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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Marketing intelligence & planning 21 (2003), S. 282-291 
    ISSN: 0263-4503
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The present study considers how clothing and shoe retailers in New Zealand, Portugal and Hungary manage promotion campaigns and looks at the objectives that are most important to these retailers as well as the marketing activities that are undertaken to reach these objectives. Change-of-season sales are found to be the most frequently used sales type by the retailers studied and these sales are linked with objectives of moving a volume of stock and activities such as co-ordination of media across all forms. Secondary sales types include Christmas and general sales, and these are linked with other promotional objectives and activities such as increasing profit and dollar sales, and stock management.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    International marketing review 15 (1998), S. 246-256 
    ISSN: 0265-1335
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper compares the promotional practices and perceptions between two countries of disparate cultural backgrounds, namely Australia and Hong Kong. The paper argues that the preference for a particular promotional tool is influenced by the degree of cultural orientation as measured by Hofstede's collectivism index. The central hypothesis is that countries with a higher score on the collectivism index are likely to favour personal selling promotion tools than will countries with a lower score. This hypothesis is tested with two separate samples of clothing and shoe retailers from Australia and Hong Kong. The hypothesis is supported from the statistical results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of retail and distribution management 26 (1998), S. 354-361 
    ISSN: 0959-0552
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The purpose of this paper is to examine whether strategic promotion management approach is relevant to the small independent retailers. To address this question, we contrasted the promotion approaches of 397 small independent stores and 115 large retailers. The data were collected from clothing and shoe retailers across eight Australian capital cities. The key finding is that they do in fact adapt their promotion mix to suit their strategic needs. Thus although small independent retailers may lack the financial resources and managerial expertise of larger retailers, they have been found to possess some degree of sophistication in respect to their promotion mix management.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    The @journal of product & brand management 12 (2003), S. 108-120 
    ISSN: 1061-0421
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Although universities are increasingly competing for international students, little has been written about the influence of cross-cultural values on the positioning of international education brands. This study investigates the values that students in three Asian markets place on overseas university education, and the media they use to gain information about universities. The results suggest that a common media mix can be utilized in Malaysia, Singapore and Hong Kong, and that a standardized or adapted branding strategy could be adopted, depending on how many of these markets universities wish to target. The results have important implications for the positioning of international university brands in Asian markets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    Journal of consumer marketing 22 (2005), S. 6-13 
    ISSN: 0736-3761
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to determine attitudes towards the advertising of certain controversial products/services and reasons for being offensive across four different countries, Malaysia, New Zealand, Turkey and the UK. Design/methodology/approach - This was achieved by analyzing the responses to a questionnaire that was distributed to a convenience sample of university students in the four countries. A total of 954 were sampled for this study. The results indicated that geography is not a major determinant of attitudes, and that religious and historical factors play a very important role. Findings - Of the 17 products presented, 11 resulted in similar answers for New Zealand and the UK, and seven were similar for Malaysia and Turkey. However, it was apparent that the two countries mostly populated by Muslims had some differences as Malaysia has a multicultural society that must make some allowances for other ethnic groups. It also appears that racism and racist images are of concern to all those sampled. Originality/value - The opening up of regional markets and the development of regional and global media, such as satellite television and the internet, will mean that marketers will try to take advantage of the associated benefits of a standardized approach to advertising and promotional activities. For those involved in international marketing, it is important that they are aware of possible differences and cultural sensitivities when entering a new market or undertaking a standardized mass-media campaign across a region, whether it be Australasia or Europe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    Journal of small business & enterprise development 8 (2001), S. 205-214 
    ISSN: 1462-6004
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The purpose of this study is to examine how small businesses (ie owner-managers) view integrated marketing communications (IMC), its associated advantages and barriers to adopting this new marketing paradigm. This is undertaken by exploring clothing and shoe retailers' perceptions of several specific combinations of promotion tools. The study will concentrate on respondents' awareness of the IMC concept, regardless of whether they utilise the concept or not. Pleasingly, these small New Zealand businesses are equally as aware as large corporations of the benefits of adopting an IMC approach. This is despite a plethora of claims that small businesses do not have the manpower and specialist skill to integrate their marketing communications. The paper concludes by discussing the various advantages of and barriers to adopting an IMC approach and the implications for small businesses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Asia Pacific journal of marketing and logistics 12 (2000), S. 3-16 
    ISSN: 1355-5855
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Considers the environmental differences that may need to be considered when marketers enter into a new country such as media restrictions. Cultural and legal factors. Observes a study of Malaysian media professionals' perceptions towards various media and advertising restrictions in their country. Presents findings suggesting that advertising images, particularly nudity, indecent language, and sexist images were perceived as major reasons for advertising restrictions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    European journal of marketing 38 (2004), S. 537-555 
    ISSN: 0309-0566
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In a constantly changing and increasingly globalized world, religion still plays a significant role in influencing social and consumer behavior. This study will analyze what influence religion and intensity of belief has on attitudes towards the advertising of particular controversial products and services. A questionnaire was distributed to 1,393 people across six different countries and resulting in samples of four main religious groups. The results indicated some statistically significant differences between the groups, which can have important implications for global marketers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2008-06-11
    Print ISSN: 0167-4544
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-0697
    Topics: Philosophy , Economics
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2009-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0167-4544
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-0697
    Topics: Philosophy , Economics
    Published by Springer
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