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  • 1
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    Anomalies of mantle-derived helium during the 1997-1998 seismic swarm of Umbria-Marche, Italy (2001)
    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Amsterdam, Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 839-842, pp. L12S09, (ISSN 0016-8548, ISBN 3-510-50045-8)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Seismicity ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earthquake precursor: chemical (Rn, water(-level,...) ; 1030 ; Geochemistry ; (new ; field, ; replaces ; rock ; chemistry) ; Geochemical ; cycles ; (0330) ; 7209 ; Seismology ; Earthquake ; dynamics ; and ; mechanics ; 8123 ; Tectonophysics ; Dynamics, ; seismotectonics ; GRL
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    Coseismic geochemical variations in some gas emissions of Umbria region (central Italy) (2000)
    In:  Physics Chem. Earth, Oxford and Edinburgh, Blackwell Scientific Publications, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 289-293, pp. 1484, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Earthquake precursor: chemical (Rn, water(-level,...) ; Earthquake
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 3
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    Gas seepage and seismogenic structures along the North Anatolian Fault in the eastern Sea of Marmara (2012)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-10-25
    Description: We carried out a combined geophysical and gas-geochemical survey on an active fault strand along the North Anatolian Fault (NAF) system in the Gulf of İzmit (eastern Sea of Marmara), providing for the first time in this area data on the distribution of methane (CH4) and other gases dissolved in the bottom seawater, as well as the CH4 isotopic composition. Based on high-resolution morphobathymetric data and chirp-sonar seismic reflection profiles we selected three areas with different tectonic features associated to the NAF system, where we performed visual and instrumental seafloor inspections, including in situ measurements of dissolved CH4, and sampling of the bottom water. Starting from background values of 2–10 nM, methane concentration in the bottom seawater increases abruptly up to 20 nM over the main NAF trace. CH4 concentration peaks up to ∼120 nM were detected above mounds related probably to gas and fluids expulsion. Methane is microbial (δ13CCH4: −67.3 and −76‰ versus VPDB), and was found mainly associated with pre-Holocene deposits topped by a 10–20 m thick draping of marine mud. The correlation between tectonic structures and gas-seepages at the seafloor suggests that the NAF in the Gulf of İzmit could represent a key site for long-term combined monitoring of fluid exhalations and seismicity to assess their potential as earthquake precursors.
    Electronic ISSN: 1525-2027
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 4
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    Submarine Hydrothermal Vents of the Aeolian Islands: Relationship Between Microbial Communities and Thermal Fluids (1999)
    Taylor & Francis
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0149-0451
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-0529
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Taylor & Francis
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Significance of earthquake-related anomalies in fluids of Val D’Agri (southern Italy) (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Terra nova 13 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3121
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Geochemical investigations carried out at the Campano–Lucano Apennine (Southern Italy) revealed the presence of fluids composed of a mixing between components of shallow and deep origin, where mantle-derived helium is also detectable. For the gas phase, the deep component is represented by both CH4 and CO2-rich gases, while the shallow one is N2-dominated. Coinciding with the 3 April 1996 ML=4.9 earthquake, the CH4-rich component mixed with the shallow, N2-dominated one at the Tramutola well (Val d’Agri), displaying wide variations in mixing proportions. In contrast, no significant modifications occurred in relation to the 1998 ML=5.5 event. According to the collected data, an earthquake-related transient modification of local crustal permeability is suggested for the 1996 event. The different crustal response to the two events may be related to different stress distributions around the epicentres or may suggest a different tectonic connection between the Val d’Agri and the two earthquake locations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3121.2001.00346.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Earthquake-induced chemical changes in the thermal waters of the Umbria region during the 1997–1998 seismic swarm (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Terra nova 13 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3121
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The compositional data collected at three thermal springs in the Umbria region over a sampling period lasting two and a half hydrological years included the entire seismic sequence striking the Central Apennines (Italy) in 1997–1998. Wide temporal variations in the chemical composition and temperature of thermal waters were observed at all the sampling sites. The widest were recorded at the Triponzo sampling site, where a temperature drop of 2 °C and 20 °C preceded, by 4 days and 2 days, respectively, the occurrence of the event characterized by the deepest hypocentre of the entire seismic sequence. Despite such a macroscopic preseismic anomaly, the recorded variations were not related to single seismic events or to the release rate of the seismic energy. They actually seem to have been induced by permeability variations related to crustal deformation in the absence of elastic energy release and were thus linked to the whole seismogenic process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3121.2001.00347.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas flux to the atmosphere from mud volcanoes in eastern Romania (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Terra nova 16 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3121
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Gas flux measurements have for the first time been taken from vents and soil of eastern Romania mud volcanoes, the largest geological structures in Europe releasing methane into the atmosphere. In the quiescent phase, the methane emission from single vents is up to 28 t yr−1. Diffuse soil microseepage is of the order of 102−105 mg m−2 day−1. A total output of at least 1200 tonnes of CH4 per year can be conservatively estimated over the area investigated alone (∼ 2.3 km2). Helium fluxes are up to five orders of magnitude higher than the average flux in a stable continental area, pointing to a close link between mud volcanoes and crustal degassing through faults crossing the deep hydrocarbon reservoirs. These data represent a key contribution towards refining global CH4-emission estimates, which indicate mud volcanoes as a significant and unavoidable source of greenhouse gases for the atmosphere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3121.2004.00542.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geothermal energy release at the Solfatara of Pozzuoli (Phlegraean Fields): Phreatic and phreatomagmatic explosion risk implications (1984)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 47 (1984), S. 275-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The H2O, CO2 and H2S outputs at the Solfatara of Pozzuoli have been measured and a map of the exhaling areas has also been made. The energy released at the surface by the fluids has been estimated to be 1019 ergs/day. The presence of aquifers at Phlegraean Fields increases the phreatic and phreatomagmatic explosion risk. Our results suggest that even if an uprising magma may interact with water at depth, an explosion could occur only at the shallow levels of a few hundred meters. Since the transfer of energy toward the surface is favoured by the presence of fractures, a detailed analysis of the deep fracture network would help to evaluate the risk levels of the various areas of Phlegraean Fields.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01961558
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Volcanic steam output directly measured in fumaroles: the observed variations at Vulcano Island, Italy, between 1983 and 1987 (1992)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 54 (1992), S. 623-630 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The mass of steam emitted by the fumaroles of the crater of Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy) was evaluated by using a direct measuring method. Measurements were effected with this method between 1983 and 1987 in nine field campaigns, the results of which are given in this paper. The steam flux measurements were performed by an instrument expressly designed for steam condensation. The estimates of the thermal energy transported daily by the steam gave values of up to 10E12 J. The sharp variations in the total mass outputs recorded in 1984 and 1985 are here interpreted as being a consequence of the probable accumulation of fluid pressure at depth, during the evolution of volcanic activity. The different results obtained from the various areas of the fumarolic field during the evolutionary phases have led to the hypothesis that different subsystems exist that feed the fumaroles, and that their activity is triggered by volcano-tectonics. This method can be applied in the evaluation of both fumarolic steam and thermal energy outputs, and therefore it is particularly useful in geothermal exploration, in the evaluation of the environmental impact of volcanic degassing, and in the forecasting of volcanic eruptions. The evaluation of the steam output is also useful for quantifying the release of other gaseous species and giving univocal interpretations regarding their variations in concentrations. Furthermore this direct method provides a new way of calibrating the flux estimates effected by other telemetric techniques (Lidar, Cospec, etc.).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430775
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  • 10
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    Inversion of gravity gradient tensor data: does it provide better resolution? (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-14
    Description: The gravity gradient tensor (GGT) has been increasingly used in practical applications, but the advantages and the disadvantages of the analysis of GGT components versus the analysis of the vertical component of the gravity field are still debated. We analyse the performance of joint inversion of GGT components versus separate inversion of the gravity field alone, or of one tensor component. We perform our analysis by inspection of the Picard Plot, a Singular Value Decomposition tool, and analyse both synthetic data and gradiometer measurements carried out at the Vredefort structure, South Africa. We show that the main factors controlling the reliability of the inversion are algebraic ambiguity (the difference between the number of unknowns and the number of available data points) and signal-to-noise ratio. Provided that algebraic ambiguity is kept low and the noise level is small enough so that a sufficient number of SVD components can be included in the regularized solution, we find that: (i) the choice of tensor components involved in the inversion is not crucial to the overall reliability of the reconstructions; (ii) GGT inversion can yield the same resolution as inversion with a denser distribution of gravity data points, but with the advantage of using fewer measurement stations.
    Keywords: Gravity, Geodesy and Tides
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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