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Effect of atmospheric ammonia on the nitrogen metabolism of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) needles (1994)

Pérez-Soba, M. ; Stulen, I. ; Eerden, L. J. M.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Physiologia plantarum 90 (1994), S. 0

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ISSN: 1399-3054

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: Four-year-old seedlings of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) were exposed to filtered air (FA), and to FA supplemented with NH3 (60 and 240 μg m−3) in controlled-environment chambers for 14 weeks. Exposure to the higher NH3 concentration resulted in an increased activity of glutamine synthetase (GS, EC 6.3.1.2), and an increase in the concentrations of soluble proteins, total nitrogen, free amino acids and leaf pigments in the needles. The GS activity (μmol g−1 fresh weight h−1) in the needle extract increased to levels 69% higher than in FA and the soluble protein concentration to levels 22% higher. Total nitrogen concentration in the needles was 42% higher than in FA, while the free amino acid concentration was 300% higher, which was caused by an increase in arginine, glutamate, aspartate and glutamine. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid concentrations were 29, 38 and 11% higher, respectively. Neither the glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH, EC 1.4.1.2) activity nor the concentrations of free NH4+ and glucose in the needles were affected by exposure to NH3. After NH3 fumigation at 240 μg m−3 the starch concentration decreased by 39% relative to the FA. The results indicate that the metabolism of Scots pine acclimates to concentrations of NH3 which are 3 to 10 times higher than the average concentration in areas with intensive stock farming. The possible mechanisms underlying acclimation to NH3 are discussed.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1994.tb02517.x

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Nitrogen uptake in needles of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) when exposed to gaseous ammonia and ammonium fertilizer in the soil (1993)

Pérez-Soba, M. ; Eerden, L. J. M.

Springer

Plant and soil 153 (1993), S. 231-242

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: air pollution ; ammonia ; ammonium ; 15N ; N concentration ; needle ; pine

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Young saplings of Pinus sylvestris L. were exposed to gaseous NH3 at 53 or 105 μg m−3 for one year in open-top chambers. Saplings received 15N-labelled (NH4)2SO4 via the soil. To examine the importance of foliar N uptake, changes in the concentration of total and labelled N in the needles were followed. Increase in needle biomass and N concentration were found in trees exposed to NH3, confirming that atmospheric NH3 acted as a N fertilizer. NH3 had a greater and quicker effect than (NH4)2SO4: compared with the growth in ambient air, the N concentration in the needles exposed to NH3 had increased by 49% in four months, while the increase after highest N-fertilization (200 kg N ha−1 y−1) was only 8%. The small contribution of NH4 + fertilization to the total N concentration was not due to a deficient N uptake: the 15N concentration in the needles increased significantly with time. On the other hand, NH3 uptake in shoots may have a negative effect on the NH4 + root uptake. The relation between plant N and atmospheric NH3 concentration was non-linear and possible reasons for this observation are discussed. Fumigation with NH3 significantly decreased the ratios of K/N and P/N, showing that fumigation disrupted the nutrient balance.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00012996

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