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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa, the cyanobacterial hepatotoxin microcystin–LR, and ammonia on growth rate and ionic regulation of brown trout (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 46 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Brown trout were exposed for 63 days to five treatments: a control; the purified cyanobacterial hepatotoxin microcystin—LR (MC—LR) (41—57 μg MC—LR 1−1); lysed toxic Microcystis aeruginosa cells (41–68 μg MC—LR 1−1 and 288 μg chlorophyll a 1−1); lysed non—toxic M. aeruginosa cells (non—MC—LR containing and 288 μg chlorophyll a 1−1); ammonia (65–325 μg NH3 1−1). All treatments produced significantly reduced growth compared to controls (P〈0·05, Fisher test). Exposure to ammonia resulted weight loss over the first 7 days followed by weight increase, though at a significantly lower level than in the other treatments. First exposed to lysed toxic M. aeruginosa cells grew less than those exposed to lysed non—toxic cyanobacteria or purified MC—LR. Sodium influx rates after 63 days exposure to purified MC—LR, lysed toxic M. aeruginosa cells, or ammonia showed a significant increase compared to control fish or those exposed to lysed non—toxic M. aeruginosa cells. There were no significant differences in Na+ efflux or net Na+ uptake rates between treatments. Significant increases in body Na+ and Cl— were seen in fish exposed to lysed toxic M. aeruginosa cells or ammonia. Only fish exposed to ammonia showed a significant increase in body ammonia. Short—term exposure, over 4 h, to lysed toxic cells, non—toxic cells or purified MC—LR resulted in insignificant changes in Na+ flux rates compared to controls although there was a significant net Na+ loss in fish exposed to ammonia. Chronic exposure of fish to toxic cyanobacterial blooms may result in ionic imbalance and reduced growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1995.tb01408.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blood electrolyte and prolactin regulation in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), exposed to nitrite (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 23 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), exposed to environmental nitrite for 3h showed significantly reduced chloride concentrations from 120·9 ± 0·5 to 113·8 ± 2-4 mmol/1, the result of nitrite uptake by the gills with a compensatory loss of blood chloride. This change could be prevented by injection of 10 mg/kg sulpiride, which stimulates prolactin secretion through antagonism of dopamine D2 receptors, thus increasing circulating prolactin levels. Prolactin is known to decrease membrane permeability and the increased levels of the hormone probably account for the relatively unchanged (compared to controls) plasma chloride and potassium levels in nitrite-exposed, sulpiride-treated fish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1992.tb00777.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial arrangement of fish gill secondary lamellar cells in intact and dissociated tissues from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 42 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Gill structure of rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon was investigated using cell disaggregation and dry fracture techniques for scanning electron microscopy (SEM), allowing new interpreta-tions of the structure of the secondary lamella. The basement membrane underlying the lamellar epithelium (secondary epithelium) was shown to be a tough sheet with numerous depressions corresponding to underlying pillar cells. This membrane is probably the most important structural element of the secondary lamella, capable of withstanding considerable mechanical stress. For the first time the structure of the apical surface of the secondary lamella was shown by SEM to consist of an outer microridged coat overlying a fibrous coat which appears continuous with the extracellular matrix surrounding the rest of the cell. When cells were detached they rounded up and the external microridged coat became more vesicle like, indicating the labile nature of this coat. In cell suspension preparations, epithelial, mucus and chloride cells are present as well as many blood derived cells such as erythrocytes, presumptive leucocytes and thrombocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1993.tb00394.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dietary salt intake and its relevance to ionic regulation in freshwater salmonids (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 35 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Dietary sodium intake for freshwater salmonids feeding in the wild (invertebrate diet) or in captivity (pellet diet) was calculated and compared with published branchial sodium influx values. Dietary sodium intake (mmol kg−1 per month) increases from winter minimum values of 5 and 30-40 to reach maximum values in summer of 175 and 240 for invertebrate and pellet diet, respectively. In summer, dietary sodium intake for fish feeding in the wild was of the same magnitude as branchial sodium influx. The implications of dietary sodium intake for sodium balance in freshwater fish are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1989.tb03026.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxygen uptake by rainbow trout blood, Salmo gairdneri (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 10 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Oxygen uptake rate by rainbow trout red cells was measured in the temperature range 5° to 40° C. Between 5° and 20° C there was a steady increase in rate and at 20° C a maximum rate of 2.5 μl O2/min/ml red cells occurred, followed by a decline in the rate as the temperature increased. A morphological investigation of the red cell was conducted and possible functions of the nucleus in fish red blood cells are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1977.tb04044.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some Effects of Carbon Dioxide on the Blood of Rainboi Trout Salmo gairdneri Richardson (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 1 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1969.tb03884.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of temperature on the drinking rates of two species of flatfish, flounder and turbot (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 44 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Flounders responded to a temperature change of 10° C by increasing drinking rate with a Q10 value of about 1.5 while turbot showed a limited capacity to respond to a similar temperature change. Drinking as an indicator of osmoregulatory performance is well developed in the euryhaline flounder compared to the stenohaline turbot indicating fundamental differences in the physiological response to temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1994.tb01280.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary cell culture from gill explants of rainbow trout (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 47 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Primary cultures of gill cells were initiated from gill filament explants of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. The explants were cultured in Leibovitz l-15 medium with 5, 10 or 20% foetal calf serum (FCS) and l-glutamine. The attachment efficiency was serum-dependent though increased FCS concentration did not stimulate further outgrowth of cells. The explants produced cell outgrowth 24 h after attachment as a sheet of cells which exhibited characteristics of gill pavement epithelial cells as indicated by surface microridges revealed by scanning electron micrographs. There was high proliferation for the first 14 days then a stable plateau for 30 days followed by a decline phase from 45 days. Following removal of cells, the explants produced further cell outgrowth which was especially active at the proliferation phase (14 days). Removal of these cells caused the explants to produce a further proliferation of cells reaching confluence in 10–14 days. After the third cell removal cell outgrowth from explants showed migratory activity but did not develop to resemble gill epithelial cells. The use of gill explants to establish primary cultures of fish gill cells has advantages which include longevity of the culture and successive proliferations from explants which could provide a useful tool for the investigation of long-term processes in cellular biology and reduce the number of culture preparations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1995.tb01931.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro evidence for the ionoregulatory role of rainbow trout mucus in acid, acid/aluminium and zinc toxicity (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 35 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Rainbow trout body mucus dialysed with acidified distilled water at pH 7,5 and 3 experienced ion depletion which was greatest at pH 3 and minimal between pH 7 and 5. Mucus Na+ loss is exacerbated in the presence of 1 mg I−1 aluminium as A12(SO4), at pH 5 and 7. Al2(SO4), causes greater depletion of Na+ from mucus than A1C13. A lethal level of zinc (2 mg 1−1) does not deplete mucus Na− or K+, unlike a lethal level of aluminium (1 mg 1−1) at pH 7. The results are discussed in terms of the ionoregulatory role of mucus in heavy metal and acid toxicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1989.tb03024.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of temperature on muscle pH, adenylate and phosphogen concentrations in Oreochromis alcalicus grahami, a fish adapted to an alkaline hot-spring (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 23 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The concentrations of phosphorylcreatine (PCr), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine monophosphate (AMP), inorganic phosphate (Pi), pyruvate and lactate were determined in freeze-clamped fast muscle samples from Oreochromis alcalicus grahami a fish adapted to extreme alkalinity (∼ pH 10·0) and high temperatures (Lake Magadi, Kenya). Specimens were analysed from both geothermally heated hotsprings (35–37°C) and from isolated cool pools (28°C) and from stocks acclimated to 20°C in the laboratory. The ratios of (ATP)/(ADP) and (ATP)/(ADP) (Pi) decreased with increasing body temperature consistent with an increase in glycolysis and tissue respiration rates, respectively. The apparent equilibrium constant of creatine kinase (KCK), (creatine) (ATP)/(phosphorylcreatine) (ADP) was found to decrease with increasing temperature: 20·2 (20°C), 13·9 (28°C), 8·0 (37°C). A near constant muscle and blood pH (or slight increase in alkalinity with higher temperatures) was found regardless of body temperature (Blood pH 7·64, 7·74, muscle pH 7·27, 7·51 at 20°C and 35°C, respectively). These results are consistent with an unusual pattern of acid-base regulation in this species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1983.tb02949.x
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