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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal degradation of poly(vinyl chloride) blendsDedicated to Prof. Dr. T. Kelen on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 181 (1990), S. 23-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Polyvinylchlorid wurde mit verschiedenen Polymethacrylaten und Polycarbonaten durch Ausfällen gemeinsamer Lösungen gemischt. Die thermische Stabilität der Proben wurde bei 180°C in einer Stickstoffatmosphäre mittels konduktometrischer Messung der abgespaltenen Salzsäure bestimmt. Um den Einfluß der Polymethacrylate auf die Länge der entstandenen Polyensequenzen zu ermitteln, wurden die abgebauten Proben UV-spektroskopisch untersucht.Wie die Experimente zeigen, ist die Estergruppe von dominierendem Einfluß auf die thermische Stabilität von Polyvinylchlorid in diesen Blends. Poly-n-butylmethacrylat stabilisiert dabei Polyvinylchlorid am besten. Die eingesetzten Polycarbonate haben Glastemperaturen, die über der Abbautemperatur liegen; sie vermindern die thermische Stabilität von Polyvinylchlorid.Stabilisierungsversuche mit Dibutylzinn-bis(isooctylthioglykolat) zeigen einen costabilisierenden Effekt der Polymethacrylate und Polycarbonate.
    Notes: Poly(vinyl chloride) was mixed with various poly(methacrylate)s and polycarbonates by combined precipitation from common solutions. The thermal stability of the samples was measured at 180°C under nitrogen, the HCl evolved was detected by conductometry.UV-Vis-spectra of degraded samples were measured to investigate the influence of the poly(methacrylate)s on the lengths of polyenes formed during the degradation of poly(vinyl chloride).The experiments show that the nature of the ester group is the dominating factor for the thermal stability of poly(vinyl chloride) in these blends. Poly(n-butylmethacrylate) exhibits the best stabilization for poly(vinyl chloride) in this series. Polycarbonates with a higher glass transition temperature than the temperature of degradation destabilize poly(vinyl chloride).Stabilization experiments with dibutyltin-bis(isooctylthioglycolate) show a costabilizing effect of the poly(methacrylate)s and polycarbonates.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1990.051810102
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A DSC investigation on the stabilizer distribution in PVC blends (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 184 (1991), S. 197-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurde die Verteilung eines flüssigen Organozinnstabilisators zwischen den Phasen zweiphasiger Blends aus PVC/SAN sowie PVC/PMA mittels DSC untersucht. Die angewandte Methode erwies sich als geeignet, die Verteilung auch in niedrigen Konzentrationsbereichen zu messen. In PVC/SAN-Blends befindet sich der Stabilisator bei Konzentrationen 〉 1 Gew.-% in beiden Phasen, bei niedrigeren Konzentrationen nur im PVC. Messungen der Induktionszeiten des thermischen Abbaus bei 180°C unter Stickstoff zeigen keine Verschlechterung der stabilisierenden Eigenschaften für die Blends, bei denen ein Teil des Stabilisators in der SAN-Phase vorlag. Kinetsche Messungen mit der DSC-Methode sprechen für eine Migration des Stabilisators aus dem SAN. In PVC/PMA-Blends wurde dagegen eine vollständige Unlöslichkeit des Stabilisators in der weichen Polyacrylatphase nachgewiesen.
    Notes: The distribution of a liquid organotin stabilizer between the phases of heterogeneous poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) blends has been studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). This method can be used even at low stabilizer concentrations. At concentrations 〉 1 wt.-% the stabilizer can be detected in both phases of a PVC/SAN (poly(vinyl chloride)/poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile)) blend. At lower concentrations no stabilizer could be found in the SAN phase. Determination of the induction period of thermal degradation at 180°C under nitrogen atmosphere showed no loss of thermal stability for blends containing the stabilizer partly in the SAN phase. Kinetic measurements with the DSC indicate a migration of the stabilizer out of the SAN phase, PVC/PMA (poly(vinyl chloride)/poly(methyl acrylate)) blends showed no solubility of the stabilizer in the soft PMA phase.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1991.051840117
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microheterogeneities of core-shell latexes probed by 1H spin diffusion and transmission electron microscopyDedicated to Prof. Joachim Klein on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 196 (1995), S. 985-993 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A core-shell latex built up of polybutadiene as a mobile component and polystyrene as a rigid component is investigated. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy are used to characterize the morphology and possible heterogeneities of the latex particles (average particles sizes 70-100 nm). NMR spectroscopy allows the determination of average domain distances much below the particle size due to standard electron microscopy. These differences are explained by an additional microstructure of the core-shell particles. Indeed, electron micrographs at high resolution confirm the existence of heterogeneities within the polybutadiene core of the latex. The presented investigations demonstrate the power of a combined application of solid-state NMR spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy for the characterization of core-shell latexes.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1995.021960401
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