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  • 1
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    Unknown
    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-10-26
    Description: Geomagnetically trapped particle radiation - protons and electrons
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: On March 7, 1971, the first sunrise following the Apollo 14 mission, the Suprathermal Ion Detector Experiment (SIDE) deployed at the Apollo 14 site reported an intense flux of ions whose mass per charge was consistent with water vapor. The amount of water is examined, and the various acceleration processes, responsible for accelerating ions into the SIDE, are discussed. It is concluded that during most of the event the observed water vapor ions were accelerated by the negative lunar surface electric potential and, secondly, that this event was probably the result of mission associated water vapor, either from the LM ascent and descent stage rockets or from residual water in the descent stage tanks.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 18; 2109-211
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-05-22
    Description: Explorers xii and xiv measurements of electron intensity in magnetosphere, using cadmium sulfide total energy flux detectors and geiger-mueller tubes
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-05-22
    Description: Low energy electron distribution in outer portion of earth magnetosphere near geomagnetic equatorial plane - explorer satellite data
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-05-21
    Description: Morphology of electron distribution in outer radiation zone & near magnetospheric boundary
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-05-10
    Description: Explorers xii and xiv measurements of electron intensity in magnetosphere, using cadmium sulfide total energy flux detectors and geiger-mueller tubes
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS
    Type: COSPAR PAPER SUI-63-19
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The Apollo 14 Suprathermal Ion Detector Experiment observed a series of bursts of 48.6 eV water vapor ions at the lunar surface during a 14-hr period on Mar. 7, 1971. The maximum flux observed was 100 million ions per sq cm per sec per sr. These ions were also observed at Apollo 12, 183 km to the west. Evaluation of specific artificial sources including the Apollo missions and the Russian Lunokhod leads to the conclusion that the water vapor did not come from a man-made source. Natural sources exogenous to the moon such as comets and the solar wind are also found to be inadequate to explain the observed fluxes. Consequently, these water vapor ions appear to be of lunar origin.-
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: The Moon; 8; July-Aug
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Acceleration and detection of the lunar thermal ionosphere in the presence of the lunar electric field yields a value of at least +10 V for the lunar electric potential for solar zenith angles between approximately 20 and 45 deg and in the magnetosheath or solar wind. An enhanced positive ion flux is observed with the Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package Suprathermal Ion Detector Experiment when a preacceleration voltage attains certain values. This enhancement is greater when the moon is in the solar wind as opposed to the magnetosheath.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 78; Aug. 1
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  • 9
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Recurrent bursts of positive ions are a persistent feature of the data from the Apollo 12 and Apollo 14 Alsep suprathermal ion detectors. Most remarkable is the occasional occurrence of these events when the Alsep is deep in the lunar night. One such series of bursts seen during December 1969 starting approximately 4.7 days before sunrise at the Apollo 12 Alsep site is reported. These bursts have durations ranging up to 14 min and recur with a highly variable frequency. The ions have differential energy spectra with narrow peaks. The peak energies range from 10 to 1250 eV but are found most frequently in the vicinity of 250 to 500 eV. They can be seen when the field of view of the detector looks as close as 16 deg to the antisolar direction. Data from the ion-mass analyzer indicate that, unlike some similar events seen on other occasions, these ions have mass per unit charge less than 10 amu/q, and hence, are probably of solar-wind origin.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 77; Jan. 1
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: This paper reports some preliminary results from the suprathermal ion detectors deployed on the lunar surface by the Apollo 12 and 14 astronauts. Salient features of these results include: the possible observation of sporadic venting of gas from the lunar surface; evidence for a prompt ionization and acceleration mechanism operating in the lunar exosphere; and a preliminary measurement yielding approximately 1 month for the e-folding decay time for the heavier components of the exhaust gases from the Apollo lunar landing systems. Prominent phenomena from which these results have been derived are: (1) ion bursts of low to moderate energy seen in conjunction with lunar sunrise and sunset; (2) solar wind energy ions detected on the night side of the moon; (3) ions of several keV energy seen during the lunar sunset to midnight quadrant of the moon's orbit; (4) magnetosheath ion flux enhancements; (5) ion bursts generated by the lunar impact of the Apollo 13 Saturn upper stage; and (6) geomagnetic storm associated ion flux variations in the earth's magnetotail.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
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