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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The biology of the Norway goby, Pomatoschistus norvegicus (Collett), on the west coast of Scotland (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 19 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The biology of the small offshore goby, Pomatoschistus norvegicus (Collett), was studied on the west coast of Scotland over a period of 19 months. Catches were highest in April-June and lowest in August-September. Virtually all growth takes place in the first two summers, very little in those fish surviving to a third summer. The fish mature after their first winter and the breeding season lasts from March-July. Fecundity is linearly related to standard length and varies from approximately 1000–4000 eggs. Approximately 75% of fish survive their first breeding season but all die after their second. Males live slightly longer than females. The diet consists mainly of amphipods and small caridean decapods. The life history ofthe species is compared with other members ofthe genus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1981.tb03836.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The biology of the scaldfish, Arnoglossus laterna (Walbaum) on the west coast of Scotland. (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 17 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The biology of a Scottish population of the small bothid flatfish, Arnoglossus laterna, was studied from January 1975 until September 1976. The data were taken from monthly samples totalling over 500 fish trawled in 18–36 m on a soft mud bottom. Otoliths were used for age determination and a growth curve was constructed which showed that most growth occurs in the first 2–3 years of life. The maximum age recorded was 8+ years. The fish first mature sexually in their second year at a standard length of 6–7 cm and the short spawning season lasts from the late June to August. Fecundity is length-dependent and the relationship could be described by the regression equation: log fecundity = 3·3472 log standard length (mm) -2·1064. The diet consists mainly of decapod crustaceans (particularly crangonid shrimps), polychaetes, mysids and small fish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1980.tb02788.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relative profitability of particulate- and filter-feeding in the herring, Clupea harengus L. (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 40 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Analysis of laboratory video-recordings of herring feeding by biting and filtering on Calanus finmarchicus and three sizes of Artemia enabled the capture rates of the two methods to be estimated at different prey concentrations. At low concentrations the fish feed by selective capture of individual particles, but the capture rate achievable by this method is constrained by the maximum rate at which they can bite. Filter-feeding is not subject to this constraint because capture rate is directly proportional to prey concentration and above a critical prey concentration its capture rate exceeds that of biting. The possession of two feeding methods allows the fish to maximize prey intake over a wide range of concentrations and the phenomenon of switching between feeding methods can be explained by their relative profitabilities at different concentrations. The observation that less than 50% of fish are filtering when capture rates by the two methods are equal suggests that filtering is energetically more costly than biting. Estimates of the energy cost of filtering indicated that it may be from 1.4 to 4.6 times higher than that of biting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1992.tb02607.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aspects of the biology of the spotted dragonet Callionymus maculatus Rafmesque-Schmaltz from the west coast of Scotland (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 15 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The biology of a Scottish population of the spotted dragonet Callionymus maculatus was studied from February 1975 to September 1976. The data were taken from monthly samples totalling over 700 fish trawled in 18–36 m on a soft mud bottom. Neither otoliths nor radial bones were found to be suitable for age determination, but evidence from other sources suggested that most growth takes place in the first two years of life and that males grow faster, but do not live as long (at least 3 years) as females (at least 5 years). Examination of the gonads showed that the spawning season probably lasts from April to September, that females mature earlier in life than males and are serial spawners. The males may reach first maturity at different ages. The sexes are markedly dimorphic. The rays of the dorsal, anal and caudal fins grow isometrically in females but growth of these organs in males is allo-metric after maturity has been achieved. The fish feeds predominantly on polychaetes and amphipods, although bivalve molluscs, macruran decapods and ophiuroids also occur frequently in its diet. There is some difference in the diet between length classes, smaller fish taking fewer polychaetes and more amphipods than the larger individuals. The species is finally compared with other dragonets whose biology is known.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1979.tb03646.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Feeding relationships of a demersal fish assemblage on the west coast of Scotland (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 31 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The feeding relationships of an assemblage of demersal fishes present on a soft-sediment bottom off the west coast of Scotland in the late summer-autumn were investigated. On the basis of stomach content analyses of the fifteen commonest species, three major feeding types could be distinguished. The first consisted of small browsing species feeding predominantly on infaunal polychaetes. The second relied heavily on caridean decapods, but within this group three subgroups could be detected which supplemented their diet with amphipods, mysids or polychaetes, respectively. The third group fed on large prey consisting of mysids and/or fish. Several species passed from one group to another as they grew, and there was a general tendency for fish to become more specialized in their diet with increasing size. The three groups represent a series in which decreasing reliance is placed on the substratum as a source of food.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1987.tb05214.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The biology of a Scottish population of Fries' goby, Lesueurigobius friesii (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 12 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The biology of a Scottish population of the burrowing goby Lesueurigobius friesii was studied from February 1975 until October 1976. The fish lives at depths of 10–130 m on muddy grounds and attains a length of at least 94 mm and an age of 11 years, females generally living longer than males. Most growth takes place in the first three years of life after which it proceeds very slowly. Marked differences in year-class strength were found. Both sexes mature in their third year and the breeding season lasts from late May until August. Each female can spawn at least twice during this period and the eggs are laid on the roof and sides of the U-shaped burrows which the fish dig in the mud. Fecundity is length dependent and varies between approximately 3–11 000. The fish feeds predominantly on polychaetes, although small Crustacea and molluscs also feature commonly in its diet. No marked diurnal variation in the feeding pattern was noticed, although the amount of food in the stomachs was lowest in the early hours of the morning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1978.tb04181.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preliminary evaluation of the effects of long-term periodic sublethal exposure to hydrogen sulphide on the health of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of applied ichthyology 10 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0426
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Atlantic salmon smolts (Salmo salar L) were exposed to periodic (6 hourly) sub-lethal levels of hydrogen sulphide over 20 weeks. Histological examination of gill tissues showed that after an initial period (6 weeks), during which the condition of the gills deteriorated, there was a gradual recovery. By the end of the experiment (20 weeks) gill tissues appeared normal. Fish growth was not significantly affected except during the period of maximum gill damage (6–8 weeks) when there was a small but significant decrease in growth rate with respect to the control group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.1994.tb00178.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relationships between hydrodynamics, the concentration of hydrogen sulphide produced by polluted sediments and fish health at several marine cage farms in Scotland and Ireland (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of applied ichthyology 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0426
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Waste products from marine cage salmon farming can cause organic enrichment of the benthos in the immediate area of the farm with potentially deleterious consequences to fish health. The relationships between benthic enrichment and hydro-dynamic parameters - mean current speed, maximum current speed and incidence of low currents - were examined. Benthic impact was assessed on the basis of SCUBA diver observation and measurements of hydrogen sulphide in the water immediately (within 30 cm) overlying the sediment at slack water. Other factors such as maximum site biomass and the age of the site were also considered. At 7 of the 8 salmon farms studied there was a good correlation between mean current speed (r=−0.877) and incidence of low currents (r= 0.943) with log mean hydrogen sulphide concentration. The lack of correlation for the remaining site was thought to be due to a combination of high levels of terrigenous organic input to the site and overfeeding.The relationship between fish growth and mortality with hydrogen sulphide concentration was also examined. Good correlation between both fish growth (r=−0.819) and cumulative percentage mortality (r= 0.941), and log mean hydrogen sulphide concentration were found when the data from one exceptional site were excluded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.1996.tb00053.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of particle concentration on filter- and particulate-feeding in the herring Clupea harengus (1985)
    Springer
    Marine biology 88 (1985), S. 109-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Observations were made in the laboratory on the feeding behaviour of small shoals of captive juvenile herring (Clupea harengus) using Artemia sp. nauplii as food. The fish used two methods of feeding. The first, filter-feeding, was only used at concentrations exceeding approximately 50 nauplii l-1. Filter-feeding rapidly gave way to particulate-feeding (biting and gulping) as concentrations declined, and biting was the only method used when concentrations were 〈 50 nauplii l-1. There was a positive correlation between particle concentration and feeding acts of both types. Particle concentrations declined exponentially throughout experiments, indicating that a constant proportion was being removed during an experiment. This proportion was inversely related to the initial concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00397157
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relative importance of prey size and concentration in determining the feeding behaviour of the herringClupea harengus (1990)
    Springer
    Marine biology 107 (1990), S. 357-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The feeding behaviour ofClupea harengus L. in the light is dependent primarily on prey concentration. In the laboratory the fish feed by biting at low prey concentrations and by filtering at high concentrations. With the brine shrimpArtemia sp. as prey, the concentration required for the onset of filter-feeding was directly dependent on prey size, but the concentration at which 50% of feeding fish were filtering differed little between three sizes of brine shrimp (nauplii, and 2 and 4 mm larvae). When fed onCalanus finmarchicus, however, 50% of fish fed by filtering at concentrations at least six times lower than on any size of brine shrimp. Filter-feeding thresholds forC. finmarchicus were six to ten times lower than for any size ofArtemia sp. and, on the basis of biomass, approximately eight times lower than for equivalent sizedArtemia sp.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01319837
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