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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 220 (1967), S. 122-133 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Das Gefrieren wäßriger Polyvinylpyrrolidon (PVP)-Lösungen wurde mit Hilfe differentialthermoanalytischer, dilatometrischer und kalorischer Messungen untersucht. Für die DTA-Untersuchungen bei niedrigen Temperaturen ist eine geeignete Apparatur entwickelt worden. Außerdem wurde eine schnelle Methode zur Bestimmung des Temperaturleitungskoffizienten ausgearbeitet. Das Erstarren und Auftauen der wäßrigen PVP-Lösungen erfolgte bei definierten Abkühlungs-bzw. Aufheizgeschwindigkeiten. Der Schmelzpunkt ist in Abhängigkeit von der Polymerkonzentration ermittelt worden. Um die Wärmeleitfähigkeit aus dem WärmeleitvermögenFl dieser Polymerlösungen zu ermitteln, wurde ihre spezifische Wärme bei Raumtemperatur bestimmt. Das Erstarrungsverhalten bei gleicher Abkühlgeschwindigkeit war sowohl nach der DTA-als auch nach der dilatometrischen Methode in befriedigender Übereinstimmung. Beim Aufheizen hingegen war die Übereinstimmung unbefriedigend. Die Ergebnisse konnten im logarithmische Maßstab durch Geraden dargestellt werden. Ihre Neigung ist eine Funktion der Abkühl-bzw. Aufheizgeschwindigkeit. Es ergab sich, daß die zurückbleibende Menge flüssigen Wassers pro Gramm Polymeres mit abnehmender Ausgangskonzentration des Polymeren zunahm. Mit Hilfe der Schmelzpunkte konnten die Aktivitäten bei unterschiedlicher Konzentration unter Verwendung des Quotienten aus dem Dampfdruck des Eises im Gleichgewicht mit der betreffenden Polymerlösung und dem Dampfdruck des entsprechenden unterkühlten Wassers ermittelt werden. Eine vonMaron stammende Theorie für Polymerlösungen gab angemessene Ergebnisse für die aus den Aktivitäten berechneten Wechselwirkungsparameter dieser Lösung. Trägt man die Quotienten aus dem nichtgefrorenen Wasser in Gramm pro Gramm PVP gegen die Aktivitäten des Wassers in der Lösung auf, so erhält man eine dem Typ III der Adsorptionsisothermen ähnliche Kurve. Der bestimmende Faktor ist offenbar die Konzentration, während die Temperatur nur geringen Einfluß hat. In Übereinstimmung mit der Gleichung für Typ III der Adsorptionsisothermen mit der Konstantenc≅1 ergibt die Auftragung des flüssigen Wassers in Gramm pro Gramm PVC gegen a H2O (1− a H2O) (a=Aktivität des Wassers) eine Gerade. Das nicht gefrorene Wasser ist vermutlich durch Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen an die Polymermolekeln gebunden. Man kann den Dampfdruck einer Polymerlösung bekannter Zusammensetzung bei 25°C aus den Isothermen berechnen. Umgekehrt läßt sich die Zusammensetzung der Lösung
    Notizen: Summary The freezing of aqueous polyvinylpyrrolidone solutions has been studied by means of differential thermal analysis, dilatometry and calorimetry. A differential thermal analysis apparatus for use at low temperatures has been constructed. A fast method for the determination of thermal diffusivities has been elaborated. Freezing and thawing of aqueous polyvinylpyrrolidone solutions has been carried out at definite heating and cooling rates. The melting point curve as a function of the polymer concentration has been determined. Specific heats of polymer solutions near room temperature have been ascertained for the purpose of obtaining thermal conductivities from thermal diffusivities for these polymer solutions. The freezing of the polymer solutions at equal cooling rates gave satisfactory agreement for data obtained from differential thermal analysis and dilatometry, respectively, whereas on heating of frozen solutions the agreement was not as satisfactory. The results could be represented by straight lines in a logarithmic coordinate system. The slopes of these straight lines were a function of the heating and cooling rates, respectively. It was ascertained that the amounts in grams of unfrozen water left for each gram of polymer increased with decreasing initial polymer concentration for any one freezing temperature. From the melting point data, activities for varous percentages of W/W of polymer in water, could be calculated, using the ratio of the vapor pressure of ice in equilibrium with the respective polymer solution to the vapor pressure of the corresponding supercooled water. A theory for polymer solutions byMaron gave reasonalble results for the interaction parameters for these solutions, which were calculated with the help of their activites. A plot of the grams of unfrozen water/g PVP against the activities of the water in the solutions, gave a curve resembling a Type III adsorption isotherm. Apparently the concentration is the predominant factor and the temperature has little influence. The plot of g of unfrozen water/g PVP against a H2O/(1− a H2O) (where a H2O=water activity) gave a straight line in accordance with the equation for the Type III isotherm, where the constant isc ≅ 1. The unfrozen water can be considered as bound by hydrogen bonds to the polymer molecules. From the isotherms, the vapor pressure for a polymer solution of known composition at 25°C can be predicted and, vice versa, the composition of the solution can be ascertained, if the vapor pressure at 25°C is known. The vapor pressure of water at 25°C must, of course, also be known. The increasing amounts of unfrozen water/g PVP with increasing water activity can be accounted for by the different freezing path of a fairly dilute solution compared with that for a more concentrated solution. The dilute solution passes through stages of higher water activities than the more concentrated one. Hence, more water is adsorbed or bound in the more dilute solution. Apparently this adsorption is not easily reversible and, hence, more water per g PVP remains unfrozen in the initially more dilute solutions in contrast to the initially more concentrated one. Polymer molecules apparently have ice-like hydrate shears.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of intelligent manufacturing 9 (1998), S. 235-250 
    ISSN: 1572-8145
    Schlagwort(e): Assembly planning ; knowledge-based Petri net ; expert system ; flexible assembly
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract Automatic assembly planning is recognized as an important tool for reducing manufacturing costs in concurrent product and process development. A novel knowledge-based Petri net (KBPN) is defined, based on the incorporation of expert systems into the usual Petri nets, and used for a unified assembly knowledge representation scheme. A KBPN-approach integrated with a sequence generation algorithm is proposed for the modeling, planning, simulation, analysis and evaluation of the flexible assembly system (FAS). The developed KBPN-based assembly planning system (KAPS) can automatically adjust the deviations between the theoretical planning parameters and the process parameters of real assembly operations to guarantee the best strategies and plans (sequences) for flexible assembly. The research findings are exemplified with a simple assembly to show the effectiveness of the method.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 440-441 (Nov. 2003), p. 77-84 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Quelle: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 145-149 (Oct. 1997), p. 1065-1070 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Quelle: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    The international journal of advanced manufacturing technology 14 (1998), S. 50-64 
    ISSN: 1433-3015
    Schlagwort(e): Artificial intelligence ; Assembly planning ; Assembly sequence ; Integration ; Knowledge-based system ; Petri net
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract This paper presents a novel approach and system for the automatic generation, selection and evaluation, optimisation, and simulation of assembly plans. The information and knowledge about a product and its assembly (e.g. assembly constraints, solid model and CAD database, heuristic rules) are described using a hybrid approach and model with numeric and symbolic representation. A new methodology is presented to generate all feasible assembly sequences of the product by reasoning and decomposing the feasible subassemblies, and representing them by the assembly Petri net modelling. Qualitative strategic constraints are then used to evaluate the feasible assembly sequences. In order to obtain a good assembly sequence, some quantitative criteria such as assembly time and cost, workstation number, operator number, and part priority index are applied to select the optimal assembly sequence. Based on DFA analysis, MTM time analysis, and assemblability analysis, estimates are made of the assembly time and cost of the product when each of these sequences is used. A knowledge-based system KAPSS has been developed to achieve the integration of generation, selection evaluation, and visualisation of the assembly sequences.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    The international journal of advanced manufacturing technology 15 (1999), S. 153-162 
    ISSN: 1433-3015
    Schlagwort(e): Key words. Agent-based approach and system; Assembly design; Assembly planning; Concurrent design; Distributed expert system
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: This paper addresses the development of an expert system for concurrent product design and assembly planning (CDAPFAES) including conceptual design, detailed design, assemblability analysis and design for assembly, assembly system design, assembly process planning and stimulation, and technical–economics justification. This approach is implemented through an agent-based framework with concurrent integration of multiple cooperative knowledge sources and software. This intelligent system can offer systematic assistance for assembly design and planning in the early stage of product development and facilitate, as far as possible, the use of flexible assembly equipment, including robots. Finally, this new design methodology is illustrated with a successful implementation of a switch product design.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    The international journal of advanced manufacturing technology 14 (1998), S. 664-685 
    ISSN: 1433-3015
    Schlagwort(e): Artificial intelligence ; Assembly planning ; Design for assembly ; Integrated product design ; Intelligent CAD/CAM
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract This paper reviews the relevant literature of the development of methodologies and systems for integrated intelligent design of assembled products and processes. Based on a combination of the concurrent engineering approach and artificial intelligence techniques, an assembly oriented intelligent scheme for the integration of design and planning is proposed, in which the following components or activities are considered and carried out concurrently and intelligently: assembly modelling and design (conceptual design; preliminary design; detailed design), assembly process planning, assembly system layout and design, assembly simulation, econo-technical (e.g. assembl-ability, assembly time and cost) and ergonomic analysis and evaluation. The literature is reviewed and discussed in relation to the methodologies and systems of implementing the above components or activities and an integrated environment to support them. In addition, some research of our group on this topic is introduced.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 104 (1967), S. 18-25 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Polyvinylpyrrolidon in wäßriger Lösung und in verschiedener Konzentration wurde durch Gefrieren des Lösungsmittels abgebaut. Die Reaktionskinetik und der Mechanismus des Abbaus von linearen polymeren Molekülen durch das Gefrieren des Lösungsmittels wird abgeleitet, und es werden viele Ähnlichkeiten mit dem Ultraschallabbau durch Kavitation aufgezeigt. Die Resultate für den Abbau des Polystyrols in Benzol und des Polyvinylpyrrolidons in Wasser sind im Einklang mit der vorgeschlagenen Reaktionskinetik und mit dem Mechanismus.
    Notizen: Polyvinylpyrrolidone in aqueous solutions of various concentration has been degraded by freezing the solvent. The kinetics and mechanism of degradation of linear polymer molecules under these conditions has been elaborated and the similarities with ultrasonic degradation by cavitation, which is mechanical in nature, have been pointed out. Experimental results for the degradation of polystyrene in benzene and of polyvinylpyrrolidone in water follow the proposed kinetics and mechanism.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-02-07
    Beschreibung: Recent studies suggest that the hydrogen (H) density in the exosphere and geocorona might differ from previously-assumed values by factors as large as two. We use the SAMI3 (Sami3 is Also a Model of the Ionosphere) and CIMI (Comprehensive Inner Magnetosphere-Ionosphere) models to evaluate scenarios where the hydrogen density is reduced or enhanced, by a factor of 2, relative to values given by commonly-used empirical models. We show that the rate of plasmasphere refilling following a geomagnetic storm varies nearly linearly with the hydrogen density. We also show that the ring current associated with a geomagnetic storm decays more rapidly when H is increased. With respect to these two space weather effects, increased exosphere hydrogen density is associated with reduced threats to space assets during and following a geomagnetic storm.
    Print ISSN: 1539-4964
    Digitale ISSN: 1542-7390
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Publiziert von Wiley im Namen von American Geophysical Union (AGU).
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-11-11
    Beschreibung: Relativistic electrons in the outer radiation belt are highly dynamic and respond to interplanetary solar wind structures interacting with the Earth's magnetic field. A known mechanism dictating electron dynamics is the drift-resonant interaction with ultra-low frequency (ULF) waves. The present work simulates the ring current and radiation belt electron populations in the bounce-averaged, kinetic Comprehensive Inner Magnetosphere-Ionosphere (CIMI) model coupled with the Block Adaptive Tree Solar Wind Roe-type Upwind Scheme (BATS-R-US) global magnetospheric magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) code using an idealized ULF wave solar wind density driver. ULF waves generated with 10 minute periods (at 1.67 mHz frequencies) in the MHD model are characterized and the corresponding energization of electrons and radial transport of electron phase space density is presented. The drift-resonant electron energy is determined in the simulation and is consistent with the electron resonance conditions in dipolar magnetic fields. The present results will be an important component of understanding inner magnetospheric dynamics and how these inner magnetospheric populations interact with ULF waves resulting from interplanetary solar wind structures.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Publiziert von Wiley im Namen von American Geophysical Union (AGU).
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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