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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of Lithium Chloride/Ambient-Temperature 1-Methyl-3-ethylimidazolium Chloride-Aluminum Chloride Ionic Liquids. 1. Ion Interactions in a Neutral Tetrachloroaluminate Melt (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 34 (1995), S. 2371-2376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic00113a018
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of iron(III) with a copper selective electrode (1977)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 49 (1977), S. 497-499 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac50011a040
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of square-wave voltammetry for the determination of ascorbic acid in soft drinks and fruit juices using a flow-injection system
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Analytica Chimica Acta 261 (1992), S. 375-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-2670
    Keywords: Ascorbic acid ; Flow system ; Fruit juices ; Soft drinks ; Voltammetry
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0003-2670(92)80216-T
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyclic voltammetric investigation of the formation of intermetallic phases at a LiAl electrode in methyl acetate (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 22 (1992), S. 255-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The formation of various Li/Al intermetallic phases at the LiAl electrode in methyl acetate was studied using cyclic voltammetry. The thickness of the α phase formed initially was estimated using the deposition and stripping method to be 1.1 nm. Repetitive cycling at the α or β phase potential led to a drastic increase in current over the first ten cycles before reaching a steady state. The formation of the β phase depended critically on the deposition potential and its presence at the electrode surface led to enhanced current in the reverse sweep, increased acceptance of deposited lithium, roughening and development of the area of the electrode upon cycling. The above effects were attributed to the difference in the lattice structure of the β phase as compared to the α phase, which greatly affected the electrode kinetics upon phase transition. The deposition of the more reactive LiAl alloys at more cathodic potential, namely −3.80 V, led to the formation of a passivating film which was broken down at more cathodic potential when the electrode surface had undergone vigorous chemical reaction with the solvent. Methyl acetoacetate was identified using i.r., n.m.r., u.v. and electrochemical techniques to be the major reaction product and a possible reaction mechanism was proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01030186
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of the 1-methyl-3-ethylimidazolium chloride-AlCl3/LiAlCl4 system for lithium battery application Part I: Physical properties and preliminary chronopotentiometric study (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 23 (1993), S. 346-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The applicability of the 1-methyl-3-ethylimidazolium chloride — AlCl3 system for lithium battery application was investigated. Lithium chloride was found to dissolve up to 1.59 mole ratio of LiAlCl4/MeEtImAlCl4 upon reaction between LiCl and AlCl3 in the melt. Density, conductivity and viscosity of the melt upon addition of LiAlCl4 were determined. The density was found to increase monotonically from 1280 to 1480 kg m−3, while the conductivity decreased rapidly from the initial value of 5.6 mS to a steady plateau at 3.4 mS. The viscosity was varied from 1.46 Ns m−2 to a small but distinct initial fall prior to rising to 2.75 Ns m−2 when the mole ratio of LiAlCl4 increased from zero to 1.59. The chronopotentiometric studies indicate a satisfactory electrochemical behaviour with no apparent attack of the melt by the formation of the reactive lithium alloys. 350 cycles were achieved with cycling efficiency over 90% using an optimal c.d. of 6 mA cm−2 for lithium deposition on aluminium substrate in the melt. Prolonged cycling improved the nucleation rate but led to an increase in the internal resistance and a gradual reduction in the charge and discharge capacity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296690
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of the kinetics of the lithium/aluminium electrode in molten LiCl-KCl by linear sweep voltammetry (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 12 (1982), S. 669-680 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The deposition of lithium on aluminium leads initially to the formation of a solid solution, followed by the precipitation of various lithium/aluminium alloys. Several fundamental phenomena such as monolayer formation and nucleation were shown to affect the kinetics of the deposition process. In the present investigation, the cyclic voltammetric technique (fast) was used to study these phenomena. It is a very useful technique for the qualitative understanding of the deposition process and in its scanning coulometric modification, which is also utilised in this investigation, it can provide useful semiquantitative information. Voltammetric profiles corresponding to the formation of theα-phase (a solid solution of Li and Al), theβ-phase (LiAl) and theγ-phase (Li3Al) amongst others, were identified and their characteristics investigated. The results are discussed against the background of the possible vitiating effects of impurities in the present paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00617487
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrochemical deposition of superconductor alloy precursor in a low melting molten salt medium (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 27 (1997), S. 857-861 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The applicability of the room temperature molten salt medium based on the 1-methyl-3-ethylimidazolium chloride/AlCl3 (MeEtImCl/AlCl3) system for the deposition of superconductor alloy precursors (Bi–Sr–Ca–Cu) was investigated. Problems of poor solubility of the constituent metal salts in the neutral melt and aluminium codeposition in the acidic melt were identified for the use of the chloroaluminate room temperature molten salt. Thus, a novel all-chloride molten system (MeEtImCl) was developed in the present work and used at 120°C. Cyclic voltammetry was used to investigate the suitability of Pt, Al, Ti, Cu and Ag as substrate for alloy deposition and aluminium was found to be the best for depositing alkaline earth metal alloys. The working deposition conditions were a constant potential of –1.72V for 75s in an electrolytic bath containing BiCl3 (0.068mol), SrCl2 (0.50mol), CaCl2 (0.18mol) and CuCl2 (0.050mol) in 1kg MeEtImCl (6.83mol). The compositions of the electrodeposits obtained were in close agreement with the mole ratios of the Bi–Sr–Ca–Cu superconductor alloy precursor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018433114569
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyclic chronopotentiometric studies of the LiAl anode in methyl acetate (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 19 (1989), S. 239-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The applicability of methyl acetate as a solvent for ambient temperature lithium secondary batteries was investigated using cyclic chronopotentiometry. Methyl acetate was found to be stable towards lithium-aluminium alloys and cycling up to more than 300 cycles was obtained with about 90% cycling efficiency. Water and other organic impurities have been identified in methyl acetate and a thorough purification procedure has been used to reduce these to acceptable levels. LiAsF6, LiPF6, LiClO4 and LiBF4 were investigated for use as supporting electrolytes and LiAsF6 was found to be the best in terms of cycling efficiency, longer cycling numbers and yielding the lowest corrosion capacity loss rate. The development of the LiAl anode upon cycling was observed in parallel with the reduction in nucleation polarization potential, the increase in cycling efficiency, the lowering of concentration polarization at the electrode surface and the more ready acceptance of lithium deposition at the developed electrode. The optimum conditions for the development of the LiAl anode were found to exist at a current density of 5 mA cm−2 and a charge density of 0.5 C cm−2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01062307
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in aerosol by differential pulse polarography (1988)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 331 (1988), S. 490-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The application of a sensitive electroanalytical technique for the analysis of N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) in aerosol was investigated. Cyclic voltammetric studies of the reduction of MNNG in acidic media showed three reduction waves. The first reduction step was assigned to be the reduction of the nitroso group and the second and third steps the reduction of the nitro group. The second peak was selected for the analysis as it was found to give a constant high current at pH below 1 and it was stable up to 40 days under normal daylight exposure and bubbling air at slow flow rate. Optimised parameters for the sensitive differential pulse polarographic technique were determined and the sampling conditions were investigated. The standard addition method was used to reduce the marix interference and the peak current was measured by the difference of current before and after UV irradiation so as to eliminate the interference caused by trace metals and electroactive and UV stable organic compounds present in air. The developed method was used to analyse MNNG aerosol in an animal room. The detection limit was found to be about 3 μg/m3 for a sampling period of 48 h with a flow rate of 100 ml/min for the scrubbing method, whereas for the membrane filter method it was about 0.1 μg/m3 for a sampling period of 8h at a flow rate of 4.9 l/min.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00467036
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of dual-pulse staircase voltammetry for simultaneous determination of glucose and fructose (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 7 (1995), S. 160-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Dual pulse staircase voltammetry ; Glucose analysis ; Fructose analysis ; Food analysis ; Sugar analysis ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new electroanalytical method, DPSV, employing dual pulses (0.7V and -0.8V) prior to anodic scan (using staircase voltammetry) is developed for simultaneous determination of glucose and fructose. The electrochemistry of both sugars was studied prior to optimizing the operational parameters. The linear ranges were found to be 0.01-2.0 mM for both sugars, precisions (mean = 0.10 mM and n = 8) 1.8% and 2.4% and detection limits (estimated by 3 times the standard deviation) 0.001 and 0.003 mM for glucose and fructose, respectively. To establish the reliability of the method, various food additives were tested and found to give no interference effect under normal concentrations. HPLC method was carried out in parallel with the method for analyzing food, drink and honey samples. No statistically significant difference in the results was obtained for methods.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140070212
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