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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and genetic characterization of a safflower mutant with a modified tocopherol profile (2005)
    Berlin, Germany : Blackwell Verlag GmbH
    Plant breeding 124 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seeds have a tocopherol fraction dominated by α-tocopherol, which accounts for more than 95% of the tocopherols. α-Tocopherol exerts a high vitamin E activity, but a low in vitro antioxidant action. For non-food applications, replacement of high α-tocopherol by γ-tocopherol is preferred. Because of the limited variability found in germplasm of cultivated safflower, the objective of the present research was to search for variability for tocopherol profile in germplasm of wild safflower species. Bulk seed samples of 77 accessions from six species were analysed for total tocopherol content and profile. One accession of C. oxyacanthus showed increased γ-tocopherol content (36%). Single-seed analysis showed the existence of a bimodal distribution, which included high α-tocopherol (〉90%) and high γ-tocopherol (HGT) seeds (〉85%). Plants from the HGT seeds bred true for the trait and showed introgression of cultivated safflower, which allowed a rapid selection for cultivated safflower traits. Genetic analysis revealed that the HGT trait was controlled by partially recessive alleles at a single locus Tph1, which will facilitate the transference of the novel trait to diverse safflower germplasms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.2005.01150.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel variation for the tocopherol profile in a sunflower created by mutagenesis and recombination (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 123 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: α-Tocopherol is the main tocopherol in sunflower seeds (〉90%). Because it exerts a weak antioxidant action in vitro, its partial replacement by other tocopherols is an important breeding objective in this crop. The objective of this research was to develop novel tocopherol profiles in sunflower through mutagenesis and genetic recombination. Seeds of four ‘Peredovik’ accessions were used for chemical mutagenesis with ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS). Single-seed screening in the M2 generation resulted in two M2 seeds, derived from different M1 plants, with increased γ-tocopherol contents of 19.2% and 96.7%, respectively. M3 progeny from the M2 seed with the 96.7% content bred true for high c-tocopherol content, containing more than 90%γ-tocopherol. M3 progeny from the M2 seed with only 19.2%γ-tocopherol segregated in a range from 0 to 84.6%. Selection for high c-tocopherol content produced an M4:5 line, designated IAST-1, with a stable high concentration of γ-tocopherol. Crosses between IAST-1 and T589, with an increased b-tocopherol content, produced F2 segregants with trans-gressive levels of up to 77%β-tocopherol or up to 68% d-tocopherol. Both novel tocopherol profiles were confirmed in the F3 generation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.2004.01012.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allelic variation in linolenic acid content of high erucic acid Ethiopian mustard and incorporation of the low linolenic acid trait into zero erucic acid germplasm (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 123 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Zero erucic acid germplasm of Ethiopian mustard is characterized by high levels of linolenic acid (about 21%). Two genetic sources of low linolenic acid (N2-4961 and HF-186, about 5%), have been developed in a high erucic acid background. The objectives of this research were to study the genetic relationship between the two low linolenic acid lines and to transfer the trait to zero erucic acid germplasm. F1 seed generations from crosses between both lines had higher average linolenic acid concentration than both parents. F2 seeds segregated for linolenic acid content following a continuous variation from 1.8 to 7.4%, exceeding the limits of the parental distribution ranges. Transgressive recombinants with very low linolenic acid concentration (0.7-2.7%) were confirmed in the F3 seed generation. The results suggested that N2-4961 and HF-186 possess alleles for low linolenic acid at different loci. Transgressive low linolenic acid F3 plants were crossed with plants of a zero erucic acid line and a selection for zero erucic, low linolenic acid was conducted. As a result, a zero erucic acid F3:4 line containing 1.5 ± 0.7% linolenic acid was developed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2003.00907.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of the Single Seed Descent Method in Breeding Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 97 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The single seed descent (SSD) method of selection has been evaluated in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). The initial population of this study was a BC2F1 from a cross between a well adapted and a high oil cultivar. Transgressive segregation for yield and oil content producing lines with considerably higher values than the better parent was observed in BC2F4 and BC2F5 generations. These results and the great saving of time and effort makes the SSD method a very desirable tool for safflower breeders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1986.tb01079.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Screening for resistance to broomrape (Orobanche cernua) in cultivated sunflower (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 115 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Racial evolution of sunflower broomrape (Orobanche cernua) has been very rapid in Spain during recent years, in which resistance has been overcome several times and there has been an important increase in areas infested with this parasitic angiosperm. In order to find resistance to a highly virulent population of sunflower broomrape that could be used directly in breeding programmes, three different sets of cultivated plant material composed of 429 entries were tested by artificial inoculation. All evaluated inbred lines from Moden, Canada, were fully susceptible. Out of the 240 P.I. accessions tested, only 10 segregated for resistance to broomrape, the rest being susceptible. From the 160 USDA breeding lines evaluated, 5% were resistant and 19% segregated for resistance to O. cernua. These lines traced back mainly to crosses of RHA 274 and RHA 801 with Russian, Turkish and Romanian hybrids. The origin of P.I. accessions that segregated for resistance were primarily derived from the former USSR and from Romania.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1996.tb00903.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inheritance of reduced plant height in the sunflower line Dw 89 (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 122 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The objective of the present research was to study the inheritance of reduced plant height in the sunflower line Dw 89. Plants of the cytoplasmic male sterile version of this line, cmsDw 89 (mean plant height of 47.4 cm) were crossed with plants of the restorer line RHA 271 (mean of 120.9 cm). F1 plants averaged 120.4 cm, which indicated dominance of standard over reduced plant height. F2 plants followed a segregation pattern of 1 : 15 (reduced : normal height), suggesting that reduced plant height in Dw 89 is controlled by alleles at two loci, designated Dw1 and Dw2. Class assignment in the F2 was confirmed through the evaluation of the F3 generation. Backcrosses to Dw 89 segregated with 1 : 3 (reduced : normal height) ratios, which confirmed the digenic inheritance of the trait. The evaluation of plant height distributions in F3 families suggested possible genetic interaction between the Dw1 and Dw2 loci.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2003.00881.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inheritance of reduced linolenic acid content in the Ethiopian mustard mutant N2-4961 (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 121 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The zero erucic acid Ethiopian mustard lines developed so far are characterized by an exceptionally high linolenic acid content in the seed oil. The mutant line N2-4961, expressing low linolenic acid content in a high erucic acid background, was developed through chemical mutagenesis. The objective of this research was to study the inheritance of low linolenic acid content in this mutant. Line N2-4961 was reciprocally crossed with its parent line C-101 and the linolenic acid content of the reciprocal F1, F2 and BC1 generations was studied. No maternal, cytoplasmic or dominance effects were detected in the analysis of F1 seeds and F1 plants from reciprocal crosses. Linolenic acid content segregated in 1: 2: 1 ratios in all the F2 populations studied, suggesting monogenic inheritance. This was confirmed with the analysis of the reciprocal backcross generation. The simple inheritance of low linolenic acid content in N2-4961 will facilitate the transference of this trait to zero erucic acid lines of Ethiopian mustard.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2002.00714.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inheritance of high palmitic acid content in the sunflower mutant CAS-12 and its relationship with high oleic content (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 121 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: CAS-12 is a sunflower mutant with increased levels of palmitic (C16: 0 = 30%) and oleic (C18: 1 = 55%) acids in its seed oil, hence it has a reduced linoleic acid content (C18: 2 〈 5%). This study was conducted to determine the inheritance of high C16: 0 content and its relationship with high C18: 1 content in CAS-12. Reciprocal crosses involving CAS-12, CAS-5 (high C16: 0 content), HAOL-9 (high C18: 1 content) and HA-89 (standard fatty acid profile) were made. The F1, F2 and BC1F1 generations were obtained. The genetic control of the high C16: 0 trait in CAS-12 was partially recessive and gametophytic. In all cases, this character segregated in the ratio 19: 38: 7 (low: intermediate: high C16: 0 content) in the F2 generation. These results, together with the lack of segregation for C16: 0 content in crosses between CAS-12 and CAS-5, indicated that the genetic control of the high C16: 0 trait in CAS-12 was similar to that in CAS-5 in being controlled by partially recessive alleles (p1, p2, and p3) at three loci. Crosses between HA-89 and CAS-12, and HAOL-9 and CAS-5 (segregating for C16: 0 and C18: 1) demonstrated that the high C16: 0 and the high C18: 1 traits were independently inherited. However, C18: 1 segregation in these crosses exhibited reversal of dominance. Apparently, the low C18: 1 parental lines carried modifier genes causing the deviation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2002.00655.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selection for reduced linolenic acid content in Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata Braun) (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 116 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Reducing linolenic acid content is one of the most important objectives for the development of Ethiopian mustard lines with high oil quality. This work was aimed at searching for variability of the fatty acid composition of oil within a germplasm collection of Ethiopian mustard. A total of 217 lines were analysed by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) in 1991, and one was selected as having reduced values of both linolenic acid content (10.2% versus 14.0% of total fatty acids as the collection average) and linoleic acid desaturation ratio (LDR, 0.34 versus 0.45). After 3 years of pedigree selection for low linolenic acid content, this line showed, in 1995, average values of this fatty acid of 5.4% and 2.4% in two different environments, compared with 11.6% and 8.3%, respectively, in the control. The values of the LDR were 0.18 and 0.09, respectively, compared with 0.36 and 0.27 in the control line.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1997.tb01020.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increasing erucic acid content in Ethiopian mustard through mutation breeding (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 117 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Ethylmethane sulphonate (EMS) was applied to seeds of the Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata A. Braun) line C-101. Bulk samples of M3 seeds from 8331 M2 plants were evaluated for the fatty acid composition of their oil by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) and by further gas chromatography on selected samples. A putative mutant, N2-6230, showing very low oleic acid content (4.7% vs. average of 8.6% in C-101) and erucic acid content within the range of variation of the line C-101 (40-49.3%) was identified. The M3 progeny of this mutant showed a wide segregation for erucic acid content (39.1-57.9% vs. 41.8-50.3% in C-101), and maintained levels of oleic acid lower than in line C-101. Selection for high erucic acid content in the M3 and M4 generations led to the fixation of this mutation in the M5 generation (52.2-59.3% vs. 39.0-47.6% in C-101). This is the first high erucic acid line obtained in Brassica species through mutation breeding. Its utility in future programmes to develop very high erucic acid lines is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1998.tb01454.x
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