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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 7 (1971), S. 139-149 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Cartilage ; Estrogen ; Ultrastructure ; Growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Dix rats Holtzman mâles et sevrés sont sacrifiés injection intrapéritonéale d'oestradiol (Progynon, Schering) aqueux, à des doses quotiediennes de 1 μ g. par g de poids. Des témoins, ayant reçu une dose équivalente de liquide de dilution, sont sacrifiés à des intervalles de 1 heure à 6 jours, identiques aux temps de sacrifice des animaux injectés. Les cartilages épiphysaires supérieurs des tibias tibias (ECP) étudiés en microscopie électronique, montrent, dès trois heures après l'ionjection, une augmentation nette de 'activié sécrétoire, caractérisée, au niveau de la zone de sécrétion matricielle, par l'abondance dans les citernes golgiennes d'un matériel piqueté, constitué par des complexes protéino-polysaccharidiques. La désintégration de la membrane limitante de vésicules golgiennes individuelles est plus avancée après vingt quatre heures: après trois jours de traitement, seules quelques vésicules restent intactes et des plages d'un matériel initialement intravacuolaire sont visibles dans le cytoplasme. De longs filaments, rappelant les précurseurs ou les fibrilles primaires du collagène, sont visibles dans cette sécrétion. Après six jours, de grandes plages de cettre subestance remplissent les cellules de la couche pré-hypertrophieque, avec déplacement de l'ergastoplasme en périphérie. Des vacuoles cytoplasques, contenant un matériel semblable à celui qu'on retrouve dans la lacune, et présentant des filament finement moniliformes et disposés en rayons le long de la membrane limitante, sont visibles. Ces observations suggèrent une accélération initiale de l'activité sécrétoire chondrocytaire, suivie par un retard de transfert. La rétention consécutive et la polymérisation intracellulaire de produits précollagéniques accélèrent l'hypertrophie et favorisent ainsi la dégénérescence précoce des chondrocytes. Ces altérations ultrastructurales paraissent être spécifiques aux oestrog`enes.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Zehn männliche Hotlzmann-Ratten, die im Entwöhnungsstadium waren, erhielten täglich wässerige Oestradioldosen (Progynon, Schering) von 1 μ/g Körpergewicht i.p. Dann wurden sie gleichzeitig mit Kontrolltieren, welche die gleiche Menge Verdünnungsmittel erhalten hatten, in Intervallen von 1 Std bis zu 6 Tagen getötet. Platten des oberen tibialen Epiphysenknorples (ECP), welche für die Elektronenmikroskopie präpariert wurden, zeigtem, daß schon 3 Std nach der Injektion ein bemerkenswerte Erhöhung der sekretorischen Tätigkeit entsteht. Dies wurde in der Zone der Matrixausscheidung sichtbar, wo sich in den Golgi-Zisternen eine Anhäufung von punktiertem, aus Proteinpolysaccharid-Komplexen bestehendem Material zeigte. Der Zerfall der Membran, welche die einzelnen Golgi-Bläschen umgibt, nahm nach 24 Std zu; nach 3 Tagen Behandlung blieben nur wenige Gefäße intakt, und Ansammlungen von ursprünglich intravacuolörem Material konnten im Grundplasma beobachtet werden. Lange Fasern, welche auf primäre oder Prae-Kollagefibrillen hindeuteten, konnten in diesem Sekret gesehen werden. Nach 6 Tagen wurden die Zellen in der prähypertrophen Zone mit dieser Substanz richtiggehend überschwemmt, und das rauhe endoplasmatische Reticulum wurde anschließend gegen die Zellperipherie verlagert. Die oft beobachteten cytoplasmatischen Vacuolen enthielten ein Material, das dem in den Lacunen vorkommenden ähnlich ist und zeigten auf der ungebrenden Membran feinperlige, radial angeordnete Fasern. Unsere Beobachtungen deuten auf eine anfängliche Beschleuning der chondrocytischen sekretorischen Tätigkeit, mit nachfolgender Transportverlangsamung, hin. Die dadurch entstehende Retention und intrazelluläre Polymerisation von präkollagenen Produkten beschleunigt die Hypertrophie und begünstigt dadurch die frühe Degeneration von Chondrocyten. Diese ultrastrukturellen Veränderungen scheinen oestrogen-spezifisch zu sein.
    Notes: Abstract Ten male weanling Holtzman rats, injected intraperitoneally with aqueous estradiol (Progynon, Schering), in daily doses of 1 μg. per g body weight, were sacrificed, simultaneously with controls receiving an equivalent amount of diluent, at intervals ranging from one hour to six days. Upper tibial epiphyseal cartilage plates (ECP), procesed for electron microscopy, revealed, as early as three hours after injection, appreciable enhancement of secretory activity, evidenced, in the zone of matrix secretion, by the abundance in Golgi cisternae of stippled material representing proteinpolysaccharide complexes. Disintegration of the lining membrane of individual Golgi vesicles was advanced after twenty-four hours; following three days of treatment, few vesicles remained intact, and pools of initially intravacuolar material were observable in the gound plasm. Long filaments, suggestive of primary or precursor collagen fibrils were apparent in this secretion. After six days, virtual lakes of this substance filled cells in the zone of prehypertophy, with consequent displacement of the rough endoplasmic reticulum against the cell periphery. Cytoplasmic vacuoles, containing mateerial similar to that found in the lacunar moat, and displaying finely beaded, radially arrayed filaments on the lining membrane were frequently encountered. Our observations suggest an initial acclleration of chondrocytic secretory activity, with subsequent retardation of transport. The resultant retention and intracellular polymerization of precollagenous products accelerates hypertrophy, thereby promoting early degeneration of chondrocytes. These ultrastructural alterations are apparently estrogen-specific.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2017-10-26
    Description: Nature inspired Swarm algorithms have proven to be effective in solving recent complex optimization problems. Comparing such algorithm is a difficult task due to many facts, the nature of the swarm, the nature of the optimization problem itself and number of controlling parameters of the swarm algorithm. In this work we compared two recent swarm algorithms applied to the community detection problem which are the Bat Algorithm (BA) and Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm (AFSA). Community detection is an active problem in social network analysis. The problem of detecting communities can be represented as an optimization problem where a quality fitness function that captures the intuition of a community as a group of nodes with better internal connectivity than external connectivity is chosen to be optimized. We also investigated the application of the BA and AFSA in solving the community section problem. And introduced a comparative analysis between the two algorithms and other well-known methods. The study show the effectiveness and the limitations of both algorithms.
    Print ISSN: 1367-0751
    Electronic ISSN: 1368-9894
    Topics: Mathematics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2013-11-15
    Description: Data regarding the presentation and outcome of pediatric malignancies in northern Egypt, a resource-limited area, is limited. Alexandria School of Medicine (ASM) is the only center in Northern Egypt providing therapy to children with oncologic conditions. It serves 4 governorates and a population of 20 million. Initially children were treated as part of a combined adult/pediatric oncology service with therapy based on active adult protocols. In January 2010 a dedicated pediatric oncology service was created and staffed with providers specifically trained to care for children;international pediatric protcols were employed. We here present a comparison of outcomes achieved in children diagnosed with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) before and after launching this service. Methods A retrospective review of patients 100% as some children had 〉 one symptom at presentation.) Staging was done according to St. Jude classification of NHL. Historically the majority of patients presented with stage IV disease ( 51%). 25% were Stage III, 19% stage II and 5% stage I. After the launch the most common stage at presentation was stage II ( 42%) followed by stage III (40%) , stage IV ( 16%) and stage I ( 3%). Diagnosis of lymphoma was pathologically proven in 80% and 20% were treated based on clinical/radiologic signs and symptoms. Histopathological diagnosis in the older cohort were Burkitt lymphoma (39%), Lymphoblastic Lymphoma (30%), Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (20%) and anaplastic lymphoma (ALCL) (11%). After the launch diagnoses were Burkitt lymphoma (63%), Lymphoblastic Lymphoma (15%), DLBCL (13%), ALCL (5%) and Natural Killer Cell lymphoma (4%). In the historical group pediatric patients were treated on adult protocols in use at that time. 60% received only chemotherapy 35% were treated with a combination chemotherapy/radiotherapy and 5% were treated with radiotherapy as the sole modality. After the launch patients were treated on internationally published pediatric protocols employing multiagent chemotherapy. No patients in this group received radiation therapy. With a follow up period of 24-132 (mean 49) months, 25% of historical patients succumbed to disease or therapy related complications for a disease free survival of 75%. After the establishment of a pediatric service with a follow up of 3-30 (mean 12) months 13% had died for a disease free survival of 87% ( p= 0.17). Conclusion NHL is one of the most common pediatric oncologic diagnoses and patients in developed countries have very good outcomes with 〉 80% survival on current protcols. At ASM, where the majority of children residing in northern Egypt receive their oncology care, children were treated as part of an adult oncology service, a common occurrence when resources are limited. 3 years ago the need for a dedicated pediatric service was recognized. We here compare outcomes for children with NHL before and after the establishment of this service. The subtypes seen are similar to those in Northern America and Europe and do not differ between the 2 periods. However disease free survival significantly improved in the recent era and is now similar to international norms. These results indicate that despite limitations encountered in this setting developing a dedicated pediatric oncology program can postivilet impact outcomes in addition to creating a platform for prospective data collection and practice improvement that will continue to improve results for these unfortunate children. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
    Print ISSN: 0006-4971
    Electronic ISSN: 1528-0020
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2020-02-01
    Electronic ISSN: 2352-3409
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2002-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0165-0114
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-6801
    Topics: Mathematics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1982-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0008-543X
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-0142
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Cancer Society.
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