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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1986-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0001-5970
    Electronic ISSN: 1619-6937
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A parametric approach to irregular fatigue protection is presented. The method proposed consists of two parts: empirical determination of certain characteristics of a material by means of a relatively small number of well-defined standard tests, and arithmetical application of the results obtained to arbitrary loading histories. The following groups of parameters are thus taken into account: (1) the variations of the mean stress, (2) the interaction of these variations and the superposed oscillating stresses, (3) the spectrum of the oscillating-stress amplitudes, and (4) the sequence of the oscillating-stress amplitudes. It is pointed out that only experimental verification can throw sufficient light upon possibilities and limitations of this (or any other) prediction method.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center Advanced Approaches to Fatigue Evaluation te; p 429-436
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rock mechanics and rock engineering 12 (1979), S. 15-46 
    ISSN: 1434-453X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mechanismen groβer Bergstürze Die Trümmerströme vieler großer Bergstürze zeigen eine bemerkenswerte Tendenz zum Verbleiben in mehr oder weniger undurchmischtem Verband. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird dieses Fehlen laminarer oder turbulenter Strömung auf Grund einer mathematischen Untersuchung erklärt. Die dabei resultierende hohe Energiedichte in der Nähe der Gleitflächen deutet auf Selbstschmierung durch transformiertes (geschmolzenes oder dissoziiertes) Gestein als entscheidenden tribologischen Mechanismus. Zwei wesentliche Tatsachen sprechen für diese Idee: das Versagen aller bisher vorgeschlagenen Mechanismen bei der Erklärung der beobachteten Bewegungsökonomie, speziell im Hinblick auf deren Steigerung in Funktion der Größe; und der rechnerisch ermittelte überraschend niedrige Energieanteil, der in größerer Entfernung von den Gleitflächen umgesetzt werden kann. Eine weitere Rechnung demonstriert zahlenmäßig die Plausibilität der Selbstschmierung sowohl für Urgesteine wie für Kalke. Die Entwicklung brauchbarer Vorhersage-Algorithmen rückt damit in den Bereich des Möglichen.
    Abstract: Résumé Les mécanismes de gros éboulements Les composantes de gros éboulements montrent une tendance remarquable à se déplacer dans un ordre plus ou moins invariable. L'étude explique mathématiquement cette absence d'écoulements laminaire ou turbulant. La haute concentration d'énergie aux environs immédiats des surfaces de glissement implique la possibilité d'une auto-lubrification par le rocher métamorphosé (soit fondu, soit dissocié) en tant que mécanisme tribologique fondamental. Deux faits importants appuient cette hypothèse: d'une part l'impossibilité jusqu'à maintenant d'expliquer l'économie d'énergie observée (et spécialement en corrélation avec la grandeur de l'évènement) par un mécanisme quelconque; d'autre part la fraction d'énergie déterminée par calcul, étonnament basse, susceptible d'être métamorphosée à grande distance des surfaces de glissement. En outre le calcul démontre la possibilité du mécanisme d'auto-lubrification pour les plus importants types de rochers (primitifs et sédimentaires). Le développement futur d'algorithmes de prédiction utilisables entre de ce fait dans le domaine du possible.
    Notes: Summary Mechanisms of Large Landslides The moving components of many large landslides show a remarkable tendency to remain in more or less undisturbed sequential order. In the present study this lack of laminar or turbulent flow is mathematically analyzed and explained. The high energy concentration thus resulting for the zone near the gliding surfaces points to self-lubrication by transformed (fused or dissociated) rock as a fundamental tribological mechanism. The idea is backed by two important facts: the impossibility to explain the observed economy of locomotion (and especially its increase with size) by any of the mechanisms considered hitherto; and a calculation yielding an unexpectedly low amount of energy susceptible to be dissipated far away from the gliding surfaces. Further analysis demonstrates numerically the plausibility of the self-lubrication concept both for primitive and carbonate rock. The development of useful prediction algorithms is not impossible in the future.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Materials and structures 18 (1985), S. 279-283 
    ISSN: 1359-5997
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract For many years, the testing of heavy steel cables has been an important task of the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing (EMPA). In addition to the routine investigation of small and medium sized cables (as employed for cable cars), it is often necessary to test very heavy specimens having extremely high strengths. Since the machines available up to 1960 could produce a maximum force of only 1 MN, which did not suffice, efforts were made to develop a stronger testing machine. After a period of improvised solutions, a fundamentally new concept was introduced. The testing machine “ELS” (=Experiments with Long Specimens), developed and built at EMPA, has successfully accomplished its trial tests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Materials and structures 19 (1986), S. 72-73 
    ISSN: 1359-5997
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta mechanica 64 (1986), S. 101-110 
    ISSN: 1619-6937
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary According to the combined effects of various parameters the displacement of large masses by gravitation may assume different forms, each characterized by certain basic mechanisms. The present state of knowledge does not allow an exhaustive description of the conditions under which flowing, rolling, bouncing or sliding may be expected. This is one of the reasons for the obvious lack of accuracy in predicting the range threatened by an impending event. Catastrophes like those of Longarone and Yungay show the importance of sufficiently wellfounded mathematical models. Such models have to be based on the fact that from all possible mechanisms the one with the smallest energy consumption has normally the best chance of being automatically selected. In the course of the last decade, however, certain improvements have been obtained for the case of large landslides. In particular it could be shown that voluminous masses of rock are displaced in first instance by gliding and that self-lubrication effects are at least very probable. These effects are fundamentally different for primitive rock and carbonate, but in both cases they are due to frictional heat. The lubricant is fused material for primitive rock and a cushion of carbonic acid for carbonate. The results are backed both by field evidence and experimental simulation. In particular, an explanation is given for the hitherto enigmatic size effect (economy improving in function of volume).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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