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  • 1
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    Diversity and dynamics of dendritic signaling (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-10-29
    Description: Communication between neurons in the brain occurs primarily through synapses made onto elaborate treelike structures called dendrites. New electrical and optical recording techniques have led to tremendous advances in our understanding of how dendrites contribute to neuronal computation in the mammalian brain. The varied morphology and electrical and chemical properties of dendrites enable a spectrum of local and long-range signaling, defining the input-output relationship of neurons and the rules for induction of synaptic plasticity. In this way, diversity in dendritic signaling allows individual neurons to carry out specialized functions within their respective networks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hausser, M -- Spruston, N -- Stuart, G J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 27;290(5492):739-44.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK. m.hausser@ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11052929" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Brain/physiology ; Calcium Signaling ; Dendrites/*physiology ; Electrophysiology ; Humans ; Ion Channel Gating ; Ion Channels/physiology ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/physiology ; Neurotransmitter Agents/physiology ; Protein Biosynthesis ; *Signal Transduction ; Synapses/*physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Differential shunting of EPSPs by action potentials (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-01-06
    Description: Neurons encode information and communicate via action potentials, which are generated following the summation of synaptic events. It is commonly assumed that action potentials reset the membrane potential completely, allowing another round of synaptic integration to begin. We show here that the conductances underlying the action potential act instead as a variable reset of synaptic integration. The strength of this reset is cell type-specific and depends on the kinetics, location, and timing of the synaptic input. As a consequence, distal synapses, as well as inputs mediated by N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor activation, can contribute disproportionately to synaptic integration during action potential firing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hausser, M -- Major, G -- Stuart, G J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jan 5;291(5501):138-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK. m.hausser@ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11141567" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Action Potentials/drug effects ; Animals ; Computer Simulation ; Dendrites/drug effects/physiology ; Electric Stimulation ; *Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials/drug effects ; Kinetics ; Magnesium/pharmacology ; Models, Neurological ; Neocortex/cytology/physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Purkinje Cells/*physiology ; Pyramidal Cells/*physiology ; Rats ; Receptors, AMPA/physiology ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/physiology ; Synapses/physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission ; Tetrodotoxin/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Dependence of EPSP efficacy on synapse location in neocortical pyramidal neurons (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-09
    Description: Neurons receive thousands of synaptic inputs throughout elaborate dendritic trees. Here we determine the somatic impact of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) generated at known dendritic sites in neocortical pyramidal neurons. As inputs became more distal, somatic EPSP amplitude decreased, whereas use-dependent depression increased. Despite marked attenuation (〉40-fold), when coactivated within a narrow time window (approximately 10 milliseconds), distal EPSPs could directly influence action potential output following dendritic spike generation. These findings reveal that distal EPSPs are ineffective sources of background somatic excitation, but through coincidence detection have a powerful transient signaling role.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Williams, Stephen R -- Stuart, Greg J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 8;295(5561):1907-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11884759" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Axons/physiology ; Dendrites/*physiology ; *Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Neocortex/cytology/*physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Pyramidal Cells/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Synapses/*physiology ; Synaptic Transmission
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Use of a high-precision gravity survey to understand the formation of oceanic crust and the role of melt at the southern Red Sea rift in Afar, Ethiopia (2015)
    Geological Society (of London)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-18
    Description: The Red Sea arm of the triple junction in northeastern Ethiopia provides an opportunity to investigate rift-forming processes at divergent boundaries. In an attempt to study the subsurface, especially the distribution and role of melt in the rifting process, we carried out a high-precision gravity survey with a mean-square error of 0.011 mgal, assisted by differential global positioning system measurements. The profile is 162 km long and strikes ENE–WSW across the southern part of the Red Sea rift at a latitude of approximately 11.75° N. Modelling of the Bouguer anomaly, constrained by a priori information, showed detailed in-rift variations in the crustal structure and the distribution of melt beneath the rift axis. Our interpretation suggested that the process of continental break-up is governed by crustal stretching and rifting accompanied by the emplacement of melt into the lower crust above a lower density upper mantle. In addition, we interpreted the thickness of the crust beneath this part of the rift axis to be 25 km. The subsurface distribution of density beneath the profile shows that the south-central part of the Red Sea rift has modified thinned crust, intruded by high-density material, which resembles the crust formed during seafloor spreading.
    Print ISSN: 0305-8719
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society (of London)
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