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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth and maintenance respiration in leaves of northern red oak seedlings and mature trees after 3 years of ozone exposure (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 19 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A two-component model of growth and maintenance respiration is used to study the response of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings and 32-year-old trees to sub-ambient (10 μmol h; cumulative dose based on 7 h daily mean), ambient (43 μmol h), and twice-ambient (85 μmolh) ozone. The relative growth rates (RGR) of leaves sampled from seedlings and trees were similar across treatments, as were specific leaf respiration rates (SRR). Growth coefficients estimated from the SRR versus RGR relationship averaged 25-3 mol CO2 kg−1 leaf dry mass produced for seedlings and 21-5 mol kg−1 for trees. Maintenance coefficients ranged from 0-89 to 1-07 mol CO2 kg−1 leaf dry mass d−1 for seedlings and from 0-64 to 0-84 mol kg-1 d−1 for trees. Neither coefficient was affected by ozone. Leaves sampled throughout the growing season also showed little response of respiration to ozone. This occurred despite a 30% reduction in net photosynthesis for trees grown at twice-ambient ozone. These results suggest that growth and maintenance respiration in young northern red oak leaves are not affected by ozone and that in older leaves injury can occur without a parallel increase in so-called ‘maintenance’ respiration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1996.tb00391.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of charge rate and cycling on the morphology of Cd and Cd(OH)2 in sintered plate electrodes (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 6 (1976), S. 431-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Optical and scanning electron microscopy have been used to study the growth and redistribution of Cd and Cd(OH)2 in sintered plate electrodes as a function of charge rate and cycle number. As expected, the growth of both components was found to increase with increasing cycle number and decreasing charge rate. Because the deposits, particularly after extended cycling, always contained appreciable quantities of Cd metal in both the charged and discharged state, the sizes of Cd(OH)2 crystallites were difficult to quantify. High charge and discharge rates promoted greater aggregation and redistribution of active material towards the electrode edge. This resulted in a considerable decrease in the available pore volume per unit mass of active material and in extreme cases to localized pore blockage. The trapping of Cd metal by highly crystalline, unchargeable hexagonal platelets of (δ-Cd(OH)2 resulted in about 50% of the active material becoming obsolete after 100 cycles at high charge and discharge rates. At this stage only the finely divided Cd metal in the electrode interior continued to function. Low charge rates gave deposits of more uniform size and distribution but these contained a high percentage of large Cd particles which discharged less efficiently than those produced at the high charge rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00616543
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies concerning the growth of cadmium dendrites. II. Morphology in acidic media (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 13 (1983), S. 765-773 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The morphology of cadmium deposits formed during potentiostatic deposition onto etched cadmium substrates in a range of cadmium sulphate solutions with 0.5 mol dm−3 sulphuric acid as supporting electrolyte has been investigated. The deposit morphology and induction time was found to be both concentration and overpotential dependent. At 10−1 mol dm−3 CdSO4 for an overpotential range −20 to −80 mV, large crystalline aggregates were observed and large dendrites resulted after longer deposition times. The induction time was less than 1 min and the current time curves linear, indicating instantaneous rather than progressive initiation. At 10−2 mol dm−3 CdSO4 the morphology varied from fine, 2D-fern dendrites atη=−75 mV to needle dendrites atη=−150 mV. The morphology at 10−3 mol dm−3 CdSO4 closely resembled that at 10−2 mol dm−3 CdSO4 but, showed finer structural detail with less filling in of the main skeletal structure. The induction time was an order of magnitude greater at 10−3 mol dm−3 CdSO4 than at 10−2 mol dm−3 CdSO4, and the time taken to grow dendrites of the same length was also increased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00615826
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies concerning the growth of cadmium dendrites. I. Morphology in alkaline media (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 13 (1983), S. 751-764 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The morphology of cadmium dendrites formed during potentiostatic electrodeposition onto nickel and cadmium substrates from cadmate solutions in alkaline supporting electrolyte has been investigated. The morphology is potential dependent for deposition under convective diffusion conditions to a nickel substrate. For 1.05×10−4 mol dm−3 Cd(OH) 4 2− /30% KOH solutions, 2D- fern dendrites are observed at an overpotential of −150mV, needle dendrites at −200 mV, and large ‘filled-in’ fern dendrites at −300 mV. Similar results were found at the higher concentration, 2.4×10−4 mol dm−3 Cd(OH) 4 2− /50% KOH, but the time taken to grow an equivalent morphology and length were reduced in proportion. Crystalline aggregate dendrites were observed on a cadmium substrate in 1.05×10−4 mol dm−3 Cd(OH) 4 2− /30% KOH, becoming more crystalline and well defined with increase in overpotential. A significant induction time of the order 8 h was observed for all deposition onto stationary nickel and cadmium wires. Under the well-defined diffusion conditions at a rotating nickel disc electrode only one morphology, namely small ferns, was observed over a wide range of overpotentials. The current-time behaviour is presented, and the current is shown to have a (time)2 dependence, indicative of progressive nucleation of dendrites. The induction time, indicated approximately by the current minima, had decreased significantly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00615825
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The structure of willemite films on silicon (1971)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 6 (1971), S. 225-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Thin films have been prepared on silicon substrates by reacting manganese doped zinc fluoride with silicon oxide. A structural analysis has shown that the films consist of small crystallites of alpha-zinc orthosilicate (willemite) embedded in a matrix of silicon oxide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00550017
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling magnesium, phosphorus and potassium uptake by loblolly pine seedlings using a Barber-Cushman approach (1992)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 139 (1992), S. 209-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Barber-Cushman model ; Cli ; Imax ; loblolly pine ; nutrient uptake ; sensitivity analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The Barber-Cushman mechanistic nutrient uptake model, which has been utilized extensively to describe and predict nutrient uptake by crop plants, was evaluated for its ability to predict K, Mg, and P uptake by loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings. Sensitivity analyses were also used to investigate the impact of changes in soil nutrient supply, root morphological, and root uptake kinetics parameters on simulated nutrient uptake. Established experimental techniques were utilized to define the 11 parameters needed to model uptake by 1-0 seedlings of K, Mg, and P from a modified A horizon soil (Lilly series). Model predictions of K and P uptake over a 180-d growth period were underestimated by 6 and 11%, respectively. Estimates of Mg uptake were underestimated by 62%. While the level of agreement between predicted and observed K and P values was quite acceptable, analysis of parameter values and results of sensitivity analyses both indicated that the model underestimation of Mg uptake was the result of applying an Imax value developed under relatively low Mg concentration to a situation in which the functional Imax would be much higher due to the dominance of passive versus active uptake. Overall results of sensitivity analyses indicate that under the circumstances investigated, Imax, was the primary variable controlling plant uptake of K, Mg, and P. The dominance of this term over others was due to the relatively high Cli values for all three nutrients. Reducing (-50%) or increasing (+ 100%) other soil supply, root morphological, and remaining root uptake kinetics values did not substantially alter model estimates of nutrient uptake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00009312
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth, physiology, and nutrition of loblolly pine seedlings stressed by ozone and acidic precipitation: A summary of the ropis-south project (1993)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 69 (1993), S. 363-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Previously published results from a multidisciplinary research program, Response of Plants to Interacting Stress (ROPIS), initiated by the Electric Power Research Insitute are summarized here. The overall objective of the ROPIS program was to develop a general mechanistic theory of plant response to air pollutants and other stresses. Direct and indirect phytotoxic impacts of O3 combined with induced deficiencies of key nutrients as a consequence of acidic deposition are important components in many of the hypotheses used to explain reported declines in forest growth. In order to address these concerns as they relate to loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) growth and develop a greater level of mechanistic understanding of stress response, a study was formulated with two major objectives: (i) over a multi-yr period evaluate the role of loblolly pine genotype in governing loblolly growth response to O3; and (ii) determine the underlying physiological and edaphic basis for loblolly growth response to O3, acidic precipitation, and soil Mg status. An open-top chamber facility located at Oak Ridge, TN provided controlled O3 exposure for the genotype screening study (1986–88) and controlled O3 exposure and rainfall exclusion and addition for the O3-rainfall acidity-soil Mg interaction study (1987–89). A variety of experimental techniques, measurements, and statistical procedures were used over a 4-yr period to quantify various aspects of plant growth, physiology, and soil-plant relationships. Results from the genotype screening study indicate that although family-specific O3 effects were observed at the end of the first year, no statistically significant O3 effects on diameter, height, or total biomass were evident at the end of three growing seasons; nor were any significant O3-family interactions found. In the interaction study, rainfall acidity and soil Mg level had only minimal affects on seedling growth and physiology. Ozone exposure produced significant changes in many variables, the most important being a net retention of carbon in above-ground biomass and a subsequent reduction in carbon allocation to the root system. This change could have important longterm implications for the tree's ability to obtain water and nutrients, maintain important rhizosphere organisms, and achieve a level of vigor that protects against disease and insect attack.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00478171
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ozone, acidic precipitation, and soil Mg impacts on soil and loblolly pine seedling nutrient status after three growing seasons (1992)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 63 (1992), S. 281-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Recent studies have suggested that the growth of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) has declined in the southeastern United States, possibly due to acidic deposition and air pollutants, especially under conditions of low nutrient availability. Consequently, the potential for individual and synergistic impacts of O3, acidic precipitation, and soil Mg status on the nutrient status of loblolly pine seedlings and soil was investigated over a 3 yr study period. Thirty-six open top chambers equipped with a rainfall exclusion/addition system were utilized to administer three levels of O3 (subambient, ambient, or twice ambient) and two acidic precipitation treatments (pH 3.8 or 5.2) to seedlings growing in 24-L plastic pots containing soil having either 35 or 15 mg kg−1 of exchangeable Mg. Each chamber contained 36 pots, and each treatment combination was replicated six times for a total of 1296 individual pots. After three seasons, throughfall and foliar nutrition data indicated that foliar leaching was not accelerated by increasing the acidity of precipitation from pH 5.2 to 3.8 and that increasing O3 did not act to exacerbate foliar leaching. Further, foliar nutrient concentrations were not significantly affected by precipitation pH or O3 treatments. Soil and soil solution data also indicate no accelerated soil leaching associated with chronic acidic precipitation. Differences in soil Mg treatments were reflected in soil solution and seedling Mg contents, but the 15 mg kg−1 soil Mg treatment was not sufficiently low enough to induce Mg deficiency in the seedlings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00475495
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurements of a large anisotropy in the swelling of oriented DNA films in aqueous solution (1986)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 25 (1986), S. 223-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360250203
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chain-length-dependent microwave absorption of DNA (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 22 (1983), S. 2513-2516 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360221205
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