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  • 1
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    Insituthickness measurements of ultra-thin multilayer polymer films by atomic force microscopy (1999)
    Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0957-4484
    Electronic ISSN: 1361-6528
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of thermal parameters and the optical gap of poly(3-butylthiophene) films by photopyroelectric spectroscopy (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 979-982 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Thermal parameters and the optical gap of undoped poly(3-butylthiophene) films were determined by photopyroelectric spectroscopy, using a PVDF film as the pyroelectric detector. The band gap energy was determined using both the amplitude and the phase curves for different chopping frequencies. When the theoretical model developed by Mandelis and Zver [J. Appl. Phys. 57, 4421 (1985)], was applied to the experimental results comprising amplitude and phase difference spectra, the thermal diffusivity and the thermal conductivity were obtained as fitting parameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354840
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Space charge migration in discharging current measurement (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 2612-2617 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A consistent model is developed for explaining an anomalous peak in the discharging current in step-voltage measurements in dielectric materials. It is based on the migration of space charge across the bulk of a short-circuited sample under the action of the internal electric field. The space charge is injected by one of the electrodes during the charging process, and remains trapped close to one of the sample surfaces at surface traps whose capturing time is very short. When applied to a paraelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride/trifluoroethylene) copolymer, which presents a prominent peak in the discharging current, the model permits carrier mobilities and the detrapping time to be obtained. It was also experimentally observed that the current peak depends on the polarization field and on the relative humidity of the environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356236
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoacoustic procedure for measuring thermal parameters of transparent solids (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 3892-3894 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An application of photoacoustic technique is developed for determining the thermal diffusivity coefficient and the thermal conductivity of transparent materials. The backing material which supports the sample is made optically opaque, i.e., it entirely absorbs the incident light, and the converted heat diffuses through the sample heating the gas in contact with its opposite surface. The method is illustrated by fitting voltage amplitude and phase signals versus the chopping frequency in the photoacoustic cell, according to a theoretical model of heat diffusion. Thermal parameters obtained for three polymers compare very well with results from the literature. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.115308
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation-induced conductivity of polymers in different gases (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 62 (1987), S. 1420-1424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The conductivity induced in various polymers by continuous irradiation with x rays was measured under a vacuum and in different gases. Oxygen, nitrogen, and air increased the induced conductivity in polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), while argon left it almost unchanged. Argon and air decreased it in Kapton, and air decreased it in Mylar. The saturation current is that stationary value of the current that is obtained if all radiation-generated carriers are removed by the applied field. The measured current amplitude for PVDF in an atmosphere of air of 100% humidity reached almost 50% of that current, while in the other materials it did not exceed 1% of the saturation value. Therefore, carrier removal by the applied field played a negligible role in Kapton and Mylar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.339646
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of the molecular conformation on the charge transport of irradiated P(VDF/TrFE) copolymers (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 2738-2740 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this letter we show that upon irradiation a poly(vinylidene fluoride)-trifluorethylene copolymer exhibits a molecular-dependent radiation-induced conductivity. It was observed that at room temperature, under which P(VDF/TrFE) is ferroelectric and possesses a transplanar conformation, the carrier recombination is negligible. Above the Curie temperature (TGTG′ conformation), the radiation-induced conductivity (RIC) is three orders of magnitude higher, and recombination becomes an important process as the trapping time is considerably reduced. The experimental results were analyzed using a modified multiple-trapping model usually applied to disordered materials. Important charge transport parameters were determined for the P(VDF/TrFE) copolymer for both ferro- and paraelectric phases. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114428
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spin dynamics study in doped polyaniline by continuous wave and pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 2958-2966 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Continuous-wave (cw) and pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (pulsed EPR) techniques were used to investigate spin dynamics in moderately and slightly doped poly(o-methoxyaniline), a polyaniline derivative. EPR line shapes, measured by standard cw EPR, and relaxation rates, measured by electron spin–echo methods, were studied as a function of temperature, in the ranges 6–300 K (cw) and 6–100 K (pulsed). Experimental results were explained by a model which considered two types of spins: isolated polarons in an insulating matrix, and delocalized ones in conductive islands (clusters) formed by dopant aggregates. Experimental data agreed with the assumption that EPR spectra are generated by isolated polarons coupled to the clusters by dipole–dipole interactions. Furthermore, some experimental evidence suggests that spin dynamic within the clusters, which play an essential role in the interpretation of the EPR results, is determined by exchange interactions. Consequences of the proposed model are discussed. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.480869
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence of molecular orientation in poly(3-butylthiophene) films by electron spin resonance measurements (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 17 (1998), S. 511-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006596831274
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of ferroelectric transitions of vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene copolymers (1989)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 27 (1989), S. 913-917 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Thermally stimulated depolarization (TSD) measurements with superimposed “piezoelectric noise” allow us to identify the ferroelectric-to-paraelectric phase transition in vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene (VDF/TrFE) copolymers with different molar ratios. In addition, a new transition which did not change the ferroelectric features of the material has also been detected. Long relaxation processes always accompany these transitions. By the initial-rise method we calculated the activation energies for these relaxations as 0.73 eV for the ferroelectric-to-paraelectric transition and 0.33 eV for the ferroelectric-to-ferroelectric one.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1989.090270414
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of X-ray radiation on the structure of P (VDF/TrFE) copolymers (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 35 (1997), S. 1201-1205 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: fluorinated polymers ; radiation ; structural changes ; crosslinking ; degradation ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Structural changes in poly(vinylidene fluoride)-trifluoroethylene [P(VDF-TrFE)] copolymers caused by X-ray irradiation were investigated by molecular weight determination, EPR analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, gel content, DSC thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, and piezoelectricity measurements. Samples exhibit radiation-induced conductivity (RIC) due to the formation of radical ions. These radicals are generated by bond cleavage, which could react, leading to structural changes such as oxidation, double bond formation, chain scission, and crosslinking. The increasing gel content with radiation dose indicated that crosslinkings of the polymer chains predominate. Irradiation on P(VDF-TrFE) caused the melting temperature, heat of fusion, and Curie temperature to decrease. These results are consistent with the partial destruction of crystalline domains. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35: 1201-1205, 1997
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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