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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of point defects in hydrothermally grown KTiOPO4 (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 2991-2994 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Electron paramagnetic resonance has been used to investigate radiation-induced point defects in hydrothermally grown single crystals of potassium titanyl phosphate ( KTiOPO4 or KTP). The crystals were irradiated at 77 K with 60–kV x rays. A trapped-hole center, a Ti3+ center, and a Pt3+ center were observed between 10 and 30 K after the initial 77-K irradiation. These defects become thermally unstable near 160 K. The trapped hole is localized on an oxygen ion adjacent to a potassium vacancy and has resolved hyperfine interactions with three phosphorus nuclei. The Ti3+ ion is the intrinsic self-trapped electron center in KTP and has weak hyperfine interactions with four phosphorus nuclei.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.349327
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Point defects in lithium triborate (LiB3O5) crystals (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 1114-1118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), electron-nuclear double resonance, optical absorption, and thermoluminescence have been used to investigate radiation-induced point defects in a single crystal of lithium triborate (LiB3O5). Two prominent defects are observed after irradiation near liquid-nitrogen temperature with 60 kV x rays. A four-line EPR spectrum, with 12.2 G splittings, is assigned to a trapped-hole center, and another four-line EPR spectrum, with 120 G splittings, is assigned to a trapped-electron center. In each case, the nucleus responsible for the observed hyperfine is 11B. The trapped hole is localized on an oxygen ion and has a weak hyperfine interaction with one neighboring boron nucleus, whereas the trapped electron is localized primarily on a boron ion with a correspondingly larger hyperfine interaction. Both defects become thermally unstable near 125 K, and their decay (i.e., recombination) correlates with an intense thermoluminescence peak at this same temperature. An optical absorption peak at 300 nm is produced by the x rays and thermally decays at the same temperatures as the EPR spectra.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353275
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of vegetation species and plant properties on runoff and soil erosion: results from a rainfall simulation study in south east Spain (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 13 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. To study the influence of different vegetation species and plant properties on the generation of surface runoff and soil erosion in south east Spain, a series of rainfall simulation experiments was conducted on small (c. 1.5 m2) plots. These were carried out in October 1993 and May 1994 on two sites close to Murcia. Six vegetation types were studied, with some at different stages of maturity, giving a total of nine vegetation treatments and two bare soil treatments. Four replicates of each treatment were exposed to a rainstorm of 120 mm/h for 15 minutes. The results of the experiments show that there are few significant differences in the ability of the vegetation types studied to control runoff or soil erosion. Of the plant properties considered, only plant canopy cover showed a significant relationship with soil loss and runoff with the greatest reduction in soil loss taking place at canopy covers greater than 30%. The implications of this research are that future efforts should be directed at developing ecological successions and revegetation methods which promote a substantial and sustainable canopy cover.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.1997.tb00575.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE INFLUENCE Of NITROGEN ON THE YIELD OF A COCKSFOOT SEED CROP (1953)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 8 (1953), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1953.tb00953.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE USE OF FERTILIZERS ON HERBAGE CUT FOR CONSERVATION Part III (1953)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 8 (1953), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1953.tb00940.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE USE OF FERTILIZERS ON HERBAGE CUT FOR CONSERVATION (1952)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 7 (1952), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1952.tb01309.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE USE OF FERTILIZERS ON HERBAGE CUT FOR CONSERVATION (1952)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 7 (1952), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1952.tb01307.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The spatial pattern of vegetation in cut and grazed grass/white clover pastures (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 51 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The spatial patterns of white clover and sward surface height (SSH) that developed In established perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)/white clover (Trifolium repens) pastures undercutting lent every 4 weeks to 5 cm) and gracing (continuously grazed with sheep to 5 cm) were measured. While clover cover was recorded in 1000 contiguous 5 × 5-cm quadrats down 50-m permanent transects from early spring to late autumn. Measurements of SSH were made at 10-cm intervals down the same transect. Spatial pattern was analysed using two-term local quadrat variance and patch-gap analysis. At least two scales of spatial pattern existed for white clover when defoliation treatments began. White clover was not distributed at random but found in patches (mean size = 1.1 m) where it was finely intermixed with grass. Patches, separated by gaps (regions of no clover) (mean size = 2.3 m), were in turn aggregated into ‘patches of patches’, separated by larger gaps (mean size = 4.1 m). Under grazing the pattern of patches and gaps did not alter. Under cutting, patch size increased and gap size decreased, explaining in part the greater mass and cover of white clover that arose in cut than grazed swards during the experiment. No new patches of white clover due to seedling establishment or clonal growth were observed in either cut or grazed swards. The intensity of pattern increased in both cut and grazed swards, but the increase was greater m cut swards. The initial single scale of spatial pattern of SSH of tall patches (mean size = 1.2 m) separated by short patches (mean size = 2.7 m) did not change under grazing. SSH became uniform under cutting. It is suggested that the response of plants to selective (spatially heterogeneous) grazing is a crucial factor in the development and maintenance of spatial pattern in grasslands. The importance of spatial pattern to our understanding and interpretation of plant-plant and plant-animal interactions and to the composition of temperate grasslands is considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1996.tb02057.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between vegetation state and bite dimensions of sheep grazing contrasting plant species and its implications for intake rate and diet selection (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 50 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: This study used both experimental evidence and a mathematical model to address some differences in interpretation in the literature on the relationship between sward height and the bite dimensions (bite depth, bite area and bite mass) of sheep grazing contrasting vegetation types. Individual non-fasted sheep were released onto small areas (10 × 10m) of white clover (Trifolium repens) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and bite dimensions were measured as they grazed across patches (0·7 × 0·7 m) of predetermined sward surface height (SSH). Sward heights were 4, 7, 10, 13 and 16cm for white clover patches and 4, 6, 5, 9, 11·5 and 14cm for ryegrass patches. Four sheep were assigned to each plant species and each sheep grazed one patch of each height (five patches/sheep). Bite depth, bite area and bite mass increased linearly with SSH in both white clover and ryegrass. At a given SSH, bite depth was similar in white clover and ryegrass, but bite area and bite mass were greater in white clover than in ryegrass. The linear relationships observed between bite mass and SSH contrasted with the asymptotic relationships observed in some other studies, but it is suggested that different relationships may arise because of methodological differences between studies. Furthermore, when linear relationships for bite mass were compared with asymptotic relationships for bite mass in a mechanistic model of animals grazing from ryegrass-white clover pastures it was demonstrated that the nature of the relationship had relatively little effect on the relationship between intake rate and SSH. This was because intake rate depended on the fundamental mechanistic relationship between bite mass and prehension bite rate. This relationship meant that the greater bite masses found when linear relationship were assumed were associated with reduced prehension bite rates and thus the effect on intake rate was relatively small. In addition, the predictions of the model regarding the bases of diet selection by animals grazing ryegrass-white clover mixtures were simplified, and stabilized, when linear relationships were assumed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1995.tb02332.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE RESIDUAL VALUE OVER THIRTEEN YEARS OF ROCK PHOSPHATE AND SUPERPHOSPHATE ON A PERMANENT GRASS SWARD (1967)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 22 (1967), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Over 13 years, 12 cwt/ac of ground rock phosphate (29% P2O5) were applied to an old grass sward, either completely in the first year or in equal amounts in each of the first 4 years; alternatively, 18 cwt superphosphate/ac were applied either in 3 equal amounts at 4–yearly intervals, or in equal amounts annually over the first 12 years.In the first year, the larger dressing of superphosphate gave the best response, measured as fresh herbage cut in mid–July each year, but during the next 7 years all methods of application gave similar yields. Dressings of rock phosphate gave progressively poorer response after 7 years and plots so treated were not significantly better than the control in the final year. At the end of the experiment, plots receiving annual applications of superphosphate yielded most herbage and those which had received superphosphate at 4–yearly intervals still showed a significant response. Phosphate in rock phosphate applied as a single dressing was two–thirds as effective over an 8–year period as that in superphosphate applied annually.The small difference over 12 years in phosphate uptake from 3 dressings of superphosphate compared with its equivalent in annual applications suggested that little phosphate fixation was taking place. The fact that a single dressing of rock phosphate was able to maintain yields and phosphate uptake close to that obtained from annual applications over 7 years supports this and suggests that the failure to utilize one third of the phosphate in rock phosphate was mostly due to initial insolubility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1967.tb00498.x
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