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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathogenic fungal dynamics in a fall population of the blackmargined aphid (Monellia caryella) (1990)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 57 (1990), S. 29-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Monellia caryella ; Neozygites ; Entomophthora planchoniana ; Erynia ; Carya ; environmental conditions ; leaf wetness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La mortalité quotidienne provoquée par des parasitoïdes et des champignons sur une population automnale de M. caryella Fitch (Homopt. Aphididae) a été suivie à Byron (Géorgie, USA), avec enregistrement de la température, de la pluie et de l'humidité des feuilles. 3 espèces de champignons entomophthorales ont été trouvées: Neozygites sp., Entomophthora planchoniana et Erynia sp. 54% des pucerons morts étaient contaminés par Neozygites et 46% par E. planchoniana. Seuls 2 pucerons avaient été tués par Erynia sp. Les taux de mortalité quotidienne par champignons s'élevaient après les périodes pluvieuses et d'humidité des feuilles. La mortalité due au parasitisme était inférieure à la mortalité due aux champignons et ne semblait pas liée aux conditions écologiques. La discussion porte sur l'importance de la mortalité provoquée par les champignons sur la dynamique de la population de pucerons.
    Notes: Abstract A fall population of the blackmargined aphid, Monellia caryella (Fitch) (Homoptera: Aphididae), was monitored daily for mortality caused by fungi and parasitoids. Three species of Entomophthorales fungi were found. Fungal-induced mortality was found to be correlated with minimum temperature. During the period when the minimum temperature was consistently above 8°C, fungal-induced mortality was positively correlated with the sum of hours of leaf-wetness on days 5, 6, and 7 before sampling. Parasitoid wasps killed fewer hosts than fungi and were not affected by environmental factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349593
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of oviposition behaviour of the pollen beetle, Meligethes aeneus on four different host plants (1996)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 81 (1996), S. 277-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: host-plant choice ; Brassica napus ; B. juncea ; B. nigra ; Sinapis alba
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Oviposition behaviour of Meligethes aeneus F. (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) is characterised and quantified on four different plant species. Six behavioural components are identified: W—walking, WA—walking with abdomen on surface, R—resting, B—biting, AOH—placing abdomen over the bite hole and OVI—oviposition. Comparison of host acceptance behaviours on Brassica napus L., Brassica juncea (L.) Czern, Brassica nigra (L.) Koch and Sinapis alba L. showed that S. alba was accepted as a host only after a long exposure to the plant. Behaviour on the Brassica species was similar, however on B. nigra beetles spent a high proportion of time actually ovipositing. We conclude that important cues for oviposition are located both on the bud surface and inside the bud.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00187036
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pollen beetle (Meligethes aeneus) oviposition and feeding preference on different host plant species (1996)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 78 (1996), S. 291-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Meligethes aeneus ; oviposition ; feeding damage ; host plant preference ; oilseed crops
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The oviposition and feeding preferences of the pollen beetle, Meligethes aeneus, were determined in choice and no-choice tests in field, semi-field and greenhouse trials. Plant species used were Brassica napus, B. campestris, B. juncea, B. nigra, B. carinata, Sinapis alba and Crambe abyssinica. With respect to number of eggs laid, S. alba and C. abyssinica were inferior to the other species. Pollen beetles laid fewer eggs on B. nigra than on the other Brassica spp. in no-choice tests, however this difference was partly due to fewer eggs laid per bud rather than fewer buds used for oviposition. Most eggs, for all plant species, were deposited in buds sized 2–3 mm. Feeding damage on all plant species was relatively similar. Pollen beetles seem to have a wider host range for feeding than for oviposition. There was good agreement in plant species ranking as oviposition hosts between the field, semi-field and greenhouse trials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193448
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution ofChilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) egg batches on maize (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 7 (1994), S. 29-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: oviposition ; infestation ; behavior ; mark release recapture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Distribution ofChilo partellus egg masses was studied in field, greenhouse, and laboratory experiments. The eggs were laid in batches mainly on the lower side and the lower leaves of the plant. The egg batch size ranged from 1 to 169 eggs, with a median of 33.5 eggs per batch (average, 40.5). Oviposition ofC. partellus is described at two levels. The first level, choice of oviposition plants, followed a random distribution. The second level, number of egg batches per plant, followed an aggregated distribution in the field, where more than one egg batch was deposited on the same plant by the same female, which was found on 25% of the oviposition plants. A mechanism for egg-layingC. partellus females to perceive preceding oviposition or injured plants could not be detected. Oviposition site choice seemed to be mediated by tactile stimuli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01989825
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sexual behaviour of the greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum): Orientation and courtship (1981)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 29 (1981), S. 330-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurden Experimente durchgeführt, um die Verteilung von Gruppen mit jeweils vier erwachsenen Weissen Fliegen (in den Kombinationen “ausschliesslich Weibchen”, “beide Geschlechter” und “ausschliesslich Männchen”) an vier Tomatenblättern in einem Glaskasten zu überprüfen. Die statistische Analyse wies eine bedeutende Abweichung von der erwarteten zufälligen Verteilung und eine Tendenz zur Ansammlung von “ausschliesslich Weibchen” und “beide Geschlechter” auf. Die Gruppen “ausschliesslich Männchen” tendierten dazu, sich eher zufällig zu verteilen und schienen sich mehr zu bewegen als die Weibchen, vielleicht aktiv auf der Suche nach Weibchen. Das Werbungsverhalten der Weissen Fliege wird genau beschrieben auf der Grundlage von Videoaufzeichnungen. Fühler-, Unterleibs- und Flügelbewegungen sind in drei deutlich voneinander getrennte Stufen aufgeteilt. Werbungssignale, die zu Kopulationsversuchen führten, schienen auf Berühung zu beruhen. Es konnte kein Signal nachgewiesen werden, das in einer Art “Frühwarnsystem” für Weisse Fliegen von Nutzen sein könnte.
    Notes: Abstract Experiments were done to determine the distribution of groups of four adult whiteflies (in combinations “all females”, “mixed sexes”, and “all males”) on four tomato leaflets in a glass cage. Statistical analysis showed a significant deviation from the expected random distribution and a tendency towards aggregation for “all females” and “mixed sexes”. “All males” tended to disperse in a more random manner and seemed to move about more than females, perhaps actively searching for females. A detailed description of whitefly courtship behaviour, obtained using video recording equipment is given. Patterns of antennal, abdominal, and wing movements are divided into three distinct stages. Courtship signals leading to copulation attempts appeared to be tactile. No signal which might be of use in an “early warning” system for whiteflies could be detected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294073
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pollen beetle, Meligethes aeneus, changes egg production rate to match host quality (1999)
    Springer
    Oecologia 120 (1999), S. 274-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Key words Host-switching ; Oogenesis ; Oviposition ; Egg load ; Meligethes aeneus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Motivation-based models dominate current theory concerning host plant selection for oviposition by herbivorous insects. A female searching for a host plant will be more likely to accept a host which is of inferior quality for her offspring if motivation is high, e.g. a large eggload or long time since last oviposition. This implies that insects will accumulate eggs if exposed to hosts of low acceptability and after a time lay eggs on such hosts. An alternative strategy for insects when exposed to less acceptable hosts is to stop producing, instead of accumulating, eggs. Thus, resources would be saved until a more acceptable host is found. If this hypothesis is true, a herbivorous insect would cease egg production when exposed to hosts of low acceptability and resume egg production when exposed to hosts of high acceptability. Previous exposure should not affect oviposition rate when an insect encounters a new host of a different quality. In an earlier study pollen beetles, Meligethes aeneus (F.) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), did not accumulate eggs in the absence of high quality hosts. In this study we monitored the daily oviposition rate of female pollen beetles on hosts plants of low (Sinapis alba L.), intermediate (Brassica nigra Koch) or high (B. napus L.) acceptability over a 5-day period. Individuals were then switched to an oviposition resource of a different acceptability. Beetles moved from high- to low-acceptability plants reduced their oviposition rate considerably. In the opposite case, low to high acceptability, the rate of oviposition increased markedly after the switch. When M. aeneus were moved from the high-acceptability host to that of intermediate acceptability oviposition rate was modified accordingly. However, when moved to the intermediate host from a host of low acceptability oviposition on B. nigra was much less than would normally be expected. A possible mechanism for this finding is discussed. M. aeneus, by adjusting oviposition rate to host acceptability, maximizes the average host quality for offspring, even at the cost of a lower egg-laying rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00008823
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Myrosinase: gene family evolution and herbivore defense in Brassicaceae (2000)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 42 (2000), S. 93-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: cyanogenic glucosides ; glucosinolates ; myrosinase ; O-β-glucosidase ; plant–insect interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Glucosinolates are a category of secondary products present primarily in species of the order Capparales. When tissue is damaged, for example by herbivory, glucosinolates are degraded in a reaction catalyzed by thioglucosidases, denoted myrosinases, also present in these species. Thereby, toxic compounds such as nitriles, isothiocyanates, epithionitriles and thiocyanates are released. The glucosinolate-myrosinase system is generally believed to be part of the plant's defense against insects, and possibly also against pathogens. In this review, the evolution of the system and its impact on the interaction between plants and insects are discussed. Further, data suggesting additional functions in the defense against pathogens and in sulfur metabolism are reviewed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006380021658
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glucosinolate Content and Susceptibility for Insect Attack of Three Populations of Sinapis alba (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 24 (1998), S. 1203-1216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Insect-plant interactions ; growth stages ; white mustard ; glucosinolates ; sinalbin ; Sinapis alba
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Sinapis alba is less susceptible to damage by insect pests than Brassica napus. We investigated the composition and distribution of glucosinolates in different plant parts in three populations of S. alba; two populations selected for low-seed-glucosinolate content and one commercial cultivar. We have assessed the susceptibility of low-seed-glucosinolate content populations of S. alba to four insect pests, a flea beetle, a pollen beetle, and two species of aphids. Over 90% of the total glucosinolates in the cotyledons of the three populations of S. alba consisted of sinalbin. There was no difference in feeding damage by flea beetles on different S. alba populations at the cotyledon stage, nor was there a difference in sinalbin concentration of cotyledons. Total glucosinolate levels were highest in younger plant tissues. Sinalbin declined as a proportion of total glucosinolate content in later growth stages, especially in the “low” breeding lines. Reproduction by aphids was the same on all three populations despite differences in sinalbin content of the S. alba leaves at the growth stage tested. The specialist aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae, was found mainly on young tissues, while the generalist aphid, Myzus persicae, was found predominantly on older plant parts. There was no difference in oviposition by pollen beetles between the S. alba populations, despite the fact that on one population total glucosinolate concentration and the proportion of sinalbin found in the buds were much lower than on the other two populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022498903175
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  • 9
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    Recruitment of saproxylic beetles in high stumps created for maintaining biodiversity in a boreal forest landscape (2006)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-09-01
    Description: The active creation of coarse woody debris (CWD) has been suggested as a measure to preserve and restore biodiversity in managed forests. A common practice in Sweden is to create high stumps at final cutting. We evaluated the importance of high stumps for saproxylic (wood-dependent) beetles in a boreal forest landscape in central Sweden. The number of high stumps created on clearcuts was recorded and the beetle fauna under the bark of high stumps of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was sampled. High stumps yielded only 0.13% of CWD volume and bark area in the landscape. Out of the 29 beetle species most frequently found in the landscape, high stumps were the major source of recruitment at the landscape level for only one, Hadreule elongatula (Gyllenhal). For the remaining 28 beetle species, less than 1% of the landscape's population occurred in high stumps on clearcuts. The abundance of H. elongatula increased with the area of the surrounding forest land that was covered by clearcuts within a radius of 1000 m. This is the first example of a saproxylic species associated with clearcuts, in contemporary forest landscapes, for which such an occurrence pattern has been documented.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 10
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    The pollen beetle, Meligethes aeneus, changes egg production rate to match host quality (1999)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-08-06
    Print ISSN: 0029-8549
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1939
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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