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  • 1
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    Root Grafts and their Silvicultural Implications (1972)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1972-06-01
    Description: Many trees in stands of Douglas fir, western hemlock and western red cedar on Vancouver Island were joined by functional grafts. In a partially cut stand, 45% of the stumps showed evidence of continued growth and half of these (23%) were still growing vigorously more than 22 years after logging. On experimentally detopped trees, growth extended several meters up the bole. Dominant trees usually supported the growth of the root system and lower boles of grafted suppressed trees.Translocation through grafts may partially explain the frequent stagnation and slow recovery of stands after thinning from above, and may be involved in the usually rapid increase of growth after thinning from below. It is probably a contributing factor in establishing dominance and determining mortality in overtopped trees. In species that graft freely, the use of silvicides in spacing and thinning treatments should be restricted to young stands before grafts are established.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 2
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    Effect of vegetative competition on regeneration of white spruce (1981)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-03-01
    Description: The rate of invasion and height growth of vegetation in logged-over areas were studied on four forest site types in the white spruce – alpine fir (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss – Abieslasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.) forests north of Prince George, B.C. On Cornus–Moss, Aralia–Dryopteris, and Devil's Club site types, which generally had full stocking, vegetation that grew under the canopy of trees was replaced after logging by aggressive pioneer species. Annuals were the first to invade the logged-over area, followed by biennials and perennials. The invasion of shrubs was the slowest. After logging, 6 or 7 years elapsed before vegetation became a serious hindrance to regeneration and, by that time, white spruce seedlings planted immediately after logging were tall enough to withstand competition. On the Alluvium site type, where stocking is usually open and shrubs and grasses that thrive in the logged-over areas are present, spruce seedlings were overtopped during the first growing season and eliminated as the density of shrubs increased.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 3
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    Association of western white pine cone crops with weather variables (1976)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1976-03-01
    Description: Twenty-one-year records of western white pine cone counts were analyzed with seven meteorological variables to find if any combinations of available weather factors were associated with the induction of reproductive buds and successful development of the strobili. The weather in three periods before the physical initiation of the potentially reproductive cycle showed association with cone counts: (1) sunny weather in June, 39 months before cone maturation; (2) warm, sunny, dry weather in September and October, 36 and 35 months before cone maturation; and (3) warm, sunny, dry weather with wide daily temperature range in June and July, 27 and 26 months before cone maturation, appeared to promote differentiation of potentially reproductive buds. During and after the initiation of bud primordia, the weather in four periods appeared to be associated with cone production: (1) warm and possibly wet weather in August, September, and October, 25 to 23 months before cone maturation; (2) rain in the third quarter of July, 4 weeks after pollination and 14 months before cone maturation; (3) warm temperatures in September, October, and November, 12 to 10 months before cone maturation; and (4) sunny, warm, dry weather in May, 4 months before cone maturation, appeared to be beneficial to cone development.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 4
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    Regeneration and growth of white spruce and alpine fir in the interior of British Columbia (1983)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-04-01
    Description: Survival and height growth of planted white spruce, Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss, and alpine fir, Abieslasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt., seedlings, the growth of competing shrubs, and height, diameter, and volume growth of spruce and fir up to about 130 years of age were studied on Alluvial and Aralia sites in the central interior of British Columbia to assess the suitability of alpine fir for restocking the sites where shrub competition causes heavy seedling mortality of spruce. Alpine fir regenerated successfully under heavy shrub competition where spruce generally failed, and its growth up to almost 100 years was better than that of spruce. Spruce maintained its growth longer. Spruce should be favored where its regeneration can be assured. Where shrubs prevent regeneration of spruce, however, alpine fir may provide a viable and even economically justifiable alternative.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 5
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    Root systems of older immature hemlock, cedar, and Douglas-fir (1988)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-05-01
    Description: not available
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 6
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    Growth of lodgepole pine and white spruce in the central interior of British Columbia (1982)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-09-01
    Description: Height, diameter, volume growth, crown width, and stocking of lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl.) and white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) were studied on the three most common forest sites in the central interior of British Columbia, to estimate their potential growth and their suitability for pure or mixed stands in managed second-growth forests established by planting. Spruce only should be planted on moist to wet Alluvium sites; both species appear to be equally suitable on moist Aralia sites, and pine only should be planted on dry to moist Cornus–Moss sites. In mixed forest, suppressed spruce will have little volume at the time of pine harvest. In general, managed, fully stocked second-growth forests should produce greater volume per hectare than the present natural, unmanaged forests.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 7
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    White Spruce Cone Production and Prediction of Cone Crops (1972)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1972-12-01
    Description: In September preceding the seed year, reproductive buds of white spruce can be recognized with the naked eye. The numbers of ovulate buds are a good indication of the prospective cone crop. A method of sequential sampling on a small number of trees, which enables a prediction of cone crop potential on a stand or regional basis, is presented. This advance information facilitates planning of seedbed preparation for natural regeneration, seed collection and artificial reforestation.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 8
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    Root System Morphology of Western Hemlock, Western Red Cedar, and Douglas-fir (1974)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1974-03-01
    Description: Root systems of nine western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), nine western red cedar, (Thujaplicata (Donn), and six Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) trees were hydraulically excavated in the Cowichan Lake area on Vancouver Island. All three species were similar in depth of root penetration, presence of oblique laterals and sinkers, concentration of rope-like, higher-order laterals, and fine absorbing roots below the organic–mineral interphase, on top of the hardpan and in pockets of organic or fine mineral material. Dominants had proportionally larger and more symmetrical root systems than trees of lower canopies; asymmetry generally increased with increasing stoniness and decreasing soil depth. All three species showed a somewhat greater root development on the downhill side, but exceptions were frequent. Douglas-fir had a larger root spread, roots of larger diameters and smaller taper, and proportionally greater root weight than cedar or hemlock. The density of thin, rope-like roots and absorbing roots was highest on cedar and lowest on Douglas-fir. Hemlock roots followed old decaying roots more frequently than cedar or fir, but root channels were equally used by all species.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 9
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    Cone Production of Douglas-fir and Grand Fir and its Climatic Requirements (1973)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1973-03-01
    Description: Thirty-six-year records of Douglas-fir and grand fir cone counts were analyzed with eight climatic variables to find which combinations of climatic factors were related to the induction of reproductive buds and the successful development of the strobili. Cool, cloudy weather during June, July, and August, 26–24 months before cone maturation, was the first prerequisite for abundant reproductive bud initiation. The second was cold, sunny weather during December, January, and February, 20–18 months before cone maturation. A wet April, 16 months before cone maturation, resulted in a higher proportion of megasporangiate strobili being differentiated, while a warm, dry, sunny June, 14 months before cone maturation, favored successful bud development. Since the prerequisites for a good cone crop include an alternation of cool, moist summers (2 years prior) and warm, dry summers (1 year prior), good cone crops in two consecutive years can not be expected. And since additional environmental prerequisites must be fulfilled, a lapse of several years between good cone crops is probable.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 10
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    Root systems of older immature hemlock, cedar, and Douglas-fir (1987)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-11-01
    Description: Root systems of eight western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), eight western red cedar (Thujaplicata Donn.), and six Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) trees, average age about 50 years, average dbh 26.3 cm, were hydraulically excavated. The sizes and shapes of the root systems are given and the root systems and roots are described. Fresh and dry weights of roots of all vegetation averaged 36 and 14 t/ha and were similar for all three species. Fine absorbing roots were distributed mainly in the organic horizon and immediately below it, i.e., in the top 10 or 15 cm of the soil; their turnover appears rapid. Their ovendry weight averaged 210 g/m2 and their length averaged 4 km/m2.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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