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PROTEIN DISPLACEMENT DURING CLASSIFICATION OF GLANDED COTTONSEED (1980)

KADAN, R. S. ; FREEMAN, D. W. ; ZIEGLER, G. M. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Journal of food science 45 (1980), S. 0

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ISSN: 1750-3841

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: The effects of classification of glanded cottonseed flour on protein displacement were studied. Media were liquid (nonpolar solvent) and air. The fines and coarse fractions had different ratios of water-soluble functional and storage proteins than the starting material. The difference in protein distribution was reflected in the contents of essential amino acids of each fraction. Fines or “overs” fractions had lower amounts of some limiting essential amino acids such as lysine, threonine and leucine as compared with the coarse fraction. Degossypolised cottonseed flour therefore had lower protein quality than the starting material. Although the fines fractions have lower amounts of essential amino acids as compared with the coarse fractions, they did not differ in the type of proteins as shown by gel electrophoresis.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1980.tb07564.x

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2

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A Direct Hexane Extraction Process for Glanded Cottonseed (1982)

ZIEGLER, G. M. ; KADAN, R. S. ; FREEMAN, D. W. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Journal of food science 47 (1982), S. 0

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ISSN: 1750-3841

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: A modified filter funnel apparatus was used to determine mass flow velocities for extraction of uncooked glanded cottonseed flakes, and the results were compared with a continuous pilot-plant-scale extractor. A mass velocity of 2,000 lb/hr/ft2 or higher (considered adequate for oilseed extraction) was obtained in all cases. Both the initial meat moisture before flaking and the flake moisture during extraction were found to affect the mass velocity. A meat moisture before flaking of less than 9% decreased the mass velocity, probably as a result of increased fines and thus smaller flake size. A high flake moisture (about 9%) during heated-hexane extraction caused a decrease in mass velocity compared to that of lower-moisture flakes. The correlation of filter-funnel mass velocity data to a continuous pilot-plant extractor confirmed that uncooked flakes can be satisfactorily extracted to yield low residual lipids by using a low solvent-to-flake ratio and ambient-temperature hexane solvent.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1982.tb11087.x

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AIR CLASSIFICATION OF DEFATTED, GLANDED COTTONSEED FLOURS TO PRODUCE EDIBLE PROTEIN PRODUCT (1979)

KADAN, R. S. ; FREEMAN, D. W. ; ZIEGLER, G. M. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Journal of food science 44 (1979), S. 0

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ISSN: 1750-3841

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: A modified air-classification technique for producing a low-gossypol, edible cottonseed product from defatted glanded cottonseed flour was investigated. Several milling methods, including fixed hammer disintegating, pin milling, and air-gun pulverizing, were used to prepare flour from defatted flakes. The milled flours were evaluated for particle size distribution prior to air classification. The yields and the proximate composition of the final fractions indicated that both are affected by the method of milling. With a fixed-hammer disintegrator, a low gossypol edible product was produced. The other milling methods ruptured excessive amounts of pigment glands or did not sufficiently comminute the defatted material. The edible fraction yield can be increased if heat is used to lower the free gossypol content of the final product. Heat converted free gossypol into bound gossypol, therefore total gossypol was unchanged.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1979.tb06478.x

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4

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Evidence that channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), mortality is not linked to ingestion of the hepatotoxin microcystin-LR (2002)

Snyder, G S ; Goodwin, A E ; Freeman, D W

Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

Journal of fish diseases 25 (2002), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2761

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: Catfish farms located in the south-eastern USA using brackish (3–5 g NaCl L−1) well water experience sporadic fish kills sometimes with high mortality. An investigation of three catastrophic losses occurring in this region identified no involvement of infectious diseases or traditional water quality problems, including oxygen, ammonia or nitrite. The high mortality and time course of the problem was indicative of exposure to a toxin. Attempts by other workers to explain the cause of this unique syndrome (high chloride associated toxicosis of catfish, HCTC), suggested that the losses might be because of microcystin-producing blooms of Microcystis aeruginosa, but our investigations failed to support this conclusion. We found that (1) the liver histology of catfish experimentally exposed to pure microcystin-LR is very different from that of catfish sampled during outbreaks of HCTC; (2) measurements of microcystin-LR concentrations in the three cases were far lower than the concentration required to kill catfish by experimental immersion; (3) the HCTC toxin appears to have a short half-life, whereas microcystin-LR does not; (4) experimental gavage of catfish with massive amounts of microcystin-LR does not cause the acute mortality typical of HCTC; (5) outbreaks of HCTC appear to be associated with heavy blooms of Anacystis marina, a halophytic cyanobacteria, not with blooms of M. aeruginosa.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.2002.00374.x

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On specular reflectivity measurements in high and low-contrast relativistic laser-plasma interactions (2015)

G. E. Kemp, A. Link, Y. Ping, H. S. McLean, P. K. Patel, R. R. Freeman, D. W. Schumacher, H. F. Tiedje, Y. Y. Tsui, R. Ramis and R. Fedosejevs

American Institute of Physics (AIP)

In: Physics of Plasmas

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Publication Date: 2015-01-15

Description: Using both experiment and 2D3V particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, we describe the use of specular reflectivity measurements to study relativistic ( Iλ 2 〉 10 18 W/cm 2 ⋅ μ m 2 ) laser-plasma interactions for both high and low-contrast 527 n m laser pulses on initially solid density aluminum targets. In the context of hot-electron generation, studies typically rely on diagnostics which, more-often-than-not, represent indirect processes driven by fast electrons transiting through solid density materials. Specular reflectivity measurements, however, can provide a direct measure of the interaction that is highly sensitive to how the EM fields and plasma profiles, critical input parameters for modeling of hot-electron generation, evolve near the interaction region. While the fields of interest occur near the relativistic critical electron density, experimental reflectivity measurements are obtained centimeters away from the interaction region, well after diffraction has fully manifested itself. Using a combination of PIC simulations with experimentally inspired conditions and an analytic, non-paraxial, pulse propagation algorithm, we calculate reflected pulse properties, both near and far from the interaction region, and compare with specular reflectivity measurements. The experiment results and PIC simulations demonstrate that specular reflectivity measurements are an extremely sensitive qualitative, and partially quantitative, indicator of initial laser/target conditions, ionization effects, and other details of intense laser-matter interactions. The techniques described can provide strong constraints on many systems of importance in ultra-intense laser interactions with matter.

Print ISSN: 1070-664X

Electronic ISSN: 1089-7674

Topics: Physics