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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Fate of Elements in Residential Composters (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 34 (1998), S. 323-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. An investigation into the fate of elements during residential composting was conducted by studying an Envirocycle residential-type aerobic composter unit that was set up and operated at the University of Toronto's greenhouse facility. Source materials consisting of various fruits and vegetables were combined with Metropolitan Toronto Works Department's finished leaf compost (MWFLC), and composted over a 2-month period. Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) was used to determine the concentrations of Al, As, Ba, Ca, Co, Cr, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Sb, Sr, Ti, V, and Zn in the source materials and the 2-month greenhouse finished compost (GHFC). Results indicate that the ratio of final element mass to input element mass was approximately 1, suggesting that elements are conserved during the composting process. One tailed t tests (0.05 level of significance) on element concentrations between the MWFLC and GHFC revealed that supplementing MWFLC with fruits and vegetables does not significantly change concentrations 〉25%. One-way analyses of variances conducted on Toronto residential compost samples revealed good homogeneity within an individual composter, although significant elemental variances occurred between separate composters. Incidentally, it was noticed that several of the Toronto residential compost samples had Cr levels that exceeded Ontario Ministry of Environment and Energy guideline values for municipal compost.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449900325
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decrease in frequency of maximum far-infra-red power absorption of polar fluids with temperature (1986)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 8 (1986), S. 369-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Infra-red and Raman spectra and scattering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Si mostra come l'inerente non linearità delle equazioni di moto di dipoli accoppiati spiega qualitativamente un numero di comportamenti dello spettro osservato nel lontano infrarosso di fluidi polari. Questi includono il decremento quasi lineare della posizione del picco del coefficiente di assorbimento di potenza FIR con l'aumento della temperatura e l'indipendenza della temperatura dell'ampiezza di banda.
    Notes: Summary It is shown how the inherent nonlinearity of the equations of motion of coupled dipoles qualitatively explains a number of features of the observed far-infra-red spectrum of polar fluids. These include the almost linear increasing temperature and the temperature independence of the band width.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02450572
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DERIVATION OF THE LEHNERT FIELD EQUATIONS FROM GAUGE THEORY IN VACUUM: SPACE CHARGE AND CURRENT (2000)
    Springer
    Foundations of physics 13 (2000), S. 179-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9524
    Keywords: Lehnert vacuum charge currents ; gauge theory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract It is shown that the Lehnert field equations in vacuum, with concomitant space charge and current, can be derived straightforwardly from standard gauge theory applied in vacuum, using the concept of covariant derivative and Feynman's universal influence. The Lehnert and Proca field equations are shown to be inter-related through the well-known de Broglie theorem, in which the photon mass can be interpreted as finite. These ideas go some way towards addressing the inconsistency inherent in Maxwell's famous displacement current, which has no concomitant vacuum space charge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007883500760
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SU(2)×SU(2) ELECTROWEAK THEORY IN LEP 1 DATA ON Z PARTICLE PRODUCTION (2000)
    Springer
    Foundations of physics 13 (2000), S. 193-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9524
    Keywords: LEP 1 data ; SU(2)×SU(2) ; electroweak theory ; Z′ bosons ; GUTS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Recent data obtained by LEP1 are discussed and their potential implication for the existence of a Z′ particle. This letter advocates that this fits within the basic tenet of an SU(2)×SU(2) extended theory of the standard model of electroweak interactions. This extended electroweak model is motivated by nonabelian electrodynamics that provides an effective calculus for nonlinear optics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007887601668
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EFFECT OF VACUUM ENERGY ON THE ATOMIC SPECTRA (2000)
    Springer
    Foundations of physics 13 (2000), S. 289-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9524
    Keywords: energy inherent in the vacuum ; Higgs mechanism ; atomic spectra
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of vacuum energy on the spectrum of atomic H is investigated using a Schrödinger equation and Higgs mechanism. It is shown that the effect of the latter is to decrease the energy level of the ground state of the H atom emitting energy in the process. This mechanism has been observed empirically in recently reported reproducible and repeatable experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007856222141
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Operator Derivation of the Gauge-Invariant Proca and Lehnert Equations; Elimination of the Lorenz Condition (2000)
    Springer
    Foundations of physics 30 (2000), S. 1123-1129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9516
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Using covariant derivatives and the operator definitions of quantum mechanics, gauge invariant Proca and Lehnert equations are derived and the Lorenz condition is eliminated in U(1) invariant electrodynamics. It is shown that the structure of the gauge invariant Lehnert equation is the same in an O(3) invariant theory of electrodynamics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003608721569
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The air/water partitioning of radioiodine: An experimental assessment (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 124 (1988), S. 145-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract An understanding of radioiodine volatility is important in relation to nuclear reactor safety. In this paper, findings of an ongoing experimental assessment of radioiodine partitioning are described. Radiochemical methods of determining liquid and gas phase speciation are presented along with experimental results demonstrating the validity of these methods. These results also indicate that the majority of the gaseous organic iodides detected at TMI-2 following the accident were in a low molecular weight form such as methyl iodide. It is concluded that, for 10−4 M CsI solutions, the partition coefficient increases by an order of magnitude with increasing pH and, the aqueous and gaseous concentrations of both molecular iodine and organic iodide decrease with increasing pH over the pH range of 4 to 12.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02035513
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiochemical studies of iodine behaviour under conditions relevant to nuclear reactor accidents (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 161 (1992), S. 121-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Radiochemical methods are quite suitable for studying the behaviour of radioiodine under the dilute conditions relevant to nuclear reactor accidents. Species selective adsorbents are able to distinguish between various inorganic and organic gas-phase iodine species. A solvent extraction procedure for determining aqueous phase organic iodide, free iodine, I− and IO 3 − fractions has been investigated and found to be valuable, although large inaccuracies in the separation of I− and IO 3 − can occur for solutions of pH above 10. The extraction of potentially-volatile species in the aqueous phase gives a measure of iodine species volatility consistent with observed values of the partition coefficient. Indirect measurement suggest that the partition coefficient of HOI at room temperature exceeds 30,000.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02034886
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiochemical analysis of iodine behaviour in the radioiodine test facility (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 180 (1994), S. 225-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The environmental impact of many postulated CANDU (Canada Deuterium Uranium) reactor accidents depends on the behaviour of iodine isotopes. In recent years a substantial portion of Canadian iodine research has focused on experiments conducted in the intermediatescale Radioiodine Test Facility (RFT) at Whiteshell Laboratories. Because of the very low concentrations relevant to reactor accidents, much of the analysis of iodine behaviour has required the high sensitivity of a radiochemical methodology. Very low gas-phase iodine concentrations (〈10−10 mol/dm3) are routinely determined, up to several times an hour, using an automated airborne iodine sampler whereas various chemical forms are distinguished using selective adsorbents. Useful information regarding the chemical speciation of iodine in the aqueous phase is obtained using solvent extraction. This paper describes the radiochemical techniques used in RTF experiments, with examples of the results thereby obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02035910
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radioanalytical studies of iodine behaviour in the environment (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 192 (1995), S. 239-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The behaviour of iodine in the environment is of interest both in relation to radioecology and human nutrition. Radiochemical techniques were used to evaluate various aspects of the behaviour of iodine in the environment. The natural iodine content of plant, water and soil samples collected from three sites was determined using preconcentration neutron activation analysis (PNAA). The effect of initial chemical speciation on the distribution of iodine between various soils, sediments and waters was evaluated using I-131 tracer. Iodide was found to adsorb more extensively than iodate, although for most of the solid/water systems examined, a substantial portion of the iodate was slowly reduced to iodide. Experiments involving gamma irradiation suggest that much of the sorption of iodide and reduction of iodate involved microbial processes. Distribution coefficients measured using I-131 were comparable with values based on the natural I-127 content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02041727
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