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  • 1
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    Thermoregulation is impaired in an environment without circadian time cues (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-02-17
    Description: Squirrel monkeys synchronized to a 24-hour light-dark cycle show a prominent circadian rhythm in body temperature which is regulated against mild environmental cold exposures throughout the 24-hour day. However, cold exposures produce significant decreases in core body temperature when the circadian rhythms of the animal are free-running in the absence of environmental time cues. Effective thermoregulation appears to require the precise internal synchronization of the circadian timekeeping system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fuller, C A -- Sulzman, F M -- Moore-Ede, M C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Feb 17;199(4330):794-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/414356" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Body Temperature Regulation ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Cold Temperature ; Cues ; *Environment ; Environmental Exposure ; Haplorhini ; Homeostasis ; Male ; Saimiri ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Neurospora circadian rhythms in space: a reexamination of the endogenous-exogenous question (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-07-13
    Description: To test the functioning of circadian rhythms removed from periodicities of the earth's 24-hour rotation, the conidiation rhythm of the fungus Neurospora crassa was monitored in constant darkness during spaceflight. The free-running period of the rhythm was the same in space as on the earth, but there was a marked reduction in the clarity of the rhythm, and apparent arrhythmicity in some tubes. At the current stage of analysis of our results there is insufficient evidence to determine whether the effect seen in space was related to removal from 24-hour periodicities and whether the circadian timekeeping mechanism, or merely its expression, was affected.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sulzman, F M -- Ellman, D -- Fuller, C A -- Moore-Ede, M C -- Wassmer, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jul 13;225:232-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York, Binghamton 13901, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11540800" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Clocks/physiology ; Circadian Rhythm/*physiology ; Darkness ; Neurospora crassa/growth & development/*physiology ; *Periodicity ; *Space Flight ; Spores, Fungal ; Temperature ; *Weightlessness
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Heavy Water Slows the Gonyaulax Clock: A Test of the Hypothesis That D2O Affects Circadian Oscillations by Diminishing the Apparent Temperature (1974)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 1974-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 4
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    The effects of moderately elevated ambient carbon dioxide levels on human physiology and performance: a joint NASA-ESA-DARA study--overview (1998)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: Aviation, space, and environmental medicine (ISSN 0095-6562); Volume 69; 3; 282-4
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  • 5
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    The effects of feedback lighting on the circadian drinking rhythm in the diurnal new world primate Saimiri sciureus (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Feedback lighting provides illumination primarily during the subjective night (i.e., the photosensitive portion of the circadian cycle) in response to a given behavior. This technique has previously been used to test the nonparametric model of entrainment in nocturnal rodents. In three species (Rattus norvegicus, Mesocricetus auratus, and Mus musculus), the free-running period of the locomotor activity rhythm was similar whether the animals were exposed to continuous light or discrete light pulses occurring essentially only during the subjective night (i.e., feedback lighting). In the current experiments, feedback lighting was presented to squirrel monkeys so that light fell predominantly during the subjective night. Feedback lighting was linked to the drinking behavior in this diurnal primate so that when the animal drank, the lights went out. Despite the seemingly adverse predicament, the monkeys maintained regular circadian drinking rhythms. Furthermore, just as the period of the free-running activity rhythms of nocturnal rodents exposed to continuous light or feedback lighting were similar, the period of the drinking rhythms of the squirrel monkeys in continuous light and feedback lighting were comparable (25.6 +/- 0.1 and 25.9 +/- 0.1 hours, respectively), despite a substantial decrease in the total amount of light exposure associated with feedback lighting. The free-running period of monkeys exposed to continuous dark (24.5 +/- 0.1 hours) was significantly shorter than either of the two lighting conditions (P 〈 0.001). The results presented for the drinking rhythm were confirmed by examination of the temperature and activity rhythms. Therefore, discrete light pulses given predominately during the subjective night are capable of simulating the effects of continuous light on the free-running period of the circadian rhythms of a diurnal primate. The response of squirrel monkeys to feedback lighting thus lends further support for the model and suggests that the major entrainment mechanisms are similar in nocturnal rodents and diurnal primates.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: American journal of primatology (ISSN 0275-2565); Volume 15; 2; 143-55
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  • 6
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    The Neurolab mission and biomedical engineering: a partnership for the future (1996)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Over the last five years, with the advent of flights of U.S. Shuttle/Spacelab missions dedicated entirely to life sciences research, the opportunities for conducting serious studies that use a fully outfitted space laboratory to better understand basic biological processes have increased. The last of this series of Shuttle/Spacelab missions, currently scheduled for 1998, is dedicated entirely to neuroscience and behavioral research. The mission, named Neurolab, includes a broad range of experiments that build on previous research efforts, as well as studies related to less mature areas of space neuroscience. The Neurolab mission provides the global scientific community with the opportunity to use the space environment for investigations that exploit microgravity to increase our understanding of basic processes in neuroscience. The results from this premier mission should lead to a significant advancement in the field as a whole and to the opening of new lines of investigation for future research. Experiments under development for this mission will utilize human subjects as well as a variety of other species. The capacity to carry out detailed experiments on both human and animal subjects in space allows a diverse complement of studies that investigate functional changes and their underlying molecular, cellular, and physiological mechanisms. In order to conduct these experiments, a wide array of biomedical instrumentation will be used, including some instruments and devices being developed especially for the mission.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: BME = Bio medical engineering / henshu, Nihon ME Gakkai (ISSN 0913-7556); Volume 10; 1; 11-25
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  • 7
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    Evaluation of the need for a large primate research facility in space (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: In the summer of 1983, an advisory committee was organized that would be able to evaluate NASA's current and future capabilities for nonhuman primate research in space. Individuals were chosen who had experience in four key research areas: cardiovascular physiology, vestibular neurophysiology, musculo-skeletal physiology, and fluid and electrolyte balance. Recommendations of the committee to NASA are discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE BIOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-179661 , NAS 1.26:179661
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Daily rhythms of activity and temperature of Macaca nemestrina (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The activity and temperature rhythms of pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) maintained in LD 16:8 at 25 C in specially designed restraint chairs have been examined. Activity was monitored via a sensor that was attached to the restraint chair. Temperature was monitored at the axilla, ankle and ear. All variables showed prominent day-night variations, and except for ankle temperature, had highest values during the daytime. These results show that the regulation of the daily rhythm of body temperature involves anatomical sites that are utilized in a temporally distinct fashion.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
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  • 9
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    Fluid and electrolyte homeostasis in space - A primate model to look at mechanisms (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: To elucidate the physiological mechanisms involved in the cardiovascular and renal responses to spaceflight, a ground-based primate model has been developed which uses lower body positive pressure (LBPP) to simulate the chronic central vascular expansion associated with weightlessnes. Four male squirrel monkeys with chronically implanted arterial and venous catheters and the capacity for continuous urine collection were subjected to LBPP for 4 days. Onset of LBPP resulted in an immediate diuresis, natriuresis and kaliuresis and a significant fall in plasma aldosterone and potassium levels. By day 2 the level of natriuresis had decreased by half, while potassium excretion and plasma aldosterone values had returned to control levels despite the persistence of a significantly reduced plasma potassium concentration. It is concluded that the low plasma potassium level appears not to stimulate a compensatory fall in plasma aldosterone because of the simultaneous presence of body volume contraction acting to raise aldosterone levels.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: SAE PAPER 820832
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  • 10
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    Neurospora circadian rhythms in space - A reexamination of the endogenous-exogenous question (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: To test the functioning of circadian rhythms removed from periodicities of the earth's 24-hour rotation, the conidiation rhythm of the fungus Neurospora crassa was monitored in constant darkness during spaceflight. The free-running period of the rhythm was the same in space as on the earth, but there was a marked reduction in the clarity of the rhythm, and apparent arrhythmicity in some tubes. At the current stage of analysis of the results there is insufficient evidence to determine whether the effect seen in space was related to removal from 24-hour periodicities and whether the circadian timekeeping mechanism, or merely its expression, was affected.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 225; 232-234
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