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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    3D collar design creation (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of clothing science & technology 15 (2003), S. 88-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 0955-6222
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This preliminary research revolute the conventional clothing design process by true designs from three-dimensional (3D) rather than two-dimensional. The aim of the research is to develop a handy 3D clothing design software tool for general garment designers. Work carried out in this paper is the preliminary result of the 3D software infrastructure. In addition, 3D collar design based on a mathematical formula is accomplished as a template for other garment portions. Object-oriented technology is invoked as a tool for software developing. The system is divided into two major modulus, the user interface and the kernel. The user interface is used to collect messages from the users, and then send it to the kernel for further computations. Moreover, it exhibits real-time pictures received from the kernel. The major work of the kernel is to handle the operations that are called by the user interface. In this paper two basal collars, convertible collar and shirt collar, are illustrated as diversified figurations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09556220310470088
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Part I: system kernel and formulas (2005)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of clothing science & technology 17 (2005), S. 292-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 0955-6222
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Purpose - This ongoing research revolute the conventional clothing design process by garment constructions in truly three dimensions rather than in two dimensions by ways of pattern design. The aim of the research is to develop a computer-assisted clothing design tool in complete three dimensions. It would provide the garment designers the capabilities of 3D basal garment creation, restyling, and static fitting analysis when wearing on a digital mannequin. The kernel of the design environment and the mathematical formulas used in garment creation are described, results and implementations will be presented later in part II of this paper. Design/methodology/approach - In this paper, a mannequin-based garment design and restyling tools in three dimensions is proposed. The tools are based on mathematical formulas which provide an intuitive way of computer-aided garment design. Findings - Free style creation on clothes is performed by the provided tools and its formulas behind. Feature-based mannequin model is initially constructed by its features interpolation. The crucial girths on garment, for instances, collar girth and sleeve girth are generated from the neck girth and the armhole girth, respectively. Based on the feature girths on the mannequin, garment surface is "radial grown" from the digital mannequin. B-spline surface, loft surface, and sweep surface are used to build blouse, sleeve, and collar for creation and restyling. Research limitations/implications - Basal garment is initially "grown" from the computer mannequin model, which means, size grading no longer becomes extra work. 3D restyling tool is then invoked to conduct versatile designs by exhibiting designers' imagination space. Static fitting analysis is easily performed by the corresponding features on the mannequin. Originality/value - In this paper, a new three dimensions method in clothing design for clothes style creation and restyling in three dimensions on a digital mannequin model is proposed. In this research, a truly 3D garment design tool is developed in order to break through currently paper draft design concept.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09556220510616165
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Part II: implementations (2005)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of clothing science & technology 17 (2005), S. 307-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 0955-6222
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Purpose - A significant garment restyling tool was developed to perform garment design in three dimensions. It provides the professional designers the abilities of 3D garment creation, restyling, omni-angle visualization, and fitting evaluation on a digital mannequin model. According to the body tape-measurements defined in ISO 8559:1999(E) and ASTM D5219-99 (1999), the extracted feature lines on computer mannequin dominate the shape of the apparel and also its associated fitting results. In this paper, the garment creation by the provided interfaces and its outcomes based on the developed system kernel and its formulas described in part I of the paper is demonstrated. Design/methodology/approach - In part II of this paper, a three-dimensional garment creation and restyling software based on the kernel infrastructure and formulas is implemented. Findings - Currently, three fundamental dresses, two basic collars, and sleeve are successfully implemented in the creation of free style mannequin-made apparels. Fitting results in static status are easily performed by detecting the allowances along the body feature lines and its near by. The base of an intuitive 3D computer-aided garment design and manufacture is gradually formed starting from here. Originality/value - In this paper, it is proved that garment creation and restyling can be achieved in three dimensions. This work provides a solution to how to manipulate a modifiable geometry in three dimensions and provide a friendly tool for reshaping.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09556220510616174
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    XPS and AES studies of the composition of the viscous liquid film in the electropolishing of copper (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 20 (1990), S. 231-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Phosphorus was detected with XPS and AES on the electropolished copper obtained in different hydroxyethylidene-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) concentrations, at different pH values and in various solutions (H3PO4, HEDP, and HEDP+H3PO4). The results show that no phosphorus appears on the copper surface, so that the viscous liquid film formed can be easily removed by washing. The viscous liquid film obtained from H3PO4+HEDP solution possesses very good film-forming characteristics. The composition of the viscous film can be established from the constant composition region of the depth profile curve and may be considered to be a polynuclear coordination polymeric compound with a structural unit of approximately [Cu4(PO)4) (HEDP)] n .
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01033599
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Automatic Polishing of Super Accuracy Mirror Mold with Free-Form Surface by Curvature Analysis (2006)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 505-507 (Jan. 2006), p. 547-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper proposed a polishing path planning method of super accuracy mirror mold with free-form surface by curvature analysis. First, IGES files of free-form surfaces are read and the mold geometry is regenerated as B-spline surface by the Automatic Mold Polishing System (AMPS). By using the derivative properties of B-spline surface, normal vector and principal curvatures at any point of the surface are calculated. In addition, the effective contact width between polishing tool and mold surface based on the grain size and the principal radii of curvature is also determined. The minimum contact width in 3-D is mapped onto the (u, v) parameters of B-spline surface. Then a modified Peano fractal path with weaving function is calculated based on the effective contact width in the (u, v)coordinate. This Peano-weaving path was tested on an optical mold with free-form surface. The polishing result shows the method is very effective and achieves the level of mirror surface with roughness Ra 29nm
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/11/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.505-507.547.pdf
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Climate and vegetation in China (I). Changes in the altitudinal lapse rate of temperature and distribution of sea level temperature (1988)
    Springer
    Ecological research 3 (1988), S. 37-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1703
    Keywords: Altitude ; Altitudinal lapse rate of temperature (ALRT) ; China ; Distance from coast (DC) ; Sea level temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Changes in the altitudinal lapse rate of temperature (ALRT) and temperature distribution at sea level were studied all over China, using temperature records from 671 meteorological stations during a statistical period from 1951 to 1980. ALRT varied regularly with distance from the eastern and south eastern coast (DC) with a minimum at about 600 km DC and a maximum at 1600–2000 km DC. The ALRT curve pattern was closely related to the mean altitude. The reliability of this trend was verified by calculating ALRT for each latitude group. Values of ALRT did not show any latitidinal trend within a distance group from the coast. An empirical equation was proposed for the relation between the DC and ALRT, and the ALRT for each meteorological station was estimated from the equation. The annual and monthly mean temperatures at sea level were calculated using the ALRT, and distribution maps were constructed. The isotherms ran almost parallel to latitude in January, and roughly parallel to the coastline in July. High temperatures at sea level were remarkable in the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau, Sichuan Basin, Daxingan Ling and the area surrounding the Tien Shan Mountains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02348693
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Climate and vegetation in China II. Distribution of main vegetation types and thermal climate (1989)
    Springer
    Ecological research 4 (1989), S. 71-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1703
    Keywords: China ; Distribution of vegetation ; Thermal climatic zone ; Vegetation type ; Warmth index (WI)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The authors examined relationships between Kira's warmth index (WI) and four other important thermal indices: the sums of daily mean temperatures above 5°C and 10°C, Thornthwaite's potential evapotranspiration (PE) and Holdridge's annual biotemperature. The thermal records of 671 meteorological stations evenly located all over China were used to make these comparisons. Close correlations were found within the four relationships, and accordingly WI was used to analyse the thermal distributions of the main vegetation types. Vegetation types around the 671 stations were read from a vegetation map with a scale of 1/4000000. Vegetation types at 269 stations corresponded to the natural or seminatural vegetation, and 29 vegetation types were distinguished by arranging the 269 data into the same or similar types. The geographical distribution of these 29 types and the corresponding main climatic features were described. The relations between WI and distribution of these vegetation types were discussed in detail. As a result, WI values (°C month) corresponding to the vegetation zones could be summarized as follows: (1) arctic or alpine vegetation zone: 0–15; (2) boreal or subalpine vegetation zone: 15-(50–55); (3) cool-temperate vegetation zone: (50–55)–(80–90); (4) warm-temperate vegetation zone: (80–90)–(170–180). These values almost coincided with Kira's values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02346944
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vertical vegetation zones along 30° N latitude in humid East Asia (1996)
    Springer
    Plant ecology 126 (1996), S. 135-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: China ; Fagus ; Himalayas ; Montana vegetation ; Thermal climate ; Tsuga
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Structural changes in altitudinal vegetation zones along a 30° N parallel were studied based on vegetation data from 20 mountains in East Asia, from 85° E to 130° E longitude. The altitude of comparable vegetation zones showed a sharp increase of 1400–1900 m from east to west. Forest limit reached an altitude of 4400–4600 m in the eastern Tibetan Plateau, being the highest forest limit in the world. The limidng factor for the upper limit of a vegetation zone was different in the east and west. Low temperature in winter controlled the upward distribution of the evergreen broadleaf forest in the east, whereas the limiting factor was growing season warmth in the west. A close correlation was found between the climatic indices and annual range of monthly mean temperature (ART) at the upper limit of a vegetation zone. Component genera of each vegetation zone along the 30° N parallel were analyzed, and it was found that the alternation of component genera from east to west was much more apparent in cool-temperate forests, reflecting their response to macrotopography and air masses. The distribution of Fagus extended into winter-cold regions, whilst Tsuga occurred principally in oceanic and warm climates. The northern limit of Tsuga corresponded well to an ART isotherm of 23 °C and its southern limit coincided with that of Fagus. According to the distribution of Fagus and Tsuga, the cool-temperate forests in East Asia along the 30° N belt were divided into three types: deciduous broadleaf forest (represented by Fagus), mixed forest (dominated by Fagus, Tsuga and others), and mixed evergreen forest (consisting mainly of Tsuga and sclerophyll oaks).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00045600
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Voltage-sensitive dyes for monitoring multineuronal activity in the intact central nervous system (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 30 (1998), S. 169-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Optical monitoring of activity provides new kinds of information about brain function. Two examples are discussed in this article. First, the spike activity of many individual neurons in small ganglia can be determined. Second, the spatio-temporal characteristics of coherent activity in the brain can be directly measured. This article discusses both general characteristics of optical measurements (sources of noise) as well as more methodological aspects related to voltage-sensitive dye measurements from the nervous system. 1998 © Chapman & Hall
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003295319615
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Climate and vegetation in China III water balance and distribution of vegetation (1990)
    Springer
    Ecological research 5 (1990), S. 9-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1703
    Keywords: China ; Distribution of vegetation ; Evergreen broadleaf forest ; Moisture index ; Thornthwaite's system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Distributions of 29 vegetation types in China as a function of climatic humidity or aridity were analysed using Thornthwaite's system, by employing meteorological records from 671 stations in China. The annual potential evapotranspiration and the humidity/aridity indices were calculated for every station, and distribution maps of water deficiency, water surplus and moisture index (Im) were constructed. The Im map showed that arid areas (Im〈0) occupied about 56% of the country. The effect of the difference in soil water storage capacity on Thornthwaite's indices was examined, and Im values were found to differ little, although some differences were observed in actual annual evapotranspiration, water deficiency and water surplus values. Correlations between Im values and distributions of 29 vegetation types, identified from a vegetation map with a scale of 1/4000000, were investigated. The distributions of desert, steppe, woodland, deciduous forest and evergreen forest corresponded to Im values of below −40, −40–−20, −20-0, 0–60 and over 60, respectively. In addition, climatic factors delimiting the northern distribution of evergreen broadleaf forest were investigated, and it was clarified that the northern limit was restricted by combined hydrothermal conditions, and not by the low temperature in winter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02348460
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