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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Pricing decisions in the euro area : how firms set prices and why (2007)
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    Details Availability
    Call number: PIK B 562-09-0042
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Introduction ; SECTION 1: Firms' Pricing Behavior in the Euro Area: an Overview ; 1. The Use of Survey Data to Investigate Price Setting: Theory and the Research Design for the Euro Area ; 2. Summary of Results for the Euro Area ; SECTION 2: Country Specific Findings ; 3. Price Reactions to Demand and Cost Shocks: Survey Evidence from Austrian Firms ; 4. Why Are Prices Sticky? Evidence from an Ad Hoc Survey in Belgium ; 5. Asymmetries in Price Setting: Some Evidence from French Survey Data ; 6. Price Setting in German Manufacturing: Evidence from New Survey Data ; 7. The Pricing Behavior of Italian Firms: New Survey Evidence on Price Stickiness ; 8. A Survey of Price Setting Practices of Luxembourg Firms ; 9. The Pricing Behavior of Dutch Firms: Survey Evidence on Price Stickiness ; 10. How Portuguese Firms Set their Prices: Evidence from Survey Data ; 11. The Pricing Behavior of Spanish Firms ; SECTION 3: Comparative Analysis ; 12. A Comparison Based on International Survey Evidence ; 13. Competition and Price Adjustment in the Euro Area ; 14. What Quantitative Micro Data Reveal about Price Setting Behavior ; SECTION 4: Concluding Remarks and Implications ; 15. Policy Lessons and Directions for Ongoing Research ; APPENDIX: The National Questionnaires
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XVI, 292 S. : graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 9780195309287
    Location: A 18 - must be ordered
    Branch Library: PIK Library
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  • 2
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    Historical carbon stocks database for Western Bahia (1990-2018) (2020)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-20
    Description: We developed the first time series of carbon stocks (Aboveground- AGB, Belowground- BGB and Soil Carbon Stocks-SCS) for Western Bahia from 1990-2018. This region is located at the largest and most dynamic agricultural frontier in Brazil known as MATOPIBA. The methods used here to develop carbon stocks time series combine data from the literature for Aboveground (AGB) and Belowground (BGB), and Soil Carbon Stocks measurements (SCS) for six land use and land cover classes (irrigated agriculture, rainfed agriculture, pasture, Savana Formations, Grasslands formations, and Forest formations) with modeling and remote sensing techniques. All maps have a scale of 1:15,000 (30 m spatial resolution) and are in NetCDF (network Common Data Form) format. These time series were generated and discussed in the study "Carbon stocks and dynamics of different land uses on the Cerrado agricultural frontier", published in PLOS ONE journal. Data sources, assumptions and calculations are described in detail in the reference above.
    Keywords: Binary Object; Binary Object (File Size); Binary Object (Media Type); Biomass; land use change; soil carbon; sustainable agriculture; tropical savanna
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 87 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 3
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    Energies, Vol. 9, Pages 224: Integration of Microalgae-Based Bioenergy Production into a Petrochemical Complex: Techno-Economic Assessment (2016)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Energies
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-24
    Description: The rapid development of modern society has resulted in an increased demand for energy, mainly from fossil fuels. The use of this source of energy has led to the accumulation of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. In this context, microalgae culturing may be an effective solution to reduce the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere, since these microorganisms can capture CO2 and, simultaneously, produce bioenergy. This work consists of a techno-economic assessment of a microalgal production facility integrated in a petrochemical complex, in which established infrastructure allows efficient material and energy transport. Seven different scenarios were considered regarding photosynthetic, lipids extraction and anaerobic digestion efficiencies. This analysis has demonstrated six economically viable scenarios able to: (i) reduce CO2 emissions from a thermoelectric power plant; (ii) treat domestic wastewaters (which were used as culture medium); and (iii) produce lipids and electrical and thermal energy. For a 100-ha facility, considering a photosynthetic efficiency of 3%, a lipids extraction efficiency of 75% and an anaerobic digestion efficiency of 45% (scenario 3), an economically viable process was obtained (net present value of 22.6 million euros), being effective in both CO2 removal (accounting for 1.1 × 104 t per year) and energy production (annual energy produced was 1.6 × 107 kWh and annual lipids productivity was 1.9 × 103 m3).
    Electronic ISSN: 1996-1073
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 4
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    IJERPH, Vol. 13, Pages 386: Children’s Exposure to Radon in Nursery and Primary Schools (2016)
    MDPI Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-31
    Description: The literature proves an evident association between indoor radon exposure and lung cancer, even at low doses. This study brings a new approach to the study of children’s exposure to radon by aiming to evaluate exposure to indoor radon concentrations in nursery and primary schools from two districts in Portugal (Porto and Bragança), considering different influencing factors (occupation patterns, classroom floor level, year of the buildings’ construction and soil composition of the building site), as well as the comparison with IAQ standard values for health protection. Fifteen nursery and primary schools in the Porto and Bragança districts were considered: five nursery schools for infants and twelve for pre-schoolers (seven different buildings), as well as eight primary schools. Radon measurements were performed continuously. The measured concentrations depended on the building occupation, classroom floor level and year of the buildings’ construction. Although they were in general within the Portuguese legislation for IAQ, exceedances to international standards were found. These results point out the need of assessing indoor radon concentrations not only in primary schools, but also in nursery schools, never performed in Portugal before this study. It is important to extend the study to other microenvironments like homes, and in time to estimate the annual effective dose and to assess lifetime health risks.
    Print ISSN: 1661-7827
    Electronic ISSN: 1660-4601
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 5
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    Entropy, Vol. 16, Pages 645-674: Dynamical Stability and Predictability of Football Players: The Study of One Match (2014)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Entropy
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-24
    Description: The game of football demands new computational approaches to measure individual and collective performance. Understanding the phenomena involved in the game may foster the identification of strengths and weaknesses, not only of each player, but also of the whole team. The development of assertive quantitative methodologies constitutes a key element in sports training. In football, the predictability and stability inherent in the motion of a given player may be seen as one of the most important concepts to fully characterise the variability of the whole team. This paper characterises the predictability and stability levels of players during an official football match. A Fractional Calculus (FC) approach to define a player’s trajectory. By applying FC, one can benefit from newly considered modeling perspectives, such as the fractional coefficient, to estimate a player’s predictability and stability. This paper also formulates the concept of attraction domain, related to the tactical region of each player, inspired by stability theory principles. To compare the variability inherent in the player’s process variables (e.g., distance covered) and to assess his predictability and stability, entropy measures are considered. Experimental results suggest that the most predictable player is the goalkeeper while, conversely, the most unpredictable players are the midfielders. We also conclude that, despite his predictability, the goalkeeper is the most unstable player, while lateral defenders are the most stable during the match.
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-4300
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 6
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    IJERPH, Vol. 14, Pages 585: Evaluation of Low-Cost Mitigation Measures Implemented to Improve Air Quality in Nursery and Primary Schools (2017)
    MDPI Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-01
    Description: Indoor air pollution mitigation measures are highly important due to the associated health impacts, especially on children, a risk group that spends significant time indoors. Thus, the main goal of the work here reported was the evaluation of mitigation measures implemented in nursery and primary schools to improve air quality. Continuous measurements of CO2, CO, NO2, O3, CH2O, total volatile organic compounds (VOC), PM1, PM2.5, PM10, Total Suspended Particles (TSP) and radon, as well as temperature and relative humidity were performed in two campaigns, before and after the implementation of low-cost mitigation measures. Evaluation of those mitigation measures was performed through the comparison of the concentrations measured in both campaigns. Exceedances to the values set by the national legislation and World Health Organization (WHO) were found for PM2.5, PM10, CO2 and CH2O during both indoor air quality campaigns. Temperature and relative humidity values were also above the ranges recommended by American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). In general, pollutant concentrations measured after the implementation of low-cost mitigation measures were significantly lower, mainly for CO2. However, mitigation measures were not always sufficient to decrease the pollutants’ concentrations till values considered safe to protect human health.
    Print ISSN: 1661-7827
    Electronic ISSN: 1660-4601
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 7
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    Nearly associative deformation quantization (2018)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-02
    Print ISSN: 0377-9017
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-0530
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 8
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    Influence of climate variability, fire and phosphorus limitation on the vegetation structure and dynamics in the Amazon-Cerrado border (2016)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-29
    Description: Climate, fire and soil nutritional limitation are important elements that affect the vegetation dynamics in areas of forest-savanna transition. In this paper, we use the dynamic vegetation model INLAND to evaluate the influence of climate variability, fire and phosphorus limitation on the Amazon-Cerrado transitional vegetation structure and dynamics. We assess how each element affects the net primary production, leaf area index and biomass and compare the simulations of aboveground biomass to observed biomass map. We used two climate datasets – the 1960–1990 average seasonal climate and the 1948 to 2008 interannual climate variability, two regional datasets of total soil P content in soil, based on regional (field measurements) and global data and the INLAND fire module. Our results show that climate interannual variability, phosphorus limitation and fire occurrence gradually improve simulated vegetation types and these effects are not homogeneous along the latitudinal/longitudinal gradient showing a synergistic effect among them. In terms of magnitude, the effect of fire is stronger, and is the main driver of vegetation changes along the transition. The nutritional limitation, in turn, is stronger than the effect of climate variability acting on the transitional ecosystems dynamics. Overall, INLAND typically simulates more than 80 % of the biomass variability in the transition zone. However, in many places, the biomass is clearly not well simulated indicating that important soil and physiological factors in the Amazon-Cerrado border, such as lithology and water table depth, carbon allocation strategies and mortality rates, still need to be included in the model.
    Print ISSN: 1810-6277
    Electronic ISSN: 1810-6285
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 9
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    Climate Change and Intense Irrigation Growth in Western Bahia, Brazil: The Urgent Need for Hydroclimatic Monitoring (2019)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-02
    Description: In Western Bahia, one of the most active agricultural frontiers of the world, cropland area and irrigated area are increasing at fast rates, and water conflicts have been happening at least since 2010. This study makes a hydroclimatic analysis of the water resources in Western Bahia, from both supply and demand viewpoints. Time series of precipitation for the period 1980–2015 and river discharge for the period 1978–2015 are analyzed, indicating a significant reduction of up to 12% in rainfall since the 1980s, and a reduction in river discharge in all stations studied, in both the rainy season and the dry season. Combined with that, irrigated area has increased over 150-fold in 30 years, and in the most irrigated regions, has increased by 90% in the last eight years only. Seven regions in Western Bahia have been identified where the potential for water use conflicts is critical. Moreover, the combination of reduced availability and increased demand of water resources indicates that, if current trends are maintained, conflicts over water may become more frequent in the next years or decades. A short-term alternative to avoid such conflicts is to largely avoid irrigation during the months with low discharge. However, a monitoring system in which the availability and demand of water resources for irrigation are actually measured and monitored, is the safest path to provide water security to this region.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4441
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 10
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    Applicability of standard Euler deconvolution, modeling, and amplitude magnetic data inversion in Greenfield programs: The Leite target case study, Carajás Mineral Province, Brazil (2015)
    Society of Exploration Geophysicists
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-01
    Description: The Leite target is located in Carajás Mineral Province and has a magnetic anomaly with 140 nT of amplitude, elongated in the northwest–southeast direction. Four exploratory drillholes were performed to test the magnetic anomaly. The test showed that the source of the anomaly is a narrow magnetite hydrothermal alteration zone bearing copper mineralization up to 2%. In addition, geologic and geochemical data, magnetic susceptibility (MS) measurements were collected to identify the lithotypes with ferromagnetic minerals. We use three different techniques to estimate the depth and geometry of the magnetic source: standard Euler deconvolution, total field magnetic anomaly modeling, and magnetic amplitude inversion. When visualized in 3D, the depth of solutions from Euler deconvolution crossed the real magnetic layer with less inclination. The modeling, using the solutions from Euler deconvolution, was performed, and the magnetic anomaly produced by the body modeled achieved a low misfit. The body used in the forward modeling is geometrically similar to the geologic magnetic layer. The magnetic amplitude inversion successfully recovered the MS distribution. Finally, we carried out a borehole magnetic survey in two drillholes to validate the obtained models and investigate the magnetic source. This survey confirmed that the models were intercepted and the magnetic anomaly was associated, a hydrothermal alteration zone, with magnetite intercepted by drillholes. In this study, we demonstrated that the use of those techniques was effective in Greenfield exploration programs.
    Print ISSN: 2324-8858
    Electronic ISSN: 2324-8866
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Society of Exploration Geophysicists
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