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A preliminary carbon budget for a part of the Ems estuary: The Dollard (1977)

Es, F. B.

Springer

Helgoland marine research 30 (1977), S. 283-294

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ISSN: 1438-3888

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract During 1975, measurements were made to quantify all sources of input of organic matter in the Dollard. This made a comparison possible between in situ primary production, import from natural sources and organic waste discharges in terms of organic carbon. In order to make a carbon budget, mineralization and the amount of organic matter buried in the sediment was also measured. Input of organic carbon was mainly based on primary production on the tidal flats (measured in situ as O2 production, 9.3×106 kg C · year−1), accumulation of suspended matter originating from the North Sea and the River Ems (maximal 37.1×106 kg C · year−1) and discharge of heavily polluted water (33.0×106 kg C · year−1). Input from primary production in the water phase was negligibly low (0.7×106 kg C · year−1). Loss of organic carbon was due to mineralization in the sediment (measured in situ as oxygen consumption, 18.2×106 kg C · year−1), mineralization in the water phase (using the BOD technique, 7.2×106 kg C · year−1) and burying of organic matter in the sediment (9.9·106 kg C · year−1). The loss of dissolved organic matter to the adjacent Waddensea was not measured but must be considerable. Allochthonous detritus was the main source of energy for the food-webs in the Dollard. The role of bacteria as an important source of food for higher organisms in the Dollard is discussed.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02207842

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Community metabolism of intertidal flats in the Ems-Dollard estuary (1982)

Es, F. B.

Springer

Marine biology 66 (1982), S. 95-108

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ISSN: 1432-1793

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract To obtain an insight into the flux of carbon through intertidal sediments of the Ems-Dollard estuary, the annual cycles of gross benthic primary production and community respiration were measured at six stations, together with a set of environmental parameters. In a stepwise multiple regression analysis it was shown that temperature alone and temperature plus viable bacteria explained 50 and 70% respectively of the observed variation in community respiration. Other variables, including the rate of primary production and amount of organic carbon in the sediment were less important. The rate of primary production could not be fitted adequately into a multiple regression equation. The annual values of community respiration (177–794 gO2·m-2·yr-1) and primary production (82–628 gO2·m-2·yr-1) were within the range of published values. except for one station in the vicinity of a wastewater outfall, which had an extreme production (average 984 gO2·m-2·yr-1). At four stations, annual community respiration exceeded primary production by 40%. It is concluded that the main carbon flux within the sediment, from CO2 to benthic primary producers, to benthic consumers and from there to CO2 again,was completed within a month or so, leaving untouched the large bulk of organic matter within the sediment. Possible effects of wastewater discharges on community metabolism are discussed.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00397260

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Mineralization in the Ems-Dollard estuary effects on carbon and oxygen budgets (1977)

Es, F. B.

Springer

Aquatic ecology 11 (1977), S. 12-12

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ISSN: 1573-5125

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Summary The Ems estuary is a tidal system, showing typical estuaries characteristics, such as gradients of salinity and suspended matter in the water phase. The tidal amplitude is 2.5–3 m. Tidal flats cover 40% of the total area in the outer part and 75% in the innermost part of the estuary, the Dollard. In the sediment aerobic heterotrophic bacteria are concentrated in the upper 2 cm, the numbers rapidly decreasing with depth. Oxygen production and consumption rates in the sediment, and oxygen consumption in the water are measured, together with environmental parameters and numbers of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria. Using a conversion factor of 12/32, oxygen measurements are translated to organic carbon. Input of organic carbon from external sources (particulate carbon from the river Ems and the North Sea, and organic waste discharge) is calculated for the Dollard. An organic carbon budget for the Dollard, using these calculated figures from one year's measurements, showed that most of the organic carbon entering the systems, originated from external sources. Mineralization was quantitatively more important in the sediment than it was in the water phase. The calculated import and production of organic carbon in the system was larger than the calculated consumption. An explanation for this difference is probably the export of soluble organic carbon, which was not measured, to the adjoining Waddensea, which must be considerable. It was concluded that heterotrophic bacteria must play an important role in carbon fluxes in the Dollard and that studies of growth yield under in situ conditions are necessary for a better understanding of their role in the ecosystem.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02282204

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