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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Population Biology of Coral Reef Fishes (1975)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 6 (1975), S. 211-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4162
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.06.110175.001235
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contrasting Population Biology of Two Species of Butterfly (1970)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 227 (1970), S. 91-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We shall discuss another univoltine species, Erebia epipsodea Butler (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae), with a different population biology, and contrast it with E. editha. Erebia epipsodea is ubiquitous in open areas between about 2,600 and 3,200 m in the East River drainage of Gunnison Co., Colorado3, and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/227091a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolutionary History and Population Biology (1967)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 214 (1967), S. 349-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] While accepting evolutionary theory, should ecologists be more sceptical about hypotheses derived solely from untestable assumptions about the past ? The authors put forward the view that many ecologists underestimate the efficacy of natural selection and fail to distinguish between phylogenetic ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/214349a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The behavior of heterotypic resting schools of juvenile grunts (Pomadasyidae) (1977)
    Springer
    Marine biology 42 (1977), S. 273-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Resting schools of juvenile grunts (less than 12 cm length), composed primarily of Haemulon flavolineatum and H. plumieri, were studied from 1972 to 1976 on a series of patch reefs surrounded by seagrass beds on the northeast coast of St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. Juvenile grunts form large inactive multispecies schools in reef areas by day. Repeated censuses over several years reveal that certain parts of the reef, particularly those with large formations of the corals Porites porites and Acropora palmata, are traditional schooling areas. When the fishes reach a size of about 15 cm, the H. plumieri form homotypic schools which roam the patch reefs but are no longer associated with particular formations of coral. In contrast, larger H. flavolineatum are uncommon on the patch reefs and they may move offshore to deeper water. The schools of juvenile grunts migrate some distance away (often 100 to 300 m) into seagrass-covered areas to feed on invertebrates at dusk each day. The routes which are followed into the seagrass beds are precise and persist over years. At dawn the grunts return to the reef on the same routes. Mass marking and release experiments show that juvenile grunts will move over long distances (approximately 3 km) to reach a home reef.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00397751
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extinction, reduction, stability and increase: The responses of checkerspot butterfly (Euphydryas) populations to the California drought (1980)
    Springer
    Oecologia 46 (1980), S. 101-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The California drought of 1975–77 has been correlated with unusual size changes in populations of two species of Euphydryas butterflies. Several populations became extinct, some were dramatically reduced, others remained stable and at least one increased. These differences in population dynamic response are not concordant with predictions made earlier that populations with heavy density-dependent mortality should be more stable in the face of drought than unregulated populations. The different responses are related to the fine details of the relationships between the insects and their host plants, relationships which are variable between populations. Revised predictions are given in the light of better knowledge of the variability and complexity of these insect-host relationships. The diversity of responses underlines the dangers of generalizing about “the ecology” of a taxonomic species. The extinctions support the view that such events are frequent and significant in the biology of populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00346973
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coevolution of the checkerspot butterfly Euphydryas chalcedona and its larval food plant Diplacus aurantiacus: larval response to protein and leaf resin (1982)
    Springer
    Oecologia 52 (1982), S. 216-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Prediapause larvae of the checkerspot butterfly Euphydryas chalcedona were raised from hatch until entrance into diapause on artificial diets. The proportions of protein and host plant leaf resin differed among the diets. Larval size growth rates and mortality were monitored and overall rates and efficiencies of food use were computed. Larval survivorship, growth rate and size of larvae at idapause were significantly enhanced by increasing dietary protein content, particularly over the range found in leaves of the host plant. In contrast, an increasing dietary content of Diplacus aurantiacus leaf resin significantly depressed larval surviviorship, growth rates and size of larvae at diapause. A simple dosedependent interaction was observed between the effects of dietary leaf resin and protein on larval success. Dietary content of leaf resin and protein significantly influenced some measures of food utilization efficiency (ECI and ECD), but not others (AD and NUE). The negative interaction between the effects of dietary leaf resin and protein content suggests the leaf resin phenolic compounds reduce the availability of protein to the larvae. The results for efficiency indices of larval food use are potentially in conflict with this interpretation. The influence of host plant leaf resin and protein on larval success, coupled with the relation between photosynthesis and leaf nitrogen content, are consistent with the hypothesis that productivity can be enhanced by herbivore deterrence resulting from leaf resin production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00363840
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental controls on the seasonality of a drought deciduous shrub, Diplacus aurantiacus and its predator, the checkerspot butterfly, Euphydryas chalcedona (1980)
    Springer
    Oecologia 45 (1980), S. 143-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Diplacus aurantiacus produces a full canopy of leaves during the rainy winter and spring. As the drought begins in summer, all but the terminal leaves are lost. The leaves present during the growth period have a comparatively low specific weight and a high content of water, protein, and non-structural carbohydrate on a weight basis. Leaves of this type have a high carbon-gain per unit dry matter investment. The larvae of Euphydryas chalcedona utilize Diplacus as their principal food source. Following the first winter rains, the shrub starts to grow and the larvae of Euphydryas break diapause and begin actively feeding. Adults are produced which lay eggs that hatch into prediapause larvae. During the end of the growth period of the shrub, as the quality and quantity of Diplacus leaves decline, the prediapause larvae have a brief period of active feeding and growth and then enter diapause. Diplacus produces a leaf surface resin which inhibits the growth of Euphydryas larvae. It is present in the highest amounts on those few leaves that remain on the shrub during the drought period. The type and pattern of herbivore defense in Diplacus fits the model described for “apparent” plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00346452
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The coevolution of Euphydryas chalcedona butterflies and their larval host plants (1983)
    Springer
    Oecologia 56 (1983), S. 323-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The interactions between the checkerspot butterfly, Euphydryas chalcedona, and two of its principal host plants, Diplacus aurantiacus and Scrophularia californica, were studied to test the hypothesis that feeding behavior in nature reflects food quality in terms of leaf nitrogen and defensive chemical contents. Larvae preferentially fed on Diplacus leaves containing the highest nitrogen: resin ratio in the field and laboratory. Larvae did not feed selectively among Scrophularia leaves, which show little variation in quality. Seasonal timing of feeding activity and larval development rates were closely related to the availability of any Scrophularia leaves and high-quality Diplacus leaves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379707
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The coevolution of Euphydryas chalcedona butterflies and their larval host plants (1983)
    Springer
    Oecologia 56 (1983), S. 330-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The effects of foodplant species and maternal food type on larval growth, development, and digestive parameters were examined for larvae from an oligophagous colony of Euphydryas chalcedona butterflies. Broods of larvae from areas containing two different foodplants, Diplacus aurantiacus and Scrophularia californica, were divided. One group was fed their “native” host and their siblings were fed the other species. Growth and digestion parameters were measured from hatching until larvae entered diapause. Larvae that fed on Scrophularia grew faster and larger, and suffered lower mortality than their siblings that fed on Diplacus. Growth and digestion indices for larvae from the two maternal-host types did not indicate genetically mediated differences in food-use efficiency; Scrophularia was more digestible than Diplacus to all larvae. Larvae showed a strong feeding preference for Scrophularia, regardless of previous food or presumed maternal-host type. However, larvae that had been reared on Diplacus ate more Diplacus than larvae that had been reared on Scrophularia. In addition, all larvae were capable of increasing gut pH when fed Diplacus. Thus, the effect of previous feeding experience on host utilization and preference by larvae was more significant than the effect of the presumed maternal-host type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379708
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coevolution: Patterns of legume predation by a lycaenid butterfly (1972)
    Springer
    Oecologia 10 (1972), S. 99-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Perennial legumes in Gunnison County, Colorado suffer heavy differential flower predation by larvae of a lycaenid butterfly. The butterfly populations may be resource-limited, and seem in turn to be an important factor in the evolution and distribution of the various legume species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00347982
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