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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glyphosate-increased levels of indole-3-acetic acid in yellow nutsedge leaves correlate with gentisic acid levels (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 71 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The effects of glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] on endogenous in-dole-3-acetic acid (IAA) level, IAA oxidase activity, and possible interactions with alterations in phenolic metabolism have been examined in yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) plants. IAA was quantified by flame ionization detector gas-chroma-tography, phenols were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography and the auxin protection and the IAA oxidase activities were determined spectrophoto-metrically and/or polarographically. A significant increase in IAA content was recorded after glyphosate treatment. No IAA oxidase activity was detected in control and treated tissues. Auxin protection activity and gentisic acid were present in all extracts assayed, and their concentrations increased as the rate of glyphosate application increased. Addition of gentisic acid to an extract of control plants increased the auxin protection detected. These findings indicate that the high levels of free IAA in yellow nutsedge leaves after glyphosate application are due to the inhibition of the IAA oxidase activity by increased levels of the IAA-protecting phenol gentisic acid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1987.tb04360.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of glyphosate on phenolic metabolism in yellow nutsedge leaves (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 69 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The action of the herbicide glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)-glycine] on phenolic metabolism and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL; EC 4.3.1.5) activity was investigated in yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.). Glyphosate caused significant increases in the amount of total soluble hydroxyphenolics in the three fractions studied (neutral, acid and residual). Qualitative and quantitative differences in relation to these fractions and the amount of applied glyphosate were observed. Most of the phenolic compounds which increased after glyphosate treatment were benzoic acids (gentisic. p-OH-benzoic, salicylic and vanillic). Gentisic acid showed the greatest increase in neutral and acid fractions, being twenty- and four-fold, respectively, of the amount found in the control. PAL activity was not affected by the lowest doses of glyphosate (10−4and 10−3M), but a dramatic decrease in PAL activity was observed after 10−2M treatment. These findings, together with the low levels of cinnamic acids measured in treated yellow nutsedge plants, suggest that PAL activity is only marginally involved in glyphosate action. Since the herbicidal action probably takes place at 5-enol-pyruvylshikimate-3-P synthase (EC 2.5.1.19), an alternative pathway to PAL in phenolic biosynthesis should be activated yielding benzoic acids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1987.tb01976.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities in Cyperus esculentus leaves following glyphosate applications (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 74 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Following a 2-week treatment with glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] changes in peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO; EC 1.14.18.1) activities of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) plants, were determined. Glyphosate caused significant increases of both activities. Isoelectric focusing gave 3 species (F1, F2 and F3) of peroxidase activity, at pl 3.8, 4.4 and 4.8, and 4 species (Fa, Fb, Fc and Fd) of PPO activity at pl 7.0, 7.5, 7.8 and 9.5. The activity of the 4 active forms of PPO increased with increasing glyphosate dose up to 10−2M. The effect of the herbicide on the 3 fractions with peroxidase activity was to change their relative activities. Highest F1 activity was found in control plants whereas the F2 fraction was the predominant form in the plants treated with glyphosate at 10−2M and the highest F3 activity occurred in plants treated with 5 × 10−3M glyphosate. The increased PPO activity could produce phytotoxic o-quinones, and variations in peroxidase isoenzymes activity could enhance isoperoxidases with lignin biosynthetic activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1988.tb04952.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uptake and metabolism of N6-benzyladenine and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid and dynamics of indole-3-acetic acid and cytokinins in two callus lines of Actinidia deliciosa differing in growth and shoot organogenesis (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 118 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Uptake, metabolism and accumulation of N6-benzyladenine (BA) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) as well as changes in endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and several isoprenoid-type cytokinins (Cks) were characterized in two callus lines of Actinidia deliciosa cv. Hayward showing different growth and shoot organogenic responses to exogenously applied 2.7 µM NAA and 4.4 µM BA. Studies were carried out in callus 0, 1, 12, 24 and 48 h after the onset of their fifth subculture on a medium containing [3H]NAA or 8-[14C]BA. Kiwifruit callus of line A presented high caulogenic response and lower growth that was positively associated with faster BA uptake, with transient accumulation of BA and isoprenoid-type Cks, mainly zeatin, exceeding three- and four-fold that of the non-caulogenic callus, and with values of the BA/NAA ratio exceeding 1, in fact higher than the BA/NAA ratio in the culture medium. The accumulation of BA took place in both callus lines during the first 24 h of subculture and before the re-initiating of callus proliferation. The higher growth and the low or null caulogenic response shown by line B callus were correlated with faster NAA uptake, with endogenous NAA levels two-fold higher than in A calli, with higher IAA amounts and with values of the BA/NAA ratio below 1. Moreover, at 48 h free NAA in both kinds of callus reached levels close to those found after 35 days of subculture. Results suggest that temporal accumulation of BA and endogenous Cks is involved in the initiation of cell division leading to callus growth, whereas the maintenance of high NAA and IAA levels are related to the support of long-term callus development. It also appears that for callus cells to become committed to shoot organogenesis, they must have a concentration of active Cks higher than a threshold value during the first 2 days of culture on fresh medium, while at the same time the concentration of auxins must not exceed a certain maximum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.2003.00139.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Benzyladenine-controlled protein synthesis and growth in apple cell suspensions (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 84 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Prolific growth in cytokinin-requiring apple cell suspensions was achieved during 10 days of culture with appropriate concentrations of benzyladenine (BA). Unlike the controls, BA-treated cells showed a well developed sub-cellular organization and protein synthesis. Upon transfer to fresh cytokinin-free medium, however, these cells exhibited a rapid decrease in polyribosome formation, but with unchanged nuclear and nucleolar activities. Cells lacking added cytokinin showed a reduced metabolic activity and failed to divide. Deficiency in the translation process of cytokinin-deprived cells was overcome by exogenous BA-treatment. In cells maintained on a cytokinin-free medium for 5 days, BA-treatment enhanced protein synthesis from pre-existing mRNA in a specific way.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1992.tb04658.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inoculation and nitrate alter phytohormone levels in soybean roots: differences between a supernodulating mutant and the wild type (2000)
    Springer
    Planta 211 (2000), S. 98-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words: Abscisic acid – Auxin – Cytokinin –Glycine (soybean) – Modulation – Nodulation mutant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract.  The levels of different cytokinins, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) in roots of Glycine max [L.] Merr. cv. Bragg and its supernodulating mutant nts382 were compared for the first time. Forty-eight hours after inoculation with Bradyrhizobium, quantitative and qualitative differences were found in the root's endogenous hormone status between cultivar Bragg and the mutant nts382. The six quantified cytokinins, ranking similarly in each genotype, were present at higher concentrations (30–196% on average for isopentenyl adenosine and dihydrozeatin riboside, respectively) in mutant roots. By contrast, the ABA content was 2-fold higher in Bragg, while the basal levels of IAA [0.53 μmol (g DW)−1, on average] were similar in both genotypes. In 1 mM NO3 −-fed Bragg roots 48 h post-inoculation, IAA, ABA and the cytokinins isopentenyl adenine, and isopentenyl adenosine quantitatively increased with respect to uninoculated controls. However, only the two cytokinins increased in the mutant. High NO3 − (8 mM) markedly reduced root auxin concentration, and neither genotypic differences nor the inoculation-induced increase in auxin concentration in Bragg was observed under these conditions. Cytokinins and ABA, on the other hand, were little affected by 8 mM NO3 −. Root IAA/cytokinin and ABA/cytokinin ratios were always higher in Bragg relative to the mutant, and responded to inoculation (mainly in Bragg) and nitrate (both genotypes). The overall results are consistent with the auxin-burst-control hypothesis for the explanation of autoregulation and supernodulation in soybean. However, they are still inconclusive with respect to the inhibitory effect of NO3 −.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250000265
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endogenous plant growth regulators in carnation tissue cultures under different conditions of ventilation (1997)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 22 (1997), S. 169-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: abscisic acid ; cytokinins ; Dianthus caryophyllus ; hyperhydricity ; indole-3-acetic acid ; in vitro environment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA) and cytokinins (zeatin, zeatin riboside, dihydrozeatin, (diH)Z, dihydrozeatin riboside, (diH)[9R]Z, N6-isopentenyl adenine and N6-isopentenil adenine riboside) levels were evaluated in normal (N) and hyperhydric (H) microplants of Dianthus caryophyllus cultured under different aeration conditions in hormone-free liquid medium. The morphological differences between N and H explants grown under ventilated conditions were correlated with differences in their endogenous hormonal levels: after 15 and 30 days of culture, H explants showed lower IAA and ABA contents than N explants, as well as higher cytokinin levels, mainly of (diH)Z and (diH)[9R]Z. This was associated with less tissue differentiation and with an inability of H microplants to survive under ex vitro conditions. However, these relationships could not be observed between H and N explants grown under non-ventilated conditions probably due to the difficulty in discerning the plant status (N or H) and therefore, an underestimation of H microplants. This assumption is supported by the low ability for acclimatization to ex vitro of N plants grown without ventilation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005870832508
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endogenous plant growth regulators and rooting capacity of different walnut tissues (1996)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 19 (1996), S. 101-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: abscisic acid ; auxins ; adventitious rooting ; cytokinins ; walnut
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Rooting ability of three different materials, namely cotyledonar linking areas, cotyledonary portions and embryonic microshoots from walnut seeds was determined. It was shown that while cotyledonar linking areas may be defined as a espontaneous rooting system, the other two tissue types correspond to inducible rooting systems, needing exogenous application of auxins for root induction. Endogenous zeatin and isopentenyl type cytokinins, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and abscisic acid (ABA) contents were determined in the three kinds of plant material prior to their culture. Our results show that the most active rooting systems has high levels of cytokinins, particularly dihydrozeatin (diH)Z and its riboside, and low levels of IAA and ABA. This situation could indicate that oxidative metabolism was taking place in cotyledonar linking areas, which is generally associated with the initiation phase of the rooting process. So that, we can assume that the induction phase is already overpassed in these tissues. On the contrary, the other two systems in which high levels of auxins and reduced levels of cytokinins were found, need to undergo the induction phase to be able to show root manifestation. In this case, the exogenous auxins are responsible for triggering this process, by enhancement of oxidative conditions. Therefore, it can be conclude that dynamics of growth regulators levels during the different phases of rooting are more important than specific single levels at fixed time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024575
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stomatal and cuticular traits on carnation tissue culture under different ventilation conditions (1998)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 25 (1998), S. 113-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: Abscisic acid ; acclimatization ; Dianthus caryophyllus ; micro-environmental control ; rate of ventilation ; stomatal functioning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Establishment of microplants is related to the moisture vapourtransmission of the culture vessel lid. In this respect, stomatal andcuticular physiology were characterized in detached leaves from Dianthuscaryophyllus grown in the glasshouse or in vitro at different rates ofventilation. In vitro plants grown in non-ventilated culture vessels hadless waxes and therefore higher RWL compared to in vitro plants grown at Vr0.86 changes.h−1. The improvement of stomatal function inleaves obtained in ventilated vessels can be due to a performance of ionicrelations between guard and subsidiary cells, mainly by an increasingK+ concentration in the guard cells as ventilation decreases.Moreover, data showthat there is an increase in free ABA in the leavesfromventilated culture vessels to compensate for the conjugated ABA lostduring desiccation. If the proliferation stage proceeds in ventilatedculture vessels, the physiological characteristics of the plants producedare better than those obtained in non-ventilated culture vessels, confirmedby higher survival after soil transplantion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:GROW.0000009706.70078.1c
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  • 10
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    An improved micropropagation protocol for stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) (2006)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-12-01
    Print ISSN: 1286-4560
    Electronic ISSN: 1297-966X
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Springer
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