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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Body wall muscles in the haplotaxidsHaplotaxis gordioides andPelodrilus leruthi (Annelida, Oligochaeta) (1990)
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 110 (1990), S. 27-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The muscle organization of the body wall in two species of Haplotaxida is described.Haplotaxis gordioides andPelodrilus leruthi show significant differences in the longitudinal muscle layer. The observations suggest that inH. gordioides, the muscle fibres could foreshadow the flat circomyarian organization of microdrile muscles, while theP. leruthi organization recalls the pinnate arrangement of megadrile body wall.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01632809
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphogenesis of helical fibers in haplotaxids (1996)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 334 (1996), S. 207-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: haplotaxids ; helical muscles ; ultrastructure ; growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract There are two different muscle fiber types in haplotaxids. The pseudo-circomyarian type is typical of Haplotaxis gordioides and the flattened circomyarian type of Pelodrilus leruthi. The mechanisms of growth in fiber size and in fiber number of the two fiber types in the hindmost region of adult specimens have been studied ultrastructurally. The increase in length and girth of the muscle fiber is always the result of the insertion of new myofilaments in the peripheral zones of the muscle cells. The increase in the number of fibers seems to be due to division of differentiated muscle cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00017371
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peripheral vascular apparatus in some aquatic oligochaetes with special references to haplotaxids (1996)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 334 (1996), S. 241-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Haplotaxidae ; vessels ; ultrastructure ; microdriles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The organization of the peripheral vascular apparatus in two haplotaxids has been studied and compared with that of other microdriles. Considerable differences in the circulatory systems of Pelodrilus leruthi and Haplotaxis gordioides, especially in relationships to the body wall muscle fibers, separate and distinguish the two animals. Different organizations of the peripheral apparatus that can be observed in these microdriles are: in the first species, capillary vessels have no contact with the body wall; in the second species, capillaries extend between the longitudinal muscle fibers until they reach the body surface, thus approaching the situation in megadriles where circulation can become intraepithelial. Generally, vessels hanging in the coelom are of a large diameter. When a capillary network related to the body wall muscle develops, vessels are small in diameter and their walls have variable numbers of contractile elements, ensuring the forced circulation of the blood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00017374
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unusual model of lumbriculids' helical muscles: comparison with body wall muscles in other microdriles (1987)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 155 (1987), S. 135-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Lumbriculidae ; microdriles ; helical muscles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Longitudinal body wall muscles of lumbriculids are characterized by unique peculiarities; they are ribbonshaped, with regularly distributed Z-elements and sarcotubules crossing the fibres from one side to another. These act as a sequence of pivots for mechanical and functional control during contraction. Myosin filaments are equally ribbon-shaped, and in the XZ plane they appear sigmoid. All these characteristics can be deduced from a comparison between theoretical computerized images and corresponding electron micrographs. The muscles of lumbriculids are only apparently similar to those of enchytraeids and tubificids, and are completely different from the muscles of haplotaxids and branchiobdellids. A comparison between body wall muscles of these microdriles suggests the opportunity of using the muscle organization and ultrastructure as a taxonomic character.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00025639
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Body wall organization in enchytraeids (1989)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 180 (1989), S. 83-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: enchytraeids ; muscles ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The muscle organization of the body wall in some species of oligochaetes belonging to the Enchytraeus genus is described. No differences have been detected in their circular muscles, whereas longitudinal muscles show significant differences, allowing an easy identification of the various worm species. In particular, differences are noticeable in the external longitudinal layer. These observations suggest that structural and ultrastructural muscle fiber organizations can be used as a taxonomic tool.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027540
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histochemical analysis of oligochaete body wall (1989)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 180 (1989), S. 99-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: hystochemistry ; oligochaete ; muscles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The body wall muscle fibers of Rinchelmis limosella and Enchytraeus albidus have been hystochemically characterized. The results have been compared with similar data on Lumbricus terrestris and Hirudo medicinalis. The various enzymatic activities have been correlated with the ultrastructural data and a possible functional meaning of the different muscle layers has been proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027542
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Body wall muscles in oligochaetes (1994)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 278 (1994), S. 179-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: oligochaetes ; microdriles ; megadriles ; muscles ; ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Longitudinal body wall muscles in tubificids, enchytraeids, lumbriculids, haplotaxids and lumbricids are always histologically and ultrastructurally distinguishable from one another. Some structural peculiarities, as those typical of lumbriculids, may be used as taxonomic tools. The longitudinal body wall muscles in all oligochaetes belong to slow and fast contracting fibre types. Two possible phylogenetic patterns for the formation of slow fibres are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00142326
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative body wall musculature and muscle fibre ultrastructure in branchiobdellidans (Annelida: Clitellata), and their phylogenetic significance (1994)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 278 (1994), S. 189-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: branchiobdellidans ; muscles ; ultrastructure ; phylogeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The body wall muscles in five species of branchiobdellidans are all arranged in the oligochaete pattern and the muscle fibres are obliquely striated. The structure of the circular muscle fibres do vary to some degree. The longitudinal muscle fibres in Ankyrodrilus legaeus, Branchiobdella kozarovi, and Xironogiton instabilis all are round circomyarian and thus double-obliquely striated. These species represent three of the four genera composing the family Branchiobdellidae. Although Bdellodrilus illuminatus and Cambarincola fallax, from the families Bdellodrilidae and Cambarincolidae, respectively, also possess a few round circomyarian fibres, most are ‘polyplatymyarian’ comparable to single-obliquely striated fibres. A similar division of branchiobdellidan families is obtained based on the number of anterior nephridial pores. The muscular structure in the branchiobdellidans shows both similarities and differences with the leeches and the lumbriculid oligochaetes. One phylogenetic explanation for this is that the branchiobdellidans separated from the common clitellate ancestor before the oligochaetes and leeches became recognizable taxa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00142327
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural and histochemical comparison in two haplotaxids (1994)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 278 (1994), S. 157-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: haplotaxids ; muscles ; histochemistry ; ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Pelodrilus leruthi Hrabe, 1958 and Haplotaxis gordioides Hartman, 1821 have been investigated from a histochemical point of view. A different distribution and number of fast and slow fibres has been detected in the two species. Pelodrilus leruthi specimens living in different caves, show some differences in the body wall muscle thickness and in the structure of the ventral nerve cord. A correlation with their different life styles is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00142324
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphogenesis of body wall muscle fibers in Enchytraeus minutus (1989)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 180 (1989), S. 91-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Enchytraeida ; Oligochaeta ; muscle development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The helical muscle fibers of Enchytraeus minutus (Annelida, Enchytraeidae) have been investigated with respect to their development. We have shown that longitudinal fibers, in the cocoon, begin to develop as platymyarian fibers, then develop into shallow coelomyarian ones and finally, just before hatching, reach a flat circomyarian stage. After hatching, the fibers grow only in size due to an increase in contractile material in the helical sarcomere system. Indications are given as to the ways this process can take place.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027541
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