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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Environmental science & technology 27 (1993), S. 565-568 
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Global change biology 4 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: The effect of soil warming on CO2 and CH4 flux from a spruce–fir forest soil was evaluated at the Howland Integrated Forest Study site in Maine, USA from 1993 to 1995. Elevated soil temperatures (∼5 °C) were maintained during the snow-free season (May – November) in replicated 15 × 15-m plots using electric cables buried 1–2 cm below the soil surface; replicated unheated plots served as the control. CO2 evolution from the soil surface and soil air CO2 concentrations both showed clear seasonal trends and significant (P 〈 0.0001) positive exponential relationships with soil temperature. Soil warming caused a 25–40% increase in CO2 flux from the heated plots compared to the controls. No significant differences were observed between heated and control plot soil air CO2 concentrations which we attribute to rapid equilibration with the atmosphere in the O horizon and minimal treatment effects in the B horizon. Methane fluxes were highly variable and showed no consistent trends with treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 52 (1990), S. 23-39 
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A field experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of differing forms of acidifying S and N compounds on the chemistry of soils and soil solutions in a low elevation coniferous forest in northern New England. Treatments consisted of O, 1500, 3000, and 6000 eq of SO4 2− or NO3 − ha−1 for the 1987 growing season applied biweekly as H2SO4 or HNO3, or in a single application as dry] (NH4)2SO4. Acidifying treatments resulted in a significant increase in soil solution SO4 2− (1.2 to 2.6) or NO3 − (12 to 80) in the upper B horizon. Excess strong acid anion leaching was associated with an accelerated loss of base cations, particularly MG2+ As solutions passed through the upper 25 cm of the soil profile, mean SO4 2− concentrations decreased by 5 to 50% of the initial values, indicating that much of the applied SO4 2− was immobilized in the upper portion of the pedon. Elevated concentrations of adsorbed and water-soluble SO4 2− indicate that abiotic adsorption of SO4 2− by soils is the dominant mechanism for the initial attenuation of SO4 2− concentrations in these solutions. Other soil properties showed only small or no change due to treatments over the single growing season of this study. These results indicate that H2SO4, HNO3, and (NH4)2SO4 can all effectively increase strong acid anion concentrations in the soil-soil solution system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Soil Science Society of America journal 62 (1998), S. 1072-1080 
    ISSN: 1435-0661
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Picea rubens Sarg.) and red maple (Acer rubrum L.) foliar litter at Howland, ME. Experimentally increased Oa horizon soil temperatures (increase of 4–5°C) were maintained during the snow-free season from 1993 through 1995 in replicated 15 by 15 m plots using heat-resistance cables. For red maple litter, significant treatment effects included greater loss of mass (27%) and C (33%), and greater accumulation of Zn (54%) during the first 6 mo of decay in the heated plots than the control plots. After 30 mo of decay, significant treatment effects were no longer evident for red maple litter. Few treatment effects were observed for red spruce litter during the initial 18 mo of decay. However, after 30 mo of decay, significant treatment effects included greater loss of mass (19%), N (24%), Ca (27%), Mg (12%), K(4%), Zn (60%). And cellulose (40%) in red spruce litter in the heated plots than the control plots. We conclude that a modest increase in Oa horizon soil temperature (4–5°C) can significantly increase litter decay rates and alter litter decay dynamics in this coniferous forest stand, and that these changes exhibit variations in their temporal development as a function of species and litter quality attributes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 34 (1987), S. 385-397 
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The objectives of this study were to obtain information about trace metal levels in a montane ecosystem in western Maine, and to compare these results to levels of trace metals reported in the literature for other areas of New England. Forest floor samples were collected at Saddleback Mountain, Maine from sites along two elevational transects on the western and eastern slopes. Five sites were located on the western slope, each in a different vegetation zone, and three sites were selected on the eastern slope, each corresponding in elevation and vegetation type as closely as possible to three of the western sites. Forest floor samples were collected as 15 x 15 cm blocks to the surface of the underlying mineral soil and sectioned into 2 cm depth increments. Zinc and Cr concentrations in the forest floor were significantly greater on the western slope (118 and 3.7 mg kg−1, respectively), whereas Pb concentration was greater on the eastern slope (80 mg kg−1) Cadmium, Cr, Cu, Ni, V, and Zn contents were significantly greater on the western slope (45, 83, 79, 143, and 1432 mg in −2, respectively). Copper, Ni, Cd, and Zn concentrations and contents in the forest floor decreased with increasing elevation, and no trends of increasing trace metal contents with increasing elevation were evident. Trace metal concentrations and contents were always lower in the deepest increment of the forest floor as compared to the surface increment (except for Cr), but concentration and content trends with depth varied. Chromium tended to increase with depth where a depth trend was evident. Overall, forest floor trace metal levels were strongly related to forest stand type and forest floor properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 49 (1990), S. 299-314 
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract In the heavily forested regions of the northeastern U.S. the potential for producing electricity from wood-fired boilers is also creating a growing supply of wood-ash requiring disposal. Landfill space is expensive and limited, which has resulted in an interest in spreading wood-ash on forest sites. This greenhouse study was designed to provide information on soil and seedling response to wood-ash applications. Red maple (Acer rubrum) seedlings were grown in either O or B horizon forest soil material and amended with six levels of ash (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 Mg ha−1) and two levels of N fertilizer (0 and 224 kg ha−1). Ash amendments increased pH and exchangeable base cations, and decreased extractable Al and Fe concentrations, in both soil materials. Ash treatments increased seedling foliar K and Na concentrations in O horizon soils, but had little effect on growth. No significant effects on seedling properties from ash in B horizon soils were found. Fertilizer N treatments did not improve seedling growth in either soil material. Soil and seedling response to N were notably different for the different soils used. Based on this short-term study it appears that (a) land applications of wood-ash at the rates used may be a viable approach to recycling this solid waste, and (b) long-term studies are required to evaluate this practice under field conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 84 (1995), S. 129-145 
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Soil solutions were collected monthly by tension and zero-tension lysimeters in a low-elevation red spruce stand in east-central Maine from May 1987 through December 1992. Soil solutions collected by Oa tension lysimeters had higher concentrations of most constituents than the Oa zero-tension lysimeters. In Oa horizon soil solutions growing season concentrations for SO4, Ca, and Mg averaged 57, 43, and 30 μmol L−1 in tension lysimeters, and 43, 28, and 19 μmol L−1 in zero-tension lysimeters, respectively. Because tension lysimeters remove water held by the soil at tensions up to 10 kPa, solutions are assumed to have more time to react with the soil compared to freely draining solutions collected by zero-tension lysimeters. Solutions collected in the Bs horizon by both types of collectors were similar which was attributed to the frequency of time periods when the water table was above the Bs lysimeters. Concentrations of SO4 and NO3 at this site were lower than concentrations reported for most other eastern U.S. spruce-fir sites, but base cation concentrations fell in the same range. Aluminum concentrations in this study were also lower than reported for other sites in the eastern U.S. and Ca/Al ratios did not suggest inhibition of Ca uptake by roots. Concentrations of SO4, Ca, K, and Cl decreased significantly in both the Oa and Bs horizons over the 56-month sampling period, which could reflect decreasing deposition rates for sulfur and base cations, climatic influences, or natural variation. A longer record of measured fluxes will be needed to adequately define temporal trends in solution chemistry and their causes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Description: The Bear Brook Watershed in Maine (BBWM) is a long-term whole watershed manipulation experiment, established to study the effects of elevated nitrogen and sulfur deposition on ecosystem processes. Air and soil temperatures were recorded for the site from 2001 to 2016 using HOBO data loggers (Onset Computer Corporation). Temperature was recorded at four positions: (a) air, 100 cm above forest floor; (b) organic soil, 2-3 cm below the forest floor surface; (c) 10 cm below the interface of organic-mineral horizons, corresponding to the B horizon; and (d) 25 cm below the interface of organic-mineral horizons, corresponding to the B or BC horizon. Temperature was recorded every three hours. This dataset includes daily maximum, minimum, and mean temperatures, as well as monthly mean temperatures across the entire study period. Vegetation at the site was predominantly deciduous at low elevations and coniferous at high elevations, and we present data for both vegetation types.
    Keywords: Bear_Brook_Watershed
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 10 datasets
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Keywords: Bear_Brook_Watershed; DATE/TIME; Temperature, air, monthly mean; Temperature, soil
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 639 data points
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Keywords: Bear_Brook_Watershed; DATE/TIME; Temperature, air, monthly mean; Temperature, soil
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 646 data points
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