: The issue of residues and industrial effluents represents an unprecedented environmental challenge in terms of recovery, storage, and treatment. This work discusses the perspectives of treating effluents through anaerobic digestion as well as reporting the experience of using an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor as biorefinery annex in a pulp and paper industrial plant to be burned in the boilers. The performance of the reactors has shown to be stable under considerable variations in load and showed a significant potential in terms of biogas production. The reactors UASB treated 3600.00 m3 of effluent daily from a production of 150.00 tons. The biogas generation was 234.000 kg/year/mill, equivalent in combustible oil. The results of methane gas generated by the anaerobic system UASB (8846.00 kcal/m3) dislocate the equivalent of 650.0 kg of combustible oil (10000.00 kcal/kg) per day (or 234.000 kg/year). The production of 8846.00 Kcal/m3 of energy from biogas can make a run at industrial plant for 2 hours. This substitution can save US$ 128.700 annually (or US$ 550.0 of fuel oil/tons). The companies are invested in the use of the biogas in diesel stationary motors cycle that feed the boilers with water in case of storage electricity.
    Print ISSN: 1687-806X
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-8078
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 6
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    Distinct styles of fluvial deposition in a cambrian rift basin (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-18
    Description: Process-based and facies models to account for the origin of pre-vegetation (i.e. pre-Silurian) preserved fluvial sedimentary architectures remain poorly defined in terms of their ability to account for the nature of the fluvial conditions required to accumulate and preserve architectural elements in the absence of the stabilizing influence of vegetation. In pre-vegetation fluvial successions, the repeated re-working of bars and minor-channels that resulted in the generation and preservation of broad, tabular, stacked sandstone sheets has previously been regarded as the dominant sedimentary mechanism. This situation is closely analogous to modern-day poorly-vegetated systems developed in arid climatic settings. However, this study demonstrates the widespread presence of substantially more complex stratigraphic architectures. The Guarda Velha Formation of Southern Brazil is a 〉500 m thick synrift fluvial succession of Cambrian age that records the deposits and sedimentary architecture of three distinct fluvial successions: (i) an early rift-stage system characterized by coarse-grained channel elements indicative of a distributive pattern with flow transverse to the basin axis; and two coeval systems from the early to climax-rift stages that represent (ii) an axially-directed, trunk fluvial system characterized by large-scale amalgamated sandy braid-bar elements, and (iii) a distributive fluvial system characterized by multi-storey, sandy braided-channel elements that flowed transverse to the basin axis. Integration of facies and architectural-element analysis with regional stratigraphic basin analysis, palaeocurrent and pebble-provenance analysis demonstrates the mechanisms responsible for preserving the varied range of fluvial architectures present in this pre-vegetation, rift-basin setting. Identified major controls that influenced pre-vegetation fluvial sedimentary style include: (i) spatial and temporal variation in discharge regime; (ii) the varying sedimentological characteristics of distinct catchment areas; (iii) the role of tectonic basin configuration and its direct role in influencing palaeoflow direction and fluvial style, whereby both the axial and transverse fluvial systems undertook a distinctive response to syndepositional movement on basin-bounding faults. Detailed architectural analyses of these deposits reveal significant variations in geometry, with characteristics considerably more complex than that of simple, laterally extensive, stacked sandstone-sheets predicted by most existing depositional models for pre-vegetation fluvial systems. These results suggest that the sheet-braided style actually encompasses a varied number of different pre-vegetation fluvial styles. Moreover, this study demonstrates that contemporaneous axial and transverse fluvial systems with distinctive architectural expressions can be preserved in the same overall tectonic and climatic setting. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0037-0746
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-3091
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Wiley
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Na2 X 1 Σ g + and (1)1Π g electronic states long range analysis (1995)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 32 (1995), S. 321-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: 34.10 ; 34.20 ; 33.20.K
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper the Na2 X 1 Σ g + and (1)1Π g electronic states long range tail functional behavior is analysed in the light of multipolar expansion theory combined with damping functions. The experimental data used here is the one reported by Barrow et al. [1]. In the present paper this experimental data is used in a nonlinear reduction to van der WaalsC n constants using the multipolar expansion Σ n C n /r n . Since the internuclear distance reached by the biggest part of the data is still out of the Le Roy's region (where the internuclear distance must be greater thanr lim: $$r_{\lim } = 2\left( {\left\langle {r_A^2 } \right\rangle ^{{1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 2}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} 2}} + \left\langle {r_B^2 } \right\rangle ^{{1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 2}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} 2}} } \right),$$ being the outermost electron orbital radii for the 〈r A 〉 and 〈r B 〉 two atoms), the exchange energy must be taken into account. Due to the fact that the 1/r n expansion diverges whenr→0, the damping functions has been included in order to prevent this. The obtained values for theC n coefficients, as well as the exchange energy constants, show a good agreement with the theoretical available data, for both electronic states.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01437276
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 8
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    Quantifying archaeal community autotrophy in the mesopelagic ocean using natural radiocarbon (2006)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-13
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 9
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    Chemotaxis and adherence to fungal surfaces are key components of the behavioral response of Burkholderia terrae BS001 to two selected soil fungi (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-10
    Description: Burkholderia terrae BS001 has previously been proposed to be a ‘generalist’ associate of soil fungi, but its strategies of interaction have been largely ignored. Here, we studied the chemotactic behavior of B. terrae BS001 towards Lyophyllum sp. strain Karsten and Trichoderma asperellum 302 and the role of fungal surface molecules in their physical interaction with the bacteria. To assess the involvement of the type 3 secretion system (T3SS), wild-type strain BS001 and T3SS mutant strain BS001- sctD were used in the experiments. First, the two fungi showed divergent behavior when confronted with B. terrae BS001 on soil extract agar medium. Lyophyllum sp. strain Karsten revealed slow growth towards the bacterium, whereas T. asperellum 302 grew avidly over it. Both on soil extract and M9 agar, B. terrae BS001 and BS001- sctD moved chemotactically towards the hyphae of both fungi, with a stronger response to Lyophyllum sp. strain Karsten than to T. asperellum 302. The presence of a progressively increasing glycerol level in the M9 agar enhanced the level of movement. Different oxalic acid concentrations exerted varied effects, with a significantly raised chemotactic response at lower, and a subdued response at higher concentrations. Testing of the adherence of B. terrae BS001 and BS001- sctD to Lyophyllum sp. strain Karsten and to cell envelope-extracted ceramide monohexosides (CMHs) revealed that CMHs in both conidia and hyphae could bind strain BS001 cells. As BS001- sctD adhered significantly less to the CMHs than BS001, the T3SS was presumed to have a role in the interaction. In contrast, such avid adherence was not detected with T. asperellum 302. Thus, B. terrae BS001 shows a behavior characterized by swimming towards Lyophyllum sp. strain Karsten and T. asperellum 302 and attachment to the CMH moiety in the cell envelope, in particular of the former.
    Print ISSN: 0168-6496
    Electronic ISSN: 1574-6941
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    Electron loss from fast heavy ions: Target-scaling dependence (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-05
    Description: Author(s): R. D. DuBois, A. C. F. Santos, G. M. Sigaud, and E. C. Montenegro The target dependence for projectile electron loss is investigated using experimental data taken from the literature. Impact energies range from a few tens of eV/u to tens of MeV/u. For energies less than several MeV/u, the target dependences are shown to be very similar, independent of projectile s... [Phys. Rev. A 84, 022702] Published Thu Aug 04, 2011
    Keywords: Atomic and molecular collisions and interactions
    Print ISSN: 1050-2947
    Electronic ISSN: 1094-1622
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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