ALBERT

Description: Abstract Vertical velocities can be estimated indirectly from in situ observations by theoretical frameworks like the ω‐equation. Direct measures of vertical exchanges are challenging due to their typically ephemeral spatiotemporal scales. In this study we address this problem with an adaptive sampling strategy coupling various biophysical instruments. We analyze the 3‐D organization of a cyclonic mesoscale structure finely sampled during the Observing Submesoscale Coupling At High Resolution cruise in the Ligurian Sea during fall 2015. The observations, acquired with a moving vessel profiler, highlight a subsurface low‐salinity layer (≃50 m), as well as rising isopycnals, generated by geostrophic cyclonic circulation, in the structure's center. Reconstructed 3‐D fields of density and horizontal velocities are used to estimate the vertical velocity field down to 250 m by applying the adiabatic QG ω‐equation, for the first time in this region. The vertical motions are characterized by multipolar patterns of downward and upward velocities on the edges of the structure and significantly smaller vertical velocities in its center. Both the 3‐D distribution of particles (size ≥100 μm), measured with a laser optical plankton counter, and the Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus abundances (cell per cubic meter) measured by flow cytometry are consistent with the 3‐D velocity field. In particular, a secondary vertical recirculation is identified that upwells particles (from 250 to 100 m) along isohalines to the structure's center. Besides demonstrating the effect of vertical patterns on biogeochemical distributions, this case study suggests to use particle matter as a tracer to assess physical dynamics.

Description: In the last decade, the rapid advancements in computational power have favored the development of high-resolution numerical models capable of directly resolving small scale structures such as fronts and filaments. Such models have greatly improved our understanding of submesoscale dynamics. At the same time, the small dimensions and short duration of these structures still pose major challenges for small-scale dedicated field experiments. For this reason, submesoscale studies from in-situ observations are still relatively scarce and quantitative estimates of key physical parameters for high-resolution numerical models, such as horizontal eddy diffusivity, are still lacking. This study presents a novel approach for computing in-situ horizontal eddy diffusivity associated with frontal structures by combining cross-front widths derived from surface thermosalinograph sections with stirring rates estimated from Lagrangian drifter trajectories. The method is applied to the measurements collected across a frontal structure observed in the western part of the Gulf of Lion during the Latex10 campaign (LAgrangian Transport EXperiment, September 1-24, 2010). A total of 76 estimates of eddy diffusivity were obtained for strain rates of 0.70 and 1.21 day -1 and front widths (horizontal scales) ranging between 1 and 4 km. The estimates are log-normally distributed, with 70% of the values ranging between 0.4 and 5 m 2 s -1 . Further analysis based on high-resolution simulations and remote sensed observations, as well as dedicated field experiments will help to assess the robustness of some the assumptions at the base of the proposed approach, and to extend the results to different ocean regions.

Description: Coastal transport and cross-shelf exchanges are important factors in controlling the dispersal of human and river discharged pollutants, as well as the advection of nutrients and larvae. Altimetry-based Lagrangian techniques provide accurate information on horizontal transport in the open ocean but are unreliable close to the coast. In order to circumvent this problem, during the Lagrangian Transport Experiment 2010 campaign (Latex10, 1–24 September 2010) transport structures in the western Gulf of Lion were investigated with an adaptive sampling strategy, combining satellite data, ship-based ADCP measurements, and iterative Lagrangian drifter releases. The sampling strategy was able to identify errors in the surface transport patterns derived from altimetry, and to track with in-situ observations attractive and repelling Lagrangian coherent structures for a period of 12 days. The structures maintained a corridor ∼10 km-wide, roughly parallel to the coast, along which waters from the continental shelf leave the gulf. This is confirmed by high-resolution SST imagery. The use of this sampling strategy to explore surface transport structures may provide important information for the environmental management of coastal regions, and may serve for validating future coastal altimetric products.

Description: Fertilization of the ocean by adding iron compounds has induced diatom-dominated phytoplankton blooms accompanied by considerable carbon dioxide drawdown in the ocean surface layer. However, because the fate of bloom biomass could not be adequately resolved in these experiments, the timescales of carbon sequestration from the atmosphere are uncertain. Here we report the results of a five-week experiment carried out in the closed core of a vertically coherent, mesoscale eddy of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, during which we tracked sinking particles from the surface to the deep-sea floor. A large diatom bloom peaked in the fourth week after fertilization. This was followed by mass mortality of several diatom species that formed rapidly sinking, mucilaginous aggregates of entangled cells and chains. Taken together, multiple lines of evidence-although each with important uncertainties-lead us to conclude that at least half the bloom biomass sank far below a depth of 1,000 metres and that a substantial portion is likely to have reached the sea floor. Thus, iron-fertilized diatom blooms may sequester carbon for timescales of centuries in ocean bottom water and for longer in the sediments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smetacek, Victor -- Klaas, Christine -- Strass, Volker H -- Assmy, Philipp -- Montresor, Marina -- Cisewski, Boris -- Savoye, Nicolas -- Webb, Adrian -- d'Ovidio, Francesco -- Arrieta, Jesus M -- Bathmann, Ulrich -- Bellerby, Richard -- Berg, Gry Mine -- Croot, Peter -- Gonzalez, Santiago -- Henjes, Joachim -- Herndl, Gerhard J -- Hoffmann, Linn J -- Leach, Harry -- Losch, Martin -- Mills, Matthew M -- Neill, Craig -- Peeken, Ilka -- Rottgers, Rudiger -- Sachs, Oliver -- Sauter, Eberhard -- Schmidt, Maike M -- Schwarz, Jill -- Terbruggen, Anja -- Wolf-Gladrow, Dieter -- England -- Nature. 2012 Jul 18;487(7407):313-9. doi: 10.1038/nature11229.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany. victor.smetacek@awi.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22810695" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Microbes are dominant drivers of biogeochemical processes, yet drawing a global picture of functional diversity, microbial community structure, and their ecological determinants remains a grand challenge. We analyzed 7.2 terabases of metagenomic data from 243 Tara Oceans samples from 68 locations in epipelagic and mesopelagic waters across the globe to generate an ocean microbial reference gene catalog with 〉40 million nonredundant, mostly novel sequences from viruses, prokaryotes, and picoeukaryotes. Using 139 prokaryote-enriched samples, containing 〉35,000 species, we show vertical stratification with epipelagic community composition mostly driven by temperature rather than other environmental factors or geography. We identify ocean microbial core functionality and reveal that 〉73% of its abundance is shared with the human gut microbiome despite the physicochemical differences between these two ecosystems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sunagawa, Shinichi -- Coelho, Luis Pedro -- Chaffron, Samuel -- Kultima, Jens Roat -- Labadie, Karine -- Salazar, Guillem -- Djahanschiri, Bardya -- Zeller, Georg -- Mende, Daniel R -- Alberti, Adriana -- Cornejo-Castillo, Francisco M -- Costea, Paul I -- Cruaud, Corinne -- d'Ovidio, Francesco -- Engelen, Stefan -- Ferrera, Isabel -- Gasol, Josep M -- Guidi, Lionel -- Hildebrand, Falk -- Kokoszka, Florian -- Lepoivre, Cyrille -- Lima-Mendez, Gipsi -- Poulain, Julie -- Poulos, Bonnie T -- Royo-Llonch, Marta -- Sarmento, Hugo -- Vieira-Silva, Sara -- Dimier, Celine -- Picheral, Marc -- Searson, Sarah -- Kandels-Lewis, Stefanie -- Tara Oceans coordinators -- Bowler, Chris -- de Vargas, Colomban -- Gorsky, Gabriel -- Grimsley, Nigel -- Hingamp, Pascal -- Iudicone, Daniele -- Jaillon, Olivier -- Not, Fabrice -- Ogata, Hiroyuki -- Pesant, Stephane -- Speich, Sabrina -- Stemmann, Lars -- Sullivan, Matthew B -- Weissenbach, Jean -- Wincker, Patrick -- Karsenti, Eric -- Raes, Jeroen -- Acinas, Silvia G -- Bork, Peer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 22;348(6237):1261359. doi: 10.1126/science.1261359.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. sunagawa@embl.de karsenti@embl.de jeroen.raes@vib-kuleuven.be sacinas@icm.csic.es bork@embl.de. ; Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium. ; CEA-Institut de Genomique, GENOSCOPE, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, 91057 Evry, France. ; Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM)-CSIC, Pg. Maritim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona E08003, Spain. ; Sorbonne Universites, UPMC, Universite Paris 06, CNRS-IRD-MNHN, LOCEAN Laboratory, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris France. ; CNRS, UMR 7093, Laboratoire d'Oceanographie de Villefranche-sur-Mer, Observatoire Oceanologique, F-06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France. Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Universite Paris 06, UMR 7093, LOV, Observatoire Oceanologique, F-06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France. ; Ecole Normale Superieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), and Inserm U1024, and CNRS UMR 8197, F-75005 Paris, France. Laboratoire de Physique des Oceans UBO-IUEM, Place Copernic 29820 Plouzane, France. ; Aix Marseille Universite CNRS IGS UMR 7256, 13288 Marseille, France. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, 1007 East Lowell Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. ; Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM)-CSIC, Pg. Maritim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona E08003, Spain. Department of Hydrobiology, Federal University of Sao Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz, 13565-905 Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo, Brazil. ; Ecole Normale Superieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), and Inserm U1024, and CNRS UMR 8197, F-75005 Paris, France. CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Universite Paris 06, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. ; Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Directors' Research, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Ecole Normale Superieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), and Inserm U1024, and CNRS UMR 8197, F-75005 Paris, France. ; CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Universite Paris 06, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. ; CNRS UMR 7232, BIOM, Avenue du Fontaule, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France. Sorbonne Universites Paris 06, OOB UPMC, Avenue du Fontaule, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France. ; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy. ; CEA-Institut de Genomique, GENOSCOPE, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, 91057 Evry, France. CNRS, UMR 8030, CP5706, Evry, France. Universite d'Evry, UMR 8030, CP5706, Evry, France. ; Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-001, Japan. ; PANGAEA, Data Publisher for Earth and Environmental Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany. MARUM, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany. ; Department of Geosciences, Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique (LMD), Ecole Normale Superieure, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France. Laboratoire de Physique des Oceans UBO-IUEM, Place Copernic, 29820 Plouzane, France. ; Ecole Normale Superieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), and Inserm U1024, and CNRS UMR 8197, F-75005 Paris, France. Directors' Research, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. sunagawa@embl.de karsenti@embl.de jeroen.raes@vib-kuleuven.be sacinas@icm.csic.es bork@embl.de. ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium. sunagawa@embl.de karsenti@embl.de jeroen.raes@vib-kuleuven.be sacinas@icm.csic.es bork@embl.de. ; Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM)-CSIC, Pg. Maritim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona E08003, Spain. sunagawa@embl.de karsenti@embl.de jeroen.raes@vib-kuleuven.be sacinas@icm.csic.es bork@embl.de. ; Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Max-Delbruck-Centre for Molecular Medicine, 13092 Berlin, Germany. sunagawa@embl.de karsenti@embl.de jeroen.raes@vib-kuleuven.be sacinas@icm.csic.es bork@embl.de.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25999513" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Species interaction networks are shaped by abiotic and biotic factors. Here, as part of the Tara Oceans project, we studied the photic zone interactome using environmental factors and organismal abundance profiles and found that environmental factors are incomplete predictors of community structure. We found associations across plankton functional types and phylogenetic groups to be nonrandomly distributed on the network and driven by both local and global patterns. We identified interactions among grazers, primary producers, viruses, and (mainly parasitic) symbionts and validated network-generated hypotheses using microscopy to confirm symbiotic relationships. We have thus provided a resource to support further research on ocean food webs and integrating biological components into ocean models.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lima-Mendez, Gipsi -- Faust, Karoline -- Henry, Nicolas -- Decelle, Johan -- Colin, Sebastien -- Carcillo, Fabrizio -- Chaffron, Samuel -- Ignacio-Espinosa, J Cesar -- Roux, Simon -- Vincent, Flora -- Bittner, Lucie -- Darzi, Youssef -- Wang, Jun -- Audic, Stephane -- Berline, Leo -- Bontempi, Gianluca -- Cabello, Ana M -- Coppola, Laurent -- Cornejo-Castillo, Francisco M -- d'Ovidio, Francesco -- De Meester, Luc -- Ferrera, Isabel -- Garet-Delmas, Marie-Jose -- Guidi, Lionel -- Lara, Elena -- Pesant, Stephane -- Royo-Llonch, Marta -- Salazar, Guillem -- Sanchez, Pablo -- Sebastian, Marta -- Souffreau, Caroline -- Dimier, Celine -- Picheral, Marc -- Searson, Sarah -- Kandels-Lewis, Stefanie -- Tara Oceans coordinators -- Gorsky, Gabriel -- Not, Fabrice -- Ogata, Hiroyuki -- Speich, Sabrina -- Stemmann, Lars -- Weissenbach, Jean -- Wincker, Patrick -- Acinas, Silvia G -- Sunagawa, Shinichi -- Bork, Peer -- Sullivan, Matthew B -- Karsenti, Eric -- Bowler, Chris -- de Vargas, Colomban -- Raes, Jeroen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 22;348(6237):1262073. doi: 10.1126/science.1262073.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Department of Applied Biological Sciences (DBIT) Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium. ; Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS, UMR 7144, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Sorbonne Universites, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Universite Paris 06, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. ; Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS, UMR 7144, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Sorbonne Universites, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Universite Paris 06, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Ecole Normale Superieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Inserm U1024, CNRS UMR 8197, Paris, F-75005 France. ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Department of Applied Biological Sciences (DBIT) Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium. Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels (IB), ULB Machine Learning Group, Computer Science Department, Universite Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA. ; VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Ecole Normale Superieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Inserm U1024, CNRS UMR 8197, Paris, F-75005 France. ; Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS, UMR 7144, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Sorbonne Universites, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Universite Paris 06, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Ecole Normale Superieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Inserm U1024, CNRS UMR 8197, Paris, F-75005 France. Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS FR3631, F-75005, Paris, France. ; VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Department of Applied Biological Sciences (DBIT) Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium. ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. ; CNRS, UMR 7093, Laboratoire d'Oceanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire Oceanologique, F-06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France. Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Paris 06, UMR 7093, Laboratoire d'Oceanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire Oceanologique, F-06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France. ; Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels (IB), ULB Machine Learning Group, Computer Science Department, Universite Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium. ; Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Pg. Maritim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona E08003, Spain. ; Sorbonne Universites, UPMC, Universite Paris 06, CNRS-Institut pour la Recherche et le Developpement-Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratoire d'Oceanographie et du Climat: Experimentations et Approches Numeriques (LOCEAN) Laboratory, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France. ; KU Leuven, Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven. ; PANGAEA, Data Publisher for Earth and Environmental Science, University of Bremen, Hochschulring 18, 28359 Bremen, Germany. MARUM, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Hochschulring 18, 28359 Bremen, Germany. ; Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Directors' Research, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany. ; Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, 611-0011 Kyoto, Japan. ; Department of Geosciences, Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique (LMD), Ecole Normale Superieure, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France. Laboratoire de Physique des Ocean, Universite de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO)-Institut Universaire Europeen de la Mer (IUEM), Palce Copernic, 29820 Polouzane, France. ; Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Genoscope, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, 91000 Evry, France. CNRS, UMR 8030, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, 91000 Evry, France. Universite d'Evry, UMR 8030, CP5706 Evry, France. ; Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Max-Delbruck-Centre for Molecular Medicine, 13092 Berlin, Germany. ; Ecole Normale Superieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Inserm U1024, CNRS UMR 8197, Paris, F-75005 France. Directors' Research, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany. jeroen.raes@vib-kuleuven.be vargas@sb-roscoff.fr cbowler@biologie.ens.fr karsenti@embl.de. ; Ecole Normale Superieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Inserm U1024, CNRS UMR 8197, Paris, F-75005 France. jeroen.raes@vib-kuleuven.be vargas@sb-roscoff.fr cbowler@biologie.ens.fr karsenti@embl.de. ; Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS, UMR 7144, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. Sorbonne Universites, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Universite Paris 06, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France. jeroen.raes@vib-kuleuven.be vargas@sb-roscoff.fr cbowler@biologie.ens.fr karsenti@embl.de. ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Department of Applied Biological Sciences (DBIT) Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium. jeroen.raes@vib-kuleuven.be vargas@sb-roscoff.fr cbowler@biologie.ens.fr karsenti@embl.de.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25999517" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉