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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 54 (1982), S. 45-57 
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 56 (1984), S. 48-63 
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 1659-1677 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Platyhelminths ; Trematoda ; hermaphroditic digeneans ; intra-specific pairing ; interspecific pairing ; behavior ; chemical communication ; pheromones ; lipids ; sterols
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Adult hermaphroditic digenetic trematodes show a tendency to pair or aggregate in vivo, on the chick chorioallantois, and in vitro. Intraspecific pairing studies onEchinostoma revolutum, Leucochloridiomorpha constantiae, andAmblosoma suwaense are reviewed. Lipophilic excretory-secretory products are involved in chemical communication in hermaphroditic digeneans. Free sterols are involved in chemical attraction inL. constantiae andE. revolutum and sterol esters play a similar role inA. suwaense. In vitro pairing betweenE. revolutum and various other digenean species suggest that interspecific pairing occurs in Digenea and that nonspecific factors are involved.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Schistosoma mansoni ; Platyhelminthes ; Trematoda ; blood flukes ; thin-layer chromatography ; densitometry ; lipids ; cholesterol ; excretory-secretory products ; in vitro maintenance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Densitometric thin-layer Chromatographic analysis was used to quantitate cholesterol in 6-week-old male, female, and worm-pairs ofSchistosoma mansoni, and their excretory-secretory (E-S) products. Males extracted immediately after removal from mice had 1.2–1.5 μg cholesterol/worm, whereas those incubated for 0.5 hr in Earle's balanced solution at 37 ° C contained 0.8–1.5 μg cholesterol/ worm. Females extracted immediately after removal from hosts contained 130 ng cholesterol/worm. Females accumulated considerable cholesterol during incubation and had 420 ng cholesterol/ worm at 0.5 hr. Worm-pairs extracted at 0 hr had 1.9–2.8 μg cholesterol/pair and 1.2–1.5 μg cholesterol/ pair when extracted at 0.5 hr postincubation. Following incubation for 0.5 hr, males released 12–28 ng cholesterol/ worm (average 21), females released 8–13 ng cholesterol/ worm (average 11), and worm-pairs released 3–13 ng cholesterol/worm-pair (average 8).
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-5192
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The life-cycle of Echinostoma trivolvis (Cort, 1914) has been completed experimentally and the validity and identity of this species are discussed. Synonyms for cercariae and adults of E. trivolvis are as follows: Cercaria trivolvis Cort, 1914, C. trisolenata Faust, 1917, C. acanthostoma Faust, 1918, C. complexa Faust, 1919; Distoma echinatum Zeder, 1803, of Leidy (1888, 1904) and Hassall (1896); E. echinatum (Zeder, 1803) of Hassall (1896), Stiles & Hassall (1895), Barker & Laughlin (1911), Barker (1916) and Swales (1933); E. revolutum (Frölich, 1802) Dietz, 1909 of Johnson (1920), Fallis (1934), Beaver (1937) and Fried & co-workers (1968–1989); E. armigerum Barker & Irvine, 1915; E. coalitum Barker & Beaver, 1915; E. callawayensis Barker & Noll, 1915; E. paraulum Dietz, 1909 of Miller (1937); E. multispinosum Vigueras, 1944; and Echinoparyphium contiguum Barker & Bastron, 1915. The first intermediate host is the planorbid snail Helisoma trivolvis. Second intermediate hosts are various pulmonate and prosobranch snails, mussels, planarians, fishes, frogs, tadpoles and freshwater turtles. Final hosts are various birds and mammals. E. trivolvis occurs only in North America.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1065-1069 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Trematoda ; Echinostoma revolutum ; neutral lipids ; thinlayer chromatography ; histochemistry ; excretory system ; alimentary system ; reproductive system ; tegument ; pheromonal communication
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Since free sterol excretory-secretory (E-S) products are involved in pheromonal communication in adultEchinostoma revolutum (Trematoda), attempts were made to associate specific systems with the release of lipids from this organism. A micropipet design was used to isolate neutral lipids from the excretory system versus those obtained from both the alimentary and the reproductive systems. Tegumentary lipids were obtained by rubbing the surface of worms with gauze. As determined by thin-layer chromatography, the major neutral lipid obtained from all systems was free sterol. Additional minor neutral lipid fractions were obtained from the excretory, alimentary, and reproductive systems. Histochemical oil red O studies showed neutral lipids only in the excretory system. Neutral lipids released from all of the above-mentioned systems may play a role in pheromonal communication in this species.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 1293-1298 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Trematode ; digenetic ; Schistosoma mansoni ; Schistosoma japonicum ; Schistosoma haematobium ; chemoattraction ; sexual attraction ; interspecific ; fluke ; blood
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Heterosexual intra- and interspecific chemoattraction studies were done in polycarbonate chambers without barriers using 8- to 10-week-oldSchistosoma mansoni from mice, 10-week-oldSchistosoma japonicum from hamsters, and 14-week-oldSchistosoma haematobium from hamsters. Experiments were done for up to 4 hr at 37 °C in a humidified incubator. Single worms were not attracted to decoys or heat-killed worms. Heterosexual intraspecific and interspecific attraction was significant at all time points with all combinations. No clear differences were apparent between intra- and interspecific attraction. Differences between same and differentS. japonicum orS. haematobium pairs were not significant at any time point.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 20 (1994), S. 2645-2651 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Intraspecific chemoattraction ; interspecific chemoattraction ; Biomphalaria glabrata ; Helisoma trivolvis ; Gastropoda ; Planorbidae ; in vitro bioassay ; chemorepulsion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A Petri dish bioassay previously used to examine food preferences in planorbid snails was used to study intraspecific and interspecific chemoattraction inBiomphalaria glabrata (albino strain, M-line) andHelisoma trivolvis (Colorado strain) snails.B. glabrata snails showed significant intraspecific chemoattraction in the absence of visual cues and snail thigmotaxis.H. trivolvis snails also showed significant intraspecific chemoattraction. Interspecific chemoattraction between these species occurred in the bioassay, suggesting that the chemoattractants were not species specific. Artificial spring water conditioned by aqueous excretory-secretory products (snail-conditioned water) ofB. glabrata elicited significant intraspecific chemoattraction. However, lipophilic excretory-secretory products ofB. glabrata elicited significant chemorepulsion. Repellant factors in the lipophilic fraction were not characterized.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 22 (1996), S. 231-235 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Snail-conditioned water (SCW) ; neutral lipids ; free fatty acids ; Biomphalaria glabrata ; TLC ; densitometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Thin-layer chromatography was used to study neutral lipids in snail-conditioned water (SCW) fromBiomphalaria glabrata snails. A major lipid fraction in SCW at 2 and 4 hr after snail incubation contained free fatty acids. Fatty acids released per snail per milliliter of water when 10 snails were incubated in 5 ml of deionized water for 4 or 2 hr was 2.4±0.4 µg/ml and 0.9±0.1 µg/ml (mean ± SE), respectively. The amount released at 4 hr was significantly greater than at 2 hr. Snails also released free sterols, a sterol ester-hydrocarbon fraction, methyl esters, and other unidentified lipid fractions into the water. The potential of these neutral lipids to serve as chemoattractants for larval trematodes or snails remains to be determined.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: High-performance thin-layer chromatography ; Biomphalaria glabrata ; Helisoma trivolvis ; Lymnaea elodes ; sugars ; glucose ; maltose ; snail conditioned water ; mucus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The presence of sugars, particularly glucose, maltose, and sucrose, in the SCW of Biomphalaria glabrata, the two strains of Helisoma trivolvis, and Lymnaea elodes was variable, although only maltose was quantifiable in two samples of snail conditioned waters from B. glabrata. The only sugar detected in mucus was glucose, but it was below the lowest quantifiable amount in the mucus samples of B. glabrata and H. trivolvis. The mean percentage of glucose in the mucus of L. elodes was 0.0040% ± 0.00067%.
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