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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 608 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 405 (2000), S. 347-351 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The prefrontal cortex is essential for the temporal integration of sensory information in behavioural and linguistic sequences. Such information is commonly encoded in more than one sense modality, notably sight and sound. Connections from sensory cortices to the prefrontal cortex support ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 769 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 49 (1965), S. 605-622 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Intracelluläre Ableitungen wurden von Neuronen des Corpus geniculatum laterale und der Area striata von Kaninchen durchgeführt. Die Tiere waren entweder in Nembutalanaesthesie oder in einigen Fällen in Lokalanaesthesie. 1. In Dunkelheit zeigen die Geniculatumzellen unregelmäßig verteilte excitatorische postsynaptische Potentiale (EPSP) oder, besonders in leichter Anaesthesie und Buhe, rhythmische Folgen großer hyperpolarisierender und depolarisierender Potentiale. Letztere führen zu gruppierten Zellentladungen. Bei corticalen Neuronen fanden sich unregelmäßig gemischt EPSPs und IPSPs sowie rhythmische, langsame Schwankungen des Membranpotentials. Es bestanden enge Phasenbeziehungen zwischen diesen Potentialschwankungen und den Wellen des Elektrocorticogramms. 2. Die Reaktion von Geniculatum- wie auch von corticalen Zellen auf diffuse Beleuchtung der Retina war im allgemeinen zusammengesetzt aus EPSPs und IPSPs. Zwei Hauptreaktionstypen wurden gefunden: Der eine charakterisiert durch primäre EPSP bei „Licht-an“ und primäre IPSP bei „Licht-aus“, der andere mit umgekehrter Reaktion. Bei diffuser Beleuchtung folgt dem primären EPSP in der Regel eine PSP-Gruppe umgekehrter Polarität. Im Geniculatum führten EPSPs häufiger zu Zellentladungen, besonders im Beginn eines Lichtreizes, während bei längerer Dauerbelichtung nur eine vermehrte synaptische Tätigkeit entsprechend der primären Reaktion zu beobachten war. Im Cortex war in der Regel nur eine kurze initiale postsynaptische Reaktion zu sehen, während schon nach 100–200 msec kein wesentlicher Unterschied zur postsynaptischen Spontantätigkeit zu finden war. Längere und ausgeprägtere Reaktionen wurden im Geniculatum bei punktförmiger Reizung des rezeptiven Feldes gefunden. 3. Die Amplitude der primären postsynaptischen Reaktionen (IPSP oder EPSP) ist abhängig von der Lichtintensität. Die Beziehung entspricht einer Potenzfunktion, kann allerdings auch durch eine Exponentialfunktion ausgedrückt werden. 4. Bei kurzen Lichtblitzen zunehmender Frequenz kommt es zu Interaktionen von EPSPs und IPSPs, die zum Teil die kritische Flimmer-frequenz bestimmen. 5. Die Reaktion von Geniculatum- und corticalen Neuronen auf einen elektrischen Reiz des Nervus opticus besteht in einem EPSP, das von einem IPSP gefolgt wird. Diese Hemmung wird durch rekurrierende Kollateralen erklärt. 6. Es wird auf charakteristische neurophysiologische Eigenschaften von corticalen und Geniculatumneuronen hingewiesen und die Unterschiede der spontanen und lichtinduzierten postsynaptischen Aktivität in beiden Strukturen werden besonders betont. Die Bedeutung kollateraler Hemmung im visuellen System wird hervorgehoben und die Ergebnisse mit denen extracellulärer Studien verglichen.
    Notes: Summary Intracellular records were taken from neurons of the lateral geniculate body and of the striate cortex in rabbits. 1. In darkness geniculate units showed random series of only EPSP's or rhythmical sequences of large hyperpolarizing potentials alternating with depolarizing ones, these producing grouped spike discharges. Cortical units showed both EPSP's and IPSP's either in irregular succession or in form of rhythmical waves. These waves were most frequently observed in animals anesthetized with Nembutal. Phase relationships were found between intracellularly recorded potentials of cortical cells and the surface EEG. 2. In geniculate as well as in cortical cells intracellularly recorded responses to diffuse illumination of the retina were generally composite of EPSP's and IPSP's. Two main types of cells were found: one characterized by primary EPSP in the response at light-on and primary IPSP at light-off; the cither characterized by the reverse primary reactions. A primary PSP is frequently followed by one or more PSP's of the opposite polarity. The magnitude of postsynaptic reactions of geniculate cells was seen to be related to intensity of light stimulation according to a power function. 3. Using repetitive brief flashes at various frequencies interactions of EPSP's and IPSP's were found to determine the critical flicker frequency (CFF) of central units. 4. The reaction of geniculate and cortical cells to electric shock in the optic tract consisted of an EPSP followed by a large and long IPSP. 5. While pointing out some general properties of cortical and geniculate cells, differences of spontaneous and evoked postsynaptic activity in the two structures are emphasized. The results are discussed in the context of knowledge previously acquired by extracellular studies. The role of collateral inhibition in central parts of the visual system is considered.
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2014-12-24
    Description: Previous studies have shown that neurons of monkey dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) integrate information across modalities and maintain it throughout the delay period of working-memory (WM) tasks. However, the mechanisms of this temporal integration in the DLPFC are still poorly understood. In the present study, to further elucidate the role of the DLPFC in crossmodal WM, we trained monkeys to perform visuo–haptic (VH) crossmodal and haptic–haptic (HH) unimodal WM tasks. The neuronal activity recorded in the DLPFC in the delay period of both tasks indicates that the early-delay differential activity probably is related to the encoding of sample information with different strengths depending on task modality, that the late-delay differential activity reflects the associated (modality-independent) action component of haptic choice in both tasks (that is, the anticipation of the behavioral choice and/or active recall and maintenance of sample information for subsequent action), and that the sustained whole-delay differential activity likely bridges and integrates the sensory and action components. In addition, the VH late-delay differential activity was significantly diminished when the haptic choice was not required. Taken together, the results show that, in addition to the whole-delay differential activity, DLPFC neurons also show early- and late-delay differential activities. These previously unidentified findings indicate that DLPFC is capable of (i) holding the coded sample information (e.g., visual or tactile information) in the early-delay activity, (ii) retrieving the abstract information (orientations) of the sample (whether the sample has been haptic or visual) and holding it in the late-delay activity, and (iii) preparing for behavioral choice acting on that abstract information.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2001-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0896-6273
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-4199
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Cell Press
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2003-10-01
    Print ISSN: 1097-6256
    Electronic ISSN: 1546-1726
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1997-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0166-2236
    Electronic ISSN: 1878-108X
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Cell Press
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1984-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0166-2236
    Electronic ISSN: 1878-108X
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Cell Press
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1998-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0896-6273
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-4199
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Cell Press
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