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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Economic Implications of Purfication of Glucose Isomerase prior to Immobilization (1977)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial and engineering chemistry 16 (1977), S. 309-313 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/i260063a011
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of Polysaccharide Carriers for Immobilized Glucoamylase Reactors (1978)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial and engineering chemistry 17 (1978), S. 401-405 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/i260068a004
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth of Cephalotaxus harringtonia plant-cell cultures (1991)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 34 (1991), S. 798-803 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Cell cultures of Cephalotaxus harringtonia were examined to characterize growth kinetics. The requirement for an undefined medium supplement (coconut water) was eliminated by maintaining high cell concentrations in semicontinuous and batch growth. Sucrose fed to batch-cultured cells was completely hydrolyzed and a diauxic growth pattern was observed corresponding to first glucose and then fructose uptake. Examination of increases in cell concentrations on the basis of fresh and dry weight showed that a substantial lag period existed between the initiation of substrate uptake and increases in cell volume. Specific growth rates were highest during periods of glucose uptake, but cell yields were comparable for the two sugars. In contrast, studies with glucose or fructose as the sole carbon source indicated that cell yields were significantly lower with fructose but specific growth rates were comparable for the two sugars.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00169353
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Approximation of continuous fermentation by semicontinuous cultures (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 35 (1990), S. 437-453 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Semicontinuous fermentations, in which a fraction of a culture is replaced with fresh media at regular intervals, have been previously used as a means of approximating continuous growth. In most cases deviations from continuous operation were erroneously estimated using Fencl's model, which is only valid when the specific growth rate is independent of the substrate concentration. An approach to modeling Semicontinuous growth that incorporates the same kinetics followed in batch and continuous growth was developed and tested for Monod's expression for the specific growth rate. A dimensionless form of the model was used to simulate Semicontinuous fermentations for comparison to continuous growth. Differences between Semicontinuous and continuous growth were found to depend on three dimensionless variables: feed concentration, replacement rate, and time between replacements. For given values of the dimensionless feed concentration and time between replacements, a range of dimensionless replacement rates can be determined over which semi-continuous cultures are approximately continuous.
    Additional Material: 23 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260350502
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling linear and variable growth in phosphate limited suspension cultures of Opium poppy (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 38 (1991), S. 371-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: plant tissue culture ; Papaver somniferum ; linear growth ; phosphate limitation ; modeling ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In examining the growth kinetics of cell suspensions of opium poppy (Papaver somniferum), the increase in biomass with time was observed to be linear over the entire batch growth period of up to 20 days. Although batch growth profiles were reproducible utilizing the same inoculum, growth rates varied tremendously when experiments were inoculated with cells from different flasks. Both of these phenomena are difficult to explain with conventional batch growth models. In a series of a experiments, phosphate was determined to be the growth-rate-limiting substrate. By expressing growth rate in terms of the intracellular reserves of phosphorus, a growth model which expresses kinetics in terms of the intracellular phosphorus contents of the cells is shown to predict both linear growth character and inoculum dependent variability in growth. The stationary phase phosphate content of seven plant suspension cultures of different plant species was found to be comparable to phosphorus levels of phosphate-starved poppy cells, which suggests that phosphate limitation may be common for plant tissue culture. The applicability of this model to other biological systems which display similar batch growth patterns when subjected to inorganic nutrient deprivation is discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260380407
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of sand as a support for immobilized enzymes (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 18 (1976), S. 527-543 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The potential of sand as a support for immobilized enzymes was investigated by preparing alkylamine sand and devising methods to measure the total number of amine groups present and the fraction available for immobilization of enzymes. Alcohol dehydrogenase (alcohol:NAD oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.1) and lactate dehydrogenase (L-lactate: NAD oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.27) were immobilized on alkylamine sand, and the stability of the immobilized protein and dehydrogenase activity was measured. Urease (urea amidohyrdrolase, EC 3.5.1.5) was also immobilized on sand to test the applicability of these methods to larger scale immobilizations. Results suggest that sand shows promise as a support for immobilized enzymes.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260180407
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proteolytic denaturation and methods of improving the stability of glucose isomerase preparations (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 21 (1979), S. 1345-1359 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Evidence is provided in support of proteolytic denaturation of free and immobilized preparations of glucose isomerase from a Bacillus species. A number of methods to improve the stability with respect to proteolysis have been tested and their advantages as well as shortcomings are discussed. These methods include hollow-fiber treatment, gel permeation, thermal treatment, and addition of protease inhibitors. The half-life of the free and the cellulose acetate fiber-entrapped preparations of glucose isomerase can be significantly improved. For example, the hollow-fiber treatment can improve the half-life by an order of magnitude.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260210804
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass transfer parameters in an immobilized glucoamylase column by pulse response analysis (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1773-1779 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Pulses of several nonreacting solutes were fed to a column containing immobilized enzyme catalyst beads. The response curves were recorded, and their first and second moments were determined by numerical integration. From the moment analysis, the void volume, internal porosity, and tortuosity of the support were calculated.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250707
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Approximation of continuous growth of Cephalotaxus harringtonia plant cell cultures using fed-batch operation (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 38 (1991), S. 241-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: fed-batch operation ; continuous approximation ; growth kinetics ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In Cephalotaxus harringtonia plant cell cultures, periods of batch growth that are limited by hexose uptake are too short to make an accurate estimate of the Monod saturation constant. Continuous cultures are infeasible on a laboratory scale, and semicontinuous cultures require too frequent sampling. Fed-batch operation, consisting of intermittent removal from a culture that is fed continuously, was investigated as a possible solution to these problems. For a constant feed rate, computer simulations showed that a steady state can be achieved which is useful for studying growth at different specific growth rates. In terms of the dilution rate it was confirmed that the operation is essentially equivalent to continuous culture when the samples represent a small fraction of the total culture volume. Experiments with glucose or fructose as the carbon source were carried out in shake flasks fed by a multichannel syringe pump. Results indicate that Monod kinetics based on medium glucose levels cannot adequately describe growth under these conditions. Monod's expression for specific growth rate using internal glucose concentration gives an improved correlation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260380305
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plant cell suspension culture rheology (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 42 (1993), S. 520-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: viscosity correlation ; morphology effects ; aggregate effects ; poppy cultures ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The results of rheological measurements on 10 different plant cell suspension cultures are presented. Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) suspension cultures grown in serial batch subculture display high viscosity and power law rheology. This “undesirable” rheology is shown to be a result of elongated cell morphology. The rheology of Papaver somniferum (poppy) cell suspensions is quite different; poppy suspensions behave as Newtonian fluids and have relatively low viscosity (less than 15 cP) at fresh cell densities up to 250 g/L. This flow behavior can be attributed to a lack of elongation in batch-grown poppy cells. A simple correlation for the viscosity as a function of cell density is developed for poppy suspensions up to 300 g fresh weight (FW)/L. It is shown that tobacco cells do not elongate when grown in semicontinuous culture (daily media replacement). These semicontinuously cultured cells have rheological behavior that is indistinguishable from that of poppy, further confirming the dependence of rheology on plant cell morphology. The rheology of a wide variety of other plant suspensions at 200 g FW/L is presented. Most cell suspensions, including soybean, cotton, bindweed, and potato, display low viscosities similar to poppy suspensions. Only carrot and atriplex exhibit slight pseudoplastic behavior which corresponded to a slight degree of cellular elongation for these cultures. This demonstrates that complex rheology associated with elongated cell morphology is much less common than low-viscosity Newtonian behavior. High viscosity in plant cell culture is therefore not an intrinsic characteristic of plant cells but, instead, is a result of the ability to grow cultures to extremely high cell densities due to low biological oxygen demand. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260420416
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