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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fast radiochromatographic detection of tritium with "liquid" scintillators at low temperatures (1970)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 42 (1970), S. 156-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac60284a016
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Root Formation in Pea Cuttings III. (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 30 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Cuttings were either decapitated or both decapitated and disbudded at different time intervals. Cytokinin, at different concentrations, was applied to the cuttings in lanoline.Higher concentrations of cytokinin inhibited root initiation during the early stage. However, the inhibitory effect of cytokinin disappeared during the later stage of root initiation.Lower concentrations of cytokinin promoted the root initiation during the early stage. This effect was observed on cuttings which were only decapitated.These results seem to indicate that the influence of cytokinin changes with the stage of development.There seems to be an interaction between cytokinin and one or more other growth factors. A possible reason for this may be that cytokinin, in higher concentrations, produces inhibitory effects during the early part of root initiation by blocking the activity of auxin. The loss of the inhibitory effect of cytokinin during the later part of the initiation phase suggests that, at this stage, developing root primordia are capable of controlling the level of active cytokinin and thus do not react to the exogenous application of cytokinin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1974.tb05011.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A dust-filled Kantowski-Sachs universe with Λ#62;0
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters A 121 (1987), S. 217-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0375-9601
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0375-9601(87)90006-5
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of extractable carbohydrates in Pisum sativum. I. Carbohydrate and nitrogen content in pea plants and cuttings grown at two different irradiances (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 55 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: When pea plants (Pisum sativum L. cv. Alaska) were grown in controlled environment rooms, a stock plant irradiance of 38 W m-2 decreased the rooting ability of the cuttings compared to 16 W m-2. Also the origin of the seeds was of importance. The experiments were done in 1976 (1975 seed lot) and 1979/80 (1978 seed lot). At 38 W m-2 the 1975 seed lot produced 7.2 roots, whereas the 1978 seeds produced 20.7 roots per cutting. The content of fructose, glucose, inositol and sucrose was determined from an ethanol extract, and extractable starch from a perchloric acid extract. The irradiance treatment regulated the carbohydrate content of the plants at the time they were made into cuttings. Cuttings from 16 or 38 W m-2 contained initially 6.8 and 8.5% carbohydrate, on a dry weight basis respectively. If the plants were not excised to cuttings, a stable level of carbohydrates was maintained throughout the growing period, whereas in the cuttings, the carbohydrate content increased five fold during the rooting period. The content of extractable carbohydrates did not show any correlation to the root initiation process, but might be of importance for the further growth of the new roots. The C/N-ratio of the plants at the time they were made into cuttings reflected the pre-growth condition and was not related to the rooting ability of the cuttings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1982.tb02281.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Root Formation in Pea Cuttings (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 30 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Cuttings were either decapitated or both decapitated and disbudded at different time intervals. Auxin, at different concentrations, was applied to the cuttings in lanoline.Auxin applied to decapitated and disbudded cuttings promoted root formation in the early stage of the initiation phase.Auxin treated cuttings, which were only decapitated, did not show an increase in number of roots per cutting. However, an increase in the root mass was found in the early stage of the initiation phase.The results seem to indicate that auxin is active only in the first part of the initiation phase. It is acting alone, not together with other substances synthesized in the shoot meristem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1974.tb05010.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Root Formation in Pea Cuttings (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 32 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Auxin was applied to the upper part of the cuttings, which were both decapitated and disbudded on the same day. The applied auxin was removed by redecapitating the cuttings at different time intervals. In a second experiment, auxin was applied either to the upper or lower part of the decapitated and disbudded cuttings at different time intervals.In cuttings, which were redecapitated after 1 and 2 days, the root formation was reduced considerably. The redecapitation after 3 days had no adverse effect on the root formation. Cuttings treated with auxin at different time intervals showed a weaker root promotion on days 0 and 1 than on the subsequent days.The results emphasize the fact that auxin is active only during the first part of the root initiation phase. A continuous flow of auxin for a period of the first 3 days during the root initiation is of overriding importance. There appears to be at least two different stages of the root initiation phase, (ia) auxin active stage, and (ib) auxin inactive stage. The results also seem to indicate that some other factors, in addition to auxin, are active during the first stage of the root initiation phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1974.tb03733.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Root Formation in Pea Cuttings (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 28 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The importance of the active shoot meristems for root formation in cuttings has been investigated through disbudding, decapitation or both disbudding and decapitation of pea cuttings at different time intervals after the removal of the cutting.Decapitation and disbudding within the first 4 days after cutting drastically reduce both the number of rooted cuttings and the number of roots per cutting. Treatment 5 to 6 days after cutting has little or no effect on the root formation or the number of roots per cutting.Redaction in rooting is explained by the removal of the production center(s) for the growth promoters which are necessary for root formation. It is deduced from the results obtained that the initiation phase in pea cuttings is about four days.The author is much indebted to the Department of Plant Physiology of the Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Copenhagen, for permission to use its growth chambers during the present investigations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1973.tb08597.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth hormone stimulates proliferation and differentiation of normal human osteoblast-like cells in vitro (1993)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 52 (1993), S. 222-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Growth hormone ; Osteoblast ; Growth factors ; Osteoporosis ; Bone cell cultures ; Bone formation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary In this study we investigated the direct, shortterm effects of human growth hormone (hGH) on the biology of normal adult human osteoblast-like (hOB) cells cultured from trabecular bone explants. In Subconfluent cultures, hGH stimulated hOB proliferation in a dose-dependent fashion (P〈0.001, n=15) with half-maximal effects at a concentration of 10 ng/ml. These mitogenic effects were detectable within 24 hours as shown by bromodeoxyuridine labeling. In confluent cultures containing mainly quiescent cells, hGH increased levels of alkaline phosphatase (P〈0.05, n=10) and to a lesser degree levels of procollagen type I carboxyterminal propeptide (PICP) (P=0.07, n=9). Effects on osteocalcin (bone GLa protein, BGP) levels were highly variable among different cell strains and only 7 of 10 cell strains showed a stimulatory response (P=0.16). We also studied the effects of hGH on osteoblastic production of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF-II as well as the production of GH-dependent, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3). Under basal conditions, human osteoblasts produced IGF-II and IGFBP-3 in the conditioned medium. When stimulated with hGH, minor insignificant increase in both IGF-II and IGFBP-3 (125% and 126% of control, respectively) were detectable. No IGF-I was detectable in the conditioned medium under basal conditions or after stimulation with hGH. In conclusion, the results obtained in this study suggest that GH exerts direct anabolic effects on human osteoblasts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298723
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hypovitaminosis D Myopathy Without Biochemical Signs of Osteomalacic Bone Involvement (2000)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 66 (2000), S. 419-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Myopathy — Vitamin D — Osteomalaci — Alkaline phosphatase — Hypovitaminosis D myopathy.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The aims of this study were to investigate myopathy in relation to vitamin D status, and to study the muscular effects of vitamin D treatment on vitamin D-deficient individuals. Further, hypovitaminosis D myopathy was investigated in relation to alkaline phosphatase (ALP), the most commonly used marker for hypovitaminosis D osteopathy. Eight patients with osteomalacia had an isokinetic dynamometer test of all major muscle groups before and after 3 months of vitamin D treatment. The most pronounced improvements in muscle power were seen in the weight-bearing antigravity muscles of the lower limbs. A cross-sectional study was performed among 55 vitamin D-deficient veiled Arab women living in Denmark and 22 Danish controls. An isometric dynamometer model was used for determination of quadriceps muscle power. Both maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and electrically stimulated values (single twitch, maximal production rate (MPR), and maximal relaxation rate (MRR)) were determined. The women underwent high-dose vitamin D treatment and were retested after 3 and 6 months. Prior to vitamin D treatment all parameters of muscle function in the group of vitamin D-deficient Arab women were significantly reduced compared with Danish controls. MVC: 259.4 ± 11.0 N (Newton) versus 392.6 ± 11.4 N (P 〈 10−6), single twitch: 47.0 ± 1.8 N versus 74.6 ± 2.2 N (P 〈 10−5), MPR 8.9 ± 0.3 N/10 ms versus 14.3 ± 0.4 N/10 ms (P 〈 10−6), MRR 4.5 ± 0.2 N/10 ms versus 6.2 ± 0.2 N/10 ms (P 〈 10−6). Muscle function was affected to a similar degree in women with and without bone involvement (as indicated by elevated ALP). After 3 months of vitamin D treatment all muscle-related parameters improved significantly. After 6 months only MVC was reduced compared with Danish controls (320.7 ± 14.3 N (P 〈 0.02)), whereas all other measurements were normalized. Hypovitaminosis D myopathy is a prominent symptom of vitamin D deficiency, and severely impaired muscle function may be present even before biochemical signs of bone disease develop. Full normalization of hypovitaminosis D myopathy demands high-dose vitamin D treatment for 6 months or more. Our findings indicate that serum levels of ALP cannot be used in the screening for hypovitaminosis D myopathy. Assessment of s-25OHD is the only reliable test.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002230010085
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of bone formation by biochemical markers in metabolic bone disease: Separation between osteoblastic activity at the cell and tissue level (1992)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 51 (1992), S. 406-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary In this study, serum levels of classical serum markers of bone formation [carboxyterminal propeptide of procollagen type I (S-PICP), bone Gla protein (S-BGP)], and total alkaline phosphatase (S-AP)) were related to the calcium kinetic index of whole skeletal mineralization rate (m) by regression analysis in a variety of metabolic bone diseases. For each disease, the regression coefficient (r) as well as the fraction: standard error of estimate/mean dependent variable (SEE/Y) were determined. In a group of 19 normals, only the regression of S-PICP on m reached significance (r=0,53, P〈0.02, SEE/Y=0.44), whereas regressions of S-AP and S-BGP on m were nonsignificant. In a pooled material of high-and low-turnover bone diseases without mineralization defects or spinal fracture [myxedema, thyrotoxicosis, and primary hyperparathyroidism (n=48)], a highly significant positive regression of S-PICP on m was demonstrable (r=0.50, SEE/Y=0.63, P〈0.001). The regression coefficients obtained for S-BGP and S-AP were 0.74 (P〈0.001, SEE/Y=0.41) and 0.42 (P〈0.01, SEE/Y=0.55), respectively. When analyzing individual diseases in this group, significant differences among the three markers were detectable. In a group of 52 osteoporotics, S-PICP correlated significantly to m (r=0.49, P〈0.001, SEE/Y=0.50). Corresponding r-values for S-BGP and S-AP were 0.21 (NS) and 0.48 (P〈0.001, SEE/Y=0.61), respectively. Patients with histologically proven osteomalacia revealed no correlation between S-PICP and m. S-BGP and S-AP were, however. significantly correlated to m [r=0.92 (SEE/Y=0.46) and r=0.82 (SEE/Y=0.57), respectively], indicating that S-BGP and S-AP reflect mineralization activity, whereas S-PICP reflects matrix formation only. In order to study cellular production of the three formative markers, organ level production rate was normalized for bone turnover by division with m. For each marker, the fraction (bone marker concentration/m) was calculated and the means compared with normal controls. S-PICP/m was found to be lower than normal in primary hyperparathyroidism (P〈0.01) and thyrotoxicosis (P〈0.001). S-AP/m was elevated in myxedema (P〈0.05), osteoporosis (P〈0.001), and osteomalacia (P〈0.01). S-BGP/m only deviated significantly from normal in osteomalacia (P〈0.001). In conclusion, we found S-BGP to be a reliable marker of organ level mineralization rate in all diseases studied, whereas the regressions of S-AP and S-PICP revealed disease-specific discrepancies. This study also revealed significant alterations in the osteoblastic production rate of the three formative markers at the level of individual osteoblasts that have to be taken into account when comparing bone marker concentrations with other indices reflecting bone formation (e.g., calcium kinetics and histomorphometry).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296671
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