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  • 1
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    A morphologically specialized soldier caste improves colony defense in a neotropical eusocial bee [Evolution] (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-01-25
    Description: Division of labor among workers is common in insect societies and is thought to be important in their ecological success. In most species, division of labor is based on age (temporal castes), but workers in some ants and termites show morphological specialization for particular tasks (physical castes). Large-headed soldier ants and termites are well-known examples of this specialization. However, until now there has been no equivalent example of physical worker subcastes in social bees or wasps. Here we provide evidence for a physical soldier subcaste in a bee. In the neotropical stingless bee Tetragonisca angustula, nest defense is performed by two groups of guards, one hovering near the nest entrance and the other standing on the wax entrance tube. We show that both types of guards are 30% heavier than foragers and of different shape; foragers have relatively larger heads, whereas guards have larger legs. Low variation within each subcaste results in negligible size overlap between guards and foragers, further indicating that they are distinct physical castes. In addition, workers that remove garbage from the nest are of intermediate size, suggesting that they might represent another unrecognized caste. Guards or soldiers are reared in low but sufficient numbers (1–2% of emerging workers), considering that
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    Ancestral monogamy shows kin selection is key to the evolution of eusociality (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-31
    Description: Close relatedness has long been considered crucial to the evolution of eusociality. However, it has recently been suggested that close relatedness may be a consequence, rather than a cause, of eusociality. We tested this idea with a comparative analysis of female mating frequencies in 267 species of eusocial bees, wasps, and ants. We found that mating with a single male, which maximizes relatedness, is ancestral for all eight independent eusocial lineages that we investigated. Mating with multiple males is always derived. Furthermore, we found that high polyandry (〉2 effective mates) occurs only in lineages whose workers have lost reproductive totipotency. These results provide the first evidence that monogamy was critical in the evolution of eusociality, strongly supporting the prediction of inclusive fitness theory.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hughes, William O H -- Oldroyd, Benjamin P -- Beekman, Madeleine -- Ratnieks, Francis L W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 30;320(5880):1213-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1156108.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Integrative and Comparative Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. w.o.h.hughes@leeds.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18511689" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Altruism ; Animals ; Ants ; Bees ; *Biological Evolution ; Female ; Male ; Phylogeny ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; *Social Behavior ; Sociobiology ; Wasps
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Evolution. Policing insect societies (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-01-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ratnieks, Francis L W -- Wenseleers, Tom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 7;307(5706):54-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Apiculture & Social Insects, Department of Animal & Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15637260" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ants/*physiology ; Bees/*physiology ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Biological Evolution ; Female ; Male ; Oviposition ; Reproduction ; Social Behavior ; Wasps/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Only full-sibling families evolved eusociality (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-03-25
    Description: Arising from M. A. Nowak, C. E. Tarnita & E. O. Wilson 466, 1057-1062 (2010); Nowak et al. reply. The paper by Nowak et al. has the evolution of eusociality as its title, but it is mostly about something else. It argues against inclusive fitness theory and offers an alternative modelling approach that is claimed to be more fundamental and general, but which, we believe, has no practical biological meaning for the evolution of eusociality. Nowak et al. overlook the robust empirical observation that eusociality has only arisen in clades where mothers are associated with their full-sibling offspring; that is, in families where the average relatedness of offspring to siblings is as high as to their own offspring, independent of population structure or ploidy. We believe that this omission makes the paper largely irrelevant for understanding the evolution of eusociality.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boomsma, Jacobus J -- Beekman, Madeleine -- Cornwallis, Charlie K -- Griffin, Ashleigh S -- Holman, Luke -- Hughes, William O H -- Keller, Laurent -- Oldroyd, Benjamin P -- Ratnieks, Francis L W -- England -- Nature. 2011 Mar 24;471(7339):E4-5; author reply E9-10. doi: 10.1038/nature09832.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21430722" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Altruism ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Cooperative Behavior ; Female ; Game Theory ; Genetic Fitness ; Genetics, Population ; Male ; *Models, Biological ; Reproducibility of Results ; Reproduction/physiology ; Selection, Genetic ; Sex Ratio ; *Siblings
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 5
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    Ecology. Clarity on honey bee collapse? (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-01-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ratnieks, Francis L W -- Carreck, Norman L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 8;327(5962):152-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1185563.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Apiculture and Social Insects, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK. f.ratnieks@sussex.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20056879" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Beekeeping ; *Bees/microbiology/parasitology/physiology/virology ; *Colony Collapse/chemically induced/microbiology/parasitology/virology ; Crops, Agricultural ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Insect Viruses/isolation & purification/physiology ; Insecticides/toxicity ; Mites/physiology/virology ; Nosema/isolation & purification/pathogenicity ; Pollination ; Prunus
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A polygynous nest ofVespula pensylvanica from California with a discussion of possible factors influencing the evolution of polygyny inVespula (1996)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 43 (1996), S. 401-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Vespula pensylvanica ; polygyny ; Vespidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A thriving, polygynous, and probably overwintered colony of the western yellowjacket,Vespula pensylvanica, was collected on 2 November 1994 in Riverside, southern California, and examined in detail. The colony had 14 combs, of combined area 1.30 m2 containing 55,704 small and 10,266 large cells. There were 17 functional, physogastric queens, 70 newly emerged non-reproductive queens, 7300 adult workers, 685 adult males, and c. 17,600 capped cells containing pupae or fully-fed larvae. Dissections of 200 workers showed that none had well-developed ovaries. Hypotheses for the rarity of polygyny inVespula are put forward and evaluated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01258412
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Task partitioning in insect societies (1999)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 46 (1999), S. 95-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Key words: Task partitioning, foraging, task efficiency, task reliability, transfer.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary: Task partitioning is the name given to the phenomenon in which a piece of work is divided among two or more workers, such as the partitioning of the collection of a load of forage between a forager and a storer or transporter. This study 1) reviews empirical data concerning the occurrence of task partitioning in insect societies with the general aim of drawing broad conclusions about its prevalence and diversity, and 2) considers the potential costs and benefits of task partitioning. The data show that task partitioning occurs in many species, with examples in ants, bees, wasps, and termites. The general impression is that it is an important and widespread feature of work organisation in insect societies. Nearly all examples concern foraging. There is much variation on the main theme. For example, in the number of intersecting cycles (2, 3 linear, 3 all interlocking), where transfer occurs (at the nest, at the forage site, on the trail back to the nest), whether transfer is direct or indirect (liquids such as nectar, water, and honeydew are always transferred directly whereas solids are transferred both directly and indirectly). Task partitioning is always subject to time costs. Benefits occur either through enhancement of individual performance (e.g., where task partitioning permits greater division of labour thereby utilising consistent differences in worker abilities caused by morphology or experience) or through enhancement of the overall system (e.g., where partitioning itself eliminates a constraint affecting task performance, such as when a forager can collect sufficient material for several builders). By causing a series organisation of work, task partitioning reduces system reliability but this effect may be minimal in all but very small colonies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000400050119
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution of worker sterility in honey-bees (Apis mellifera): how anarchistic workers evade policing by laying eggs that have low removal rates (2000)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 47 (2000), S. 268-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Keywords: Key words Worker policing ; Laying workers ; Anarchy ; Apis mellifera ; Kin selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  In anarchistic honey-bee colonies, many workers’ sons are reared despite the presence of the queen. Worker-laid eggs are normally eaten by other workers in queenright colonies. Workers are thought to discriminate between queen-laid and worker-laid eggs by the presence or absence of a queen-produced egg-marking pheromone. This study compared the survival of three classes of eggs (worker-laid eggs from anarchistic colonies, worker-laid eggs from non-anarchistic queenless colonies, and queen-laid eggs) in both queenright normal colonies and queenright anarchistic colonies, in order to test the hypothesis that anarchistic workers evade policing by laying more acceptable eggs. As expected, few worker-laid eggs from non-anarchistic colonies survived more than 2 h. In contrast, worker-laid eggs from anarchistic colonies had much greater acceptability, which in some trials equalled the acceptability of queen-laid eggs. Anarchistic colonies were generally less discriminatory than normal queenright colonies towards worker-laid eggs, whether these originated from anarchistic colonies or normal queenless colonies. This indicates that the egg-removal aspect of the anarchistic syndrome involves both worker laying of eggs with greater acceptability and reduced discriminatory behaviour of policing workers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002650050665
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  • 9
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    Phase transition between disordered and ordered foraging in Pharaoh's ants (2001)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-08-07
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 10
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    A morphologically specialized soldier caste improves colony defense in a neotropical eusocial bee (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-01-09
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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